Qualitative Data Auerbach, Carl; Silverstein, Louise B
2003, Letnik:
21
eBook
Qualitative Data is meant for the novice researcher who needs guidance on what specifically to do when faced with a sea of information. It takes readers through the qualitative research process, ...beginning with an examination of the basic philosophy of qualitative research, and ending with planning and carrying out a qualitative research study. It provides an explicit, step-by-step procedure that will take the researcher from the raw text of interview data through data analysis and theory construction to the creation of a publishable work.
The volume provides actual examples based on the authors' own work, including two published pieces in the appendix, so that readers can follow examples for each step of the process, from the project's inception to its finished product. The volume also includes an appendix explaining how to implement these data analysis procedures using NVIVO, a qualitative data analysis program.
This paper addresses a question posed by the increase of democratic backsliding: whether democracy itself is compatible with human nature. It analyses democracy as a layered system consisting of ...three levels: the political/institutional, the social/interactional and the psychological/intrapsychic. At each level it uses evolutionary theory to describes features of a ‘light side’ of human nature that makes democracy possible, and of a ‘dark side’ of human nature that leads to democratic backsliding. At the political/institutional level these features are the reduction of reactive aggression and the capacity for the intragroup stranger. At the social/interactional level they are the cultural evolution of cooperative norms and an inclusive group identity. At the psychological/intrapsychic level they are the coherent, continuous positive self-experiences produced by shared positive emotions. However, these mechanisms can misfire at each level, producing the dark side that leads to democratic backsliding.
Kazdin pointed out that the requirement for evidence-based practice (EBP) has made the long-standing gap between research and practice in clinical psychology even more salient. He offered several ...strategies for bridging this gap: investigating mechanisms and moderators of therapeutic change, and qualitative research. We agree that qualitative research can be useful in bridging the gap between research and clinical practice (Silverstein & Auerbach, 2007; Silverstein, Auerbach, & Levant, 2006). In this comment we discuss using qualitative research to develop EBP that is culturally competent.
This paper analyses populism as a layered system with three levels: the political/institutional, the social/interactional, and the psychological/intrapsychic. Each level is theorized using a specific ...analytic concept, At the political/institutional level the analytic concept is ideology, and populism is theorized as a 'thin ideology' that divides society into the pure people and the corrupt elite. At the social/interactional level the analytic concept is social identity and populism is theorized as a form of identity politics in which devalued social groups develop a compensatory positive identity based on populist ideology. At the psychological/intrapsychic level the analytic concept is psychic structure, in which individuals use a paranoid/schizoid psychic structure that allows them to ward off the negative effects associated with their devalued social identity. Each analytic concept has the same deep structure: a binary polar opposition in which one pole is positive and good and the other pole is negative and bad.
This paper develops a theory of how democratic governance is possible. It analyses democracy as a laminated system consisting of three interdependent levels - the political/institutional, the ...social/interactional, and the psychological/intrapsychic - each of which is necessary for the others to exist. Each level is subject to a regulatory principle that is necessary for it to function appropriately. At the political/institutional level, competing political parties must be governed by the regulatory principle of 'loser's consent,' in which the losing party must agree to cede power to the winning party. At the social/interactional level individuals from opposing political parties must be governed by the regulatory principle of a superordinate identity as citizen, which allows them to transcend their partisan political identities. At the psychological/intrapsychic level individuals must be governed by the regulatory principle of mutuality/thirdness which allows the possibility of an alternative to the binary identities that result from the doer/done-to position.
This paper addresses the question of why democracy is desirable in terms of a relational theory of democracy. The theory draws on concepts from Aristotelian, critical realist, and psychoanalytic ...theory. From Aristotle it takes the concepts of human flourishing and human virtues; from critical realism it takes the concepts of relational subjects and relational goods; from psychoanalysis it takes the concept of mutuality. The relational theory argues that democracy, particularly deliberative democracy, is desirable because it requires and facilitates the development of citizens with the relational capacity of mutuality. The theory is developed sequentially in the following four theses. (1) The function of government is to promote the flourishing of its citizens. (2) Human flourishing results from citizens having access to relational goods. (3) Access to relational goods requires that citizens possess the relational capacity of mutuality. (4) Deliberative democracy is desirable because it both requires and facilitates mutuality,
Meaning-making and social support have been shown to mediate between traumatic stress and the onset and course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research has been relatively ...unsuccessful in identifying specific and recurring sociocontextual variables for populations vulnerable to trauma. This qualitative study examined how social support and the social environment are associated with meaning-making among veterans. Semistructured interviews were completed with 12 U.S. combat veterans who served in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) or Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). The interviews collected information about the sociocontextual meaning ascribed to traumatic experiences as well as the sociocontextual development of the veterans' postcombat identity. The theoretical narrative that emerged from the qualitative analysis yielded 2 broad constructs: "Becoming Battle Ready" and "Making the Journey Home." These constructs illustrated the ways in which the social context either facilitated or inhibited how veterans made meaning of combat stressors and postcombat identity. There was no evidence for meaning-making processes that took place on a purely individual level. These findings support the use of interventions that incorporate the social context into traditional trauma treatments.
This qualitative research study deals with female survivors of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. It examines dissociation and identity change in these women before, during, and after the ...genocide. Three theories were used to frame the findings. The 1st was assumptive world theory (
R. Janoff-Bulman, 1992
), which postulates that traumatic events may shatter people's everyday assumptions about the world. The 2nd was catastrophic dissociation theory (
G. Boulanger, 2007
), which refers to the gradual breakdown of the self as it repeatedly "experiences its psychic foundations in ways that do not happen in the average expectable life" (G.
Boulanger, 2008
,p. 646). The 3rd was structural dissociation theory (
O. Van der Hart, E. R. S. Nijenhuis, & K. Steele, 2006
), which postulates that when people encounter events that they cannot integrate into their mental lives, their personality may fragment and divide. The data were transcripts of interviews with 30 female genocide survivors. Data analysis revealed that these women experienced trauma-induced identity transformations. Before the genocide, they existed as a "Civilized Self," with a stable identity in a secure, assumptive world. During the genocide, they existed as a "Survivor Self," the massive trauma of the genocide having disrupted their prior self-experience and identity. After the genocide, they existed as an "Aftermath Self," in which their Civilized and Survivor Selves coexisted in an unintegrated, dissociated form.
The authors are grateful to Foundation Rwanda for providing them with the interview material and to the Rwandan survivors who shared their stories.
Recent trauma research has begun to investigate the possibility of posttraumatic growth. However, most studies have investigated posttraumatic growth using quantitative methods and thus have ...neglected people’s subjective experience and have left unexamined post-traumatic growth in persons with visible impairment. To fill some of these gaps, the authors examined the process of recovery and posttraumatic growth using a qualitative method. They interviewed 10 participants with visible impairment from chronic illness or serious injury using a semistructured interview. Using a grounded theory data analysis procedure, the authors developed a stage model of trauma and recovery from the interviews. The stages that emerged are thematically entitled Apprehension, Diagnosis and Devastation, Choosing to Go On, Building a Way to Live, and Integration of the Trauma and Expansion of the Self. The authors discuss limitations of the study and clinical implications for psychological counseling with this population.
Deconstructing the Essential Father Silverstein, Louise B; Auerbach, Carl F
The American psychologist,
06/1999, Letnik:
54, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Neoconservative social scientists have claimed that fathers are essential to positive child development and that responsible fathering is most likely to occur within the context of heterosexual ...marriage. This perspective is generating a range of governmental initiatives designed to provide social support preferences to fathers over mothers and to heterosexual married couples over alternative family forms. The authors propose that the neoconservative position is an incorrect or oversimplified interpretation of empirical research. Using a wide range of cross-species, cross-cultural, and social science research, the authors argue that neither mothers nor fathers are essential to child development and that responsible fathering can occur within a variety of family structures. The authors conclude with alternative recommendations for encouraging responsible fathering that do not discriminate against mothers and diverse family forms.
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