Fowl typhoid is a septicemic disease caused by
subsp.
serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum. It is a host-specific disease primarily affecting chickens and turkeys, although it has been reported in ...various animal species and sporadically in humans. Here, we present a case of a fowl typhoid outbreak on a turkey poult farm where the source of infection was the hatchery. The birds started showing symptoms of growth retardation at 21 days of age, after which the mortality rates gradually started to increase. Post mortem examination revealed that the main lesions were granulomatous proliferations in the small intestines. The results of the histopathological examination indicate that the severity of the infection was alleviated by the application of phytogenic mixtures and probiotics as a supportive treatment, even though the affected flock was eventually culled at 60 days of age. The farmer was advised to apply more strict biosecurity measures to prevent the spread of the disease on the farm and try to eradicate the pathogen from the barn. Since the outbreak, there have been no recurrent infections.
One of the current leading causes of death in pet cats is neoplasia. The scarcity of data on tumor prevalence in cats from south-eastern Europe led to this retrospective study which reports an ...abundant collection of tumors diagnosed in cats living in Croatia. Archived histopathology findings (diagnosis, cell origin, and biological behavior), and epidemiological data (breed, sex, age, and anatomical site of the tumor) of the cats diagnosed with at least one tumor were collected and statistically analyzed. For the research, 2338 archived feline samples, obtained from 2009-2019, have been reviewed. In 659 samples (28.1%) one or more tumors were diagnosed. Tumors have most often affected non-pedigree cats, cats between 7 and 15 years of age, and female cats. Most tumors showed malignant behavior (85.7%). The most frequent diagnoses were mammary adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Regarding origin, most samples were epithelial (46.9%), but mesenchymal (28.7%) and lymphoid tumors (17.0%) were also frequently found. Tumors most often occurred in the skin and subcutis, mammary gland (in females), digestive system, and hemolymphatic system (in males). Statistical analysis did not reveal breed, sex, and age predisposition, but female animals and non-pedigree cats were significantly more likely to develop malignant tumors. This detailed study gives insight into the most frequent tumors that occur in cats from Croatia, and the data reported here is likely applicable to other countries. This data will contribute to clinical veterinary oncology, as it presents the most extensive tumor index of cats in south-eastern Europe.
Circumanal gland (CG) tumors are common neoplasms of older dogs. Of these, only circumanal gland carcinomas show clear metastatic potential, and even so metastases seem to be uncommon. ...Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that facilitates the initial steps of metastasis, and to date it has not been systematically investigated in CG tumors. Insight into the occurrence of this process would be a valuable asset in understanding the biology of these tumors. To test the occurrence of EMT we used three immunohistochemical markers that alter their expression in this process, namely – E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Additionally, we used the Ki-67 marker of proliferation. The samples used consisted of 15 adenomas, 11 epitheliomas, 21 well-differentiated carcinomas, seven poorly differentiated carcinomas, and ten samples of normal CG. The results of N-cadherin were negative for all samples. E-cadherin was highly expressed in all groups, but was slightly lower in semi-malignant and malignant tumors; MMP-9 marking was generally very low, but significantly higher in semi-malignant or malignant tumors when compared to benign or non-neoplastic CG. The index of proliferation (Ki-67) was significantly higher for semi-malignant or malignant CG tumors when compared to benign CG tumors or normal CG. These results show that with an increase in the histologic malignancy of these tumors there is a slight drop in E-cadherin, a slight rise in MMP-9, and a significant increase in Ki-67. Therefore, these results suggest the possibility that EMT occurs within the malignant or even semi-malignant forms of CG tumors, but probably as a rare and late event. Further studies are needed to prove or disprove these statements.
A granular cell tumor (GCT) in the central nervous system (CNS) of a ferret is a rare finding. In this case a cerebral GCT is described in a 5-year-old castrated female ferret. The animal developed ...lameness in right hind leg which progreseed to total ataxia. The animal died and a necropsy revealed the mass in the medial to caudal part of the left frontal lobe of the brain. Based on histological and imunohistochemical findings, tumor was diagnosed as granular cell tumor. Immunohistochemically, granular cells were diffusely positive for vimentin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and weakly focal reactivity for S-100 protein was seen. Neoplastic cells did not express cytokeratins and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Although immunohistochemistry was performed, histogenesis of this tumor remains unsolved and controversial.
A histopathological analysis of 13 apocrine gland tumors and 22 sebaceous gland tumors in dogs was performed, which were submitted to the Department of Veterinary Pathology from 1 January 2010 to 31 ...December 2012. An association between the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and Ki-67, the type, and the biological behavior of the tumors was investigated. The mean age of dogs with apocrine gland tumors was 10.15 years, and 10.91 years for sebaceous gland tumors. According to the histopathological analysis, 53.8% carcinomas and 46.2% adenomas of the apocrine glands were found. In the sebaceous gland tumors, epitheliomas were dominant (50.0%), followed by adenomas (36.4%) and carcinomas (13.6%). Survival time in dogs with sebaceous gland tumors was shortest in patients with diagnosed epitheliomas, intermediate in adenomas, and longest in carcinomas. The incidence of metastases was low in the groups with sebaceous adenomas and epitheliomas, and recurrence was most common in carcinomas. The average survival time was about the same for apocrine gland adenomas and carcinomas, with a higher incidence of metastases and recurrence for carcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis of E-cadherin and Ki-67 expression confirmed the efficiency of this method for the accurate histological classification of apocrine and especially sebaceous gland tumors. The analyzes performed showed that the location and intensity of E-cadherin expression can be helpful in predicting the biological behavior of sebaceous gland tumors. In contrast to sebaceous gland tumors, the analysis of apocrine gland tumors showed that there was no correlation between E-cadherin expression and the biological behavior of apocrine gland tumors.
Visceral hemangiosarcoma were analyzed at the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, over a 5-year period. From a total of 52 tumor masses in ...a total of 31 dogs, histological growth patterns (cavernous, capillary or solid) and the amount of tumor supporting stroma were evaluated. Additionally, sections were stained with toluidine blue for the purpose of mast cell detection and their number was determined in the tumor parenchyma, tumor stroma and edges. The average age of the affected animals was 10 years, males predominated, and the tumors occurred most frequently in cross breeds, German Shepherd dogs and Labrador Retrievers. The highest number of visceral hemangiosarcoma was found in the spleen (27/52). The most common growth pattern of visceral hemangiosarcoma was solely cavernous with a mixture of cavernous and solid patterns in different proportions. Mast cells were found in 44/52 (84.6%) of the visceral hemangiosarcomas. A smaller number of mast cells were found in the tumor parenchyma, and higher number were found in the stroma and tumor edges. The number of mast cells in tumors was not significantly associated with the tumor growth pattern, but there was a positive correlation between MCC - tumor parenchyma and stroma (rs = 0.28, P<0.05), MCC - tumor stroma + edges (rs = 0.74, P<0.05) and MCC - tumor parenchyma and MCC- tumor stroma+edges (rs = 0.30, P<0.05) in all the examined tumors. In splenic tumors, there was only a significant positive correlation between MCC - stroma+edges (rs P = 0.68 P<0.05). These results suggest a higher mast cell count in tumors with more developed stromal components in canine visceral hemangiosarcomas, and certainly indicate the need for further research on their role and the factors they release in the development and progression of hemangiosarcomas.
An African pygmy hedgehog (
Atalerix albiventris
) (APH) was admitted to the clinic with a history of vaginal bleeding. Examination showed poor clinical status of the patient based on haemogram ...values. The ultrasound showed an enlarged uterus filled with an anechoic content without the presence of free abdominal fluid. Ovariohysterectomy was performed under general inhalation anaesthesia. Histopathology examination was performed on tissue samples of the uterus with the final diagnosis of an endometrial polyp with endometrial cystic hyperplasia and chronic endometritis. In regard to the diagnostic findings, therapeutic option and postoperative care performed in this case, it is important to emphasize the fact that an early diagnosis of a reproductive disease contributes to proper treatment and a positive outcome. The endometrial polyp with cystic endometrial hyperplasia and chronic endometritis should be added to the list of differential diagnoses in cases where neoplasia of the reproductive system is suspected in an APH.
Testicular tumors are the most common genital neoplasms in male dogs, with Leydig cell tumors (LCT), seminomas (SEM), and Sertoli cell tumors (SCT) the most common forms. Human SEM are classified as ...classical (CSEM) or spermatocytic (SSEM). Intratubular germ cell neoplasia of undifferentiated origin (IGCNU) is another form of human testicular tumor. The aim of this study was to verify that CSEM/SSEM classification is valid in dogs and confirm the existence of canine IGCNU.
Testicular tumors were found in 46% of dogs at necropsy and accounted for 7% of tumors biopsied. The median age of dogs with tumors at necropsy was 10.16 years; median age at positive biopsy was 10.24 years. The most common tumors, in decreasing order, were LCT, mixed tumors, SEM and SCT at necropsy, and SEM, SCT, mixed tumors, LCT, peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and teratoma in the biopsy group. IGCNU was found in 3% of testicles at necropsy and in 3% of biopsy samples. Two dogs had testicular tumor metastasis. Expression of c-KIT was most common in SEM and seminomatous components of mixed tumors. PLAP was mostly expressed in IGCNU, SEM, teratoma, and some mixed tumors. Cytokeratin was mainly expressed in SCT. CD30 expression was low in both groups.
The high tumor incidence at necropsy can be attributed to older age. Tumor incidence in biopsy samples, dog age, and histological classification were consistent with previous studies. The higher incidence of SEM and SCT in the biopsy group probably resulted from the obvious clinical expression of these tumor types. The low incidence of metastasis confirmed the predominance of benign tumors. Low CD30 expression confirmed the low incidence of testicular embryonal carcinoma. Cytokeratin helps differentiate stromal tumors, especially SCT, from germ cell tumors. Histology and c-KIT and PLAP expression indicate that IGCNU exists in dogs. Expression of c-KIT and PLAP confirmed that CSEM and SSEM classification is valid in dogs.
HOHSTETER, M., I.-C. SOSTARI C -ZUCKERMANN, S. RELJIC, L. MEDVEN ZAGRADISNIK, B. ARTUKOVIC, Z. GRABAREVIC, J. KUSAK, D. HUBER, A. GUDAN KURILJ: Intestinal adenocarcinoma in a European brown bear ...(Ursus arctos) - a case report. Vet. arhiv 88, 569-579, 2018. This article presents the first case of intestinal adenocarcinoma in a free living, culled 12 year old, European female brown bear (Ursus arctos), with its characteristic macropathological and histopathological manifestations. Necropsy revealed thoracic gunshot injuries (compassionate shot) and the poor physical condition of the animal, with body fat loss and musculature atrophy. An infiltrative mass protruded the jejunal wall with infiltration of the mesentery, visceral and parietal peritoneum, and distal parts of the colon and rectum. The histopathological examination presented an infiltrative, unencapsulated, moderately cellular neoplastic mass, composed of an epithelial cell population, forming irregular nests, papillary and ribbon like structures and small number of tubules, surrounded by an extensive desmoplastic reaction. Within the tumor a small number of cysts filled with mucin were noted. The epithelial neoplastic cells exhibited mild anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, and a low mitotic index. Histochemical Van Gieson staining showed strong positivity in the desmoplastic proliferation. The epithelial tumor cells were positively imunostained with cytokerain, and stromal cells with vimentin. The histological features presented are characteristic of intestinal adenocarcinomas, of the mixed tubular and mucinous type, with a prominent scirrous reaction. Key words: intestinal adenocarcinoma; European brown bear (Ursus arctos); macropathology; histopathology; immunohistochemistry
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