Objectives: Stimulated mono‐ and polymorphonuclear cells from patients with periodontitis have shown increased release of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and oxygen radicals, respectively. The aim was to ...study whether this hyper‐reactivity could be found both in mono‐ and polymorphonuclear cells from the same patient, and whether there was a relation to the gene coding for IL‐1β (IL‐1β+3953).
Material and Methods: Peripheral mononuclear cells from 14 non‐smoking and well‐treated patients and pair‐matched controls were incubated with opsonized Staphylococcus aureus and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Released IL‐1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were determined with ELISA. Generation of oxygen radicals from the Fcγ‐receptor‐stimulated neutrophils was measured with chemiluminescence and the polymorphism at IL‐1β+3953 was measured with polymerase chainreaction.
Results: The mononuclear cells from the patients released more IL‐1β after incubation with LPS (p<0.001) and with bacteria (p<0.05). The release of TNF‐α tended to be higher in the patient group. The peripheral neutrophils from the patients generated more oxygen radicals (p<0.06). We found no differences between the study groups regarding the IL‐1β+3953 polymorphism.
Conclusion: The similarity in systemic inflammation between patients and controls suggests that the increased release/generation of IL‐1β and oxygen radicals from peripheral leukocytes in periodontitis patients is of a constitutional nature and of pathogenic relevance.
The D0 Silicon Microstrip Tracker Ahmed, S.N.; Aoki, M.; Åsman, B. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2011, Letnik:
634, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper describes the mechanical design, the readout chain, the production, testing and the installation of the Silicon Microstrip Tracker of the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. ...In addition, we describe the performance and operational experience of the detector during the experiment data collection between 2001 and 2010.
Abstract
Objective:
In other studies, we have found deviant functions in peripheral neutrophils in periodontitis. The aim here was to study (1) the release of cytokines, IL‐8 and TNFα, from ...neutrophils in 15 treated periodontitis patients and pair‐matched controls as well as (2) the effects of cigarette smoking.
Material and methods:
Cytokines released in the incubation medium from un‐stimulated and Fcγ‐R‐stimulated neutrophils and some acute‐phase reactants were measured with ELISA.
Results:
Non‐smoking patients had trends for lower TNFα release compared to non‐smoking controls, while corresponding trends were rather similar for Il‐8. Smoking had a moderate but inconsistent effect on the release of both cytokines. However, in patients, the ratio between stimulated/un‐stimulated release of Il‐8 was significantly lowered by smoking (
p
<0.03). The parameters of inflammation in plasma differed only slightly between patients and controls, indicating that periodontal disease in a quiet phase has a negligible systemic effect with the possible exception for a higher IL‐8 level. In contrast, smoking had significant systemic effect on the neutrophil count and IgG levels.
Conclusions:
Release of IL‐8 and TNF‐α from peripheral neutrophils and various parameters of inflammation in plasma seem to be affected more by cigarette smoking than periodontal disease.
Zusammenfassung
Ziele:
In anderen Studien fanden wir abweichende Funktionen bei peripheren Neutrophilen bei einer Parodontitis. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, (1) die Freisetzung von den Cytokinen IL‐8 und TNF‐α von Neutrophilen bei 15 Parodontitis‐Patienten und gepaarten Kontrollen sowie (2) die Effekte des Zigarettenrauchens zu prüfen.
Material und Methoden:
Die Cytokine, die in ein Inkubationsmedium von unstimulierten sowie Fcγ‐R‐stimulierten Neutrophilen freigesetzt wurden, und einige akute Phase Proteine wurden mit ELISA gemessen.
Ergebnisse:
Nicht‐rauchende Patienten hatten Zeichen einer niedrigeren TNF‐α Freisetzung verglichen zu den nicht reuchenden Kontrollen, während die korespondierenden Zeichen für IL‐8 eher ähnlich waren. Rauchen hatte einen moderaten, aber uneinheitlichen Effekt auf die Freisetzung der beiden Cytokine. Bei Patienten war jedoch das Verhältnis zwischen stimulierter/unstimulierter Freisetzung von IL‐8 signifikant niedriger bei Rauchern (
p
<0.03). Die Parameter der Entzündung im Plasma unterschieden sich nur schwach zwischen Patienten und Kontrollen, was zeigt, dass die parodontale Erkrankung in einer Ruhephase nur einen unbedeutenden systemischen Effekt mit einer möglichen Ausnahme für einen höheren IL‐8 Level hat. Im Gegensatz dazu hat Rauchen einen signifikanten systemischen Effekt auf den Gehalt der Neutrophilen und die IgG Level.
Zusammenfassung:
Die Freisetzung von IL‐8 und TNF‐α von peripheren Neutrophilen und verschiedenen Parametern der Entzündung im Plasma scheinen mehr vom Zigaretterauchen als von parodontaler Erkrankung beeinflusst zu werden.
Résumé
But:
Lors d'autres études, nous avons trouvé des fonctions anormales des neutrophiles périphériques lors des parodontites. Le but ici était d'étudier (1) le relargage des cytokines, IL‐8 et TNFα, des neutrophiles chez 15 patients traités pour parodontite et des contrôles équivalents, mais aussi (2) les effets du tabagisme.
Matérieaux et méthodes:
Les cytokines relarguées dans la milieu d'incubation à partir des neutrophiles non stimulés et stimulés par Fcγ‐R et quelques réagents de la phase aigue ont été mesurés par ELISA.
Resultats:
Les patients non‐fumeurs montraient des signes de moindre relargage de TNFα, par rapport aux contrôles non‐fumeurs, alors que les signes correspondants étaient plutot similaires pour l'IL‐8. Le tabagisme avait un effet modéré mais inconstant sur le relargage des deux cytokines. Cependant, chez les patients, le taux entre le relargage “stimulé/non stimulé”était significativement abaissé par le tabagisme (
p
<0.03). Les paramètres de l'inflammation dans le plasma étaient seulement légèrement différents entre les patients et les contrôles, indiquant que la maladie parodontale en phase de rémission avait un effet systèmique négligeable ormis peut être un niveau plus important d'IL‐8. Au contraire, le tabagisme avait un effet systèmique significatif sur le comptage des neutrophiles et les niveaux d'IgG.
Conclusions:
Le relargage d'IL‐8 et TNFα des neutrophiles périphériques et diverse paramètres de l'inflammation dans le plasma semblent être affectés plus par le tabagisme que par la maladie parodontale.
. We have earlier reported a higher Fcγ‐receptor (FcγR)‐mediated generation of reactive oxygen species, measured as luminol‐enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) from peripheral neutrophils in adult ...periodontitis patients. The aims of this study were to confirm our previous results and lo elucidate the mechanism of this phenomenon by measuring CL in parallel with the intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide, after stimulation with opsonized bacteria. To determine whether the higher CL was associated with altered responsiveness to priming, the cells were preincubated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). While CL was significantly higher in subjects with periodontitis, there was no difference in hydrogen peroxide production between the patients and the controls, indicating that the hyperreactivity is related to the generation of other oxygen species than H2O2 and/or to processes in the outer cell membrane. The responsiveness to priming with LPS on CL was slightly but not significantly higher in the periodontitis group, suggesting that priming could be of value for distinguishing subjects with periodontitis. When assaying intracellular production of H2O2, TNFα and LPS had both a priming and an activating effect. There were no significant differences between the two groups. In conclusion, this study shows a higher FcγR‐mediated CL of peripheral neutrophils from adult patients with periodontitis, thus confirming our earlier results. The hyperreactivity seems to be related to the outer cell membrane or to oxygen species other than H2O2.
Background: We have previously found hyperreactive neutrophils, intrinsic or induced, in periodontitis patients by in vitro quantitation of free oxygen radicals. The effects of periodontitis and ...cigarette smoking on blood parameters have generally been described separately. Our aim was to compare these systemic effects of periodontitis and cigarette smoking, separately and in combination, in order to study the hyperreactivity in peripheral neutrophils.
Methods: Blood cells and acute‐phase proteins were studied in 40 periodontitis patients and 43 healthy controls. The generation of free oxygen radicals from neutrophils was measured as luminolenhanced chemiluminescence (CL) after activation of their Fcγ receptors with opsonized Staphylococcus aureus.
Results: An increase in CL in peripheral neutrophils from periodontitis patients was confirmed. Smoking had no significant effect on CL. The periodontitis patients had higher concentrations of C‐reactive protein (CRP) than the controls. ANOVA analysis showed that the increase in neutrophil count, haptoglobin, and α‐1 antitrypsin levels was significantly influenced by cigarette smoking. IgG2 was lower in patients than in controls (P <0.017, ANOVA), and there was an interaction between periodontitis and smoking (P <0.047, ANOVA). The lower concentration of IgG2 in patients who smoke may impair neutrophil function and be a mechanism by which smoking aggravates periodontitis.
Conclusions: In general, the combination of periodontitis and cigarette smoking alters the parameters studied. The effects of periodontitis on CRP and IgG2 means that periodontal lesions may also leak agents, priming the peripheral neutrophils to increased CL. J Periodontol 1999;70:1355‐1360.
. The influence of smoking on the activity of the gingival neutrophils in young periodontally healthy adults was studied. The neutrophil activity was measured in terms of the gingival crevicular ...fluid (GCF) levels of elastase, lactoferrin (LF), a‐1‐antitrypsin (a‐1‐AT), α‐2‐macroglobulin (α‐2 MG) and protein. 30 healthy dental students with no clinical signs of periodontitis, 15 smokers (8 women and 7 men) aged 20–32 years and 15 non‐smokers (7 women and 8 men) aged 22–31 years, volunteered to take part in the investigation. The gingival inflammation was registered at 6 sites and the GCF volume was collected from the same sites. The GCF volume was measured with a Periotron 6000®. The elastase activity was measured with a chromogenic low molecular substrate and the LF, α‐1‐AT, α‐2‐MG levels were determined with ELISA. The protein concentration was measured by the Bradford method.The results showed a statistically significantly lower GCF volume among smokers as compared to non‐smokers. No significant difference was found in the elastase activity/μl of the GCF supernatant between smokers and non‐smokers but there was a large inter‐individual variation. Nor did the concentrations of LF, α‐1‐AT, 7alpha;‐2‐MG and protein per μl GCF differ significantly between the 2 groups. The results suggest that the influence of smoking on the examined factors associated with neutrophil activity is limited under healthy or slightly inflamed gingival conditions giving only small amounts of GCF.
Host-defence defects in hidradenitis suppurativa patients have been suspected, but not proven. Activated neutrophils can destroy the surrounding tissues by a release of reactive oxygen species and ...active proteases. Peripheral neutrophils from 15 female patients (mean age 46, range 27-57 years) in an inactive state of their hidradenitis suppurativa, were studied and compared with 15 age-matched healthy female controls. There were no significant differences between patients and controls in the assessments of intracellular elastase activity, total content of antigenic elastase or release of elastase. Furthermore, no differences were found in total content and membrane expression of the receptors measured. The generation of free oxygen radicals, after stimulation with the protein kinase C activator phorbol myristate acetate, was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls, while there was no difference after Fc-receptor-mediated stimulation. Dysfunctional neutrophils might be involved in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa, but the findings should be interpreted with caution because of the small number of observed cases.
We report the results of a search for associated production of charginos and neutralinos using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb(-1) collected with the Demptyset ...experiment during Run II of the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider. Final states containing three charged leptons and missing transverse energy are probed for a signal from supersymmetry with four dedicated trilepton event selections. No evidence for a signal is observed, and we set limits on the product of production cross section and leptonic branching fraction. Within minimal supergravity, these limits translate into bounds on m(0) and m(1/2) that are well beyond existing limits.
. The main object of this study was to determine if there was a difference between patients with adult periodontitis and healthy controls in the release of elastase. We also wanted to test the ...release of α1‐antitrypsin and lactoferrin from in vitro‐activated peripheral neutrophils. A leukocyte‐rich preparation from venous blood was made by lysing the red blood cells. The leukocytes were stimulated for 1 h at 37°C with opsonized Staphylococcus aureus and the released elastase was measured with a chromogenic substrate. The release of elastase after stimulation with bacteria was significantly higher in patients than in controls. The amounts of elastase from unstimulated cells, i.e., both released extracellularly and extracted from the pellet, were similar in the 2 groups. However, after stimulation, the amount of elastase in the patient group, but not in the control group, was significantly increased. Similar releases of α‐1‐antitrypsin (A1AT) and lactoferrin were found in both groups of subjects. In conclusion, this study shows that peripheral neutrophils from patients with adult periodontitis release more active elastase after in vitro activation compared to healthy controls. The release of A1AT and lacto‐ferrin showed no differences, indicating that the increased elastase activity was not due to a impaired inhibition by A1AT and that the differences in degranulation were limited to the primary granula.
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