The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on some hematological parameters, and define the percentage of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positive ...lymphocytes in rats that had been exposed to cadmium (Cd). Thirty-two (n = 32) male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups as the control (C), chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), cadmium (Cd), and Cd + COS (CdCOS) groups. Blood samples were collected to assess erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), hemoglobin levels (HGB), hematocrit values (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelets (PLT), and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positive lymphocytes. The number of WBCs significantly increased in the Cd group compared to the C, CdCOS, and COS groups (P<0.05). Although the lymphocyte count decreased significantly in the Cd group (P<0.05), it was ameliorated by COS treatment in the CdCOS group compared to the Cd group (P<0.05). Also, the percentage of peripheral blood ANAE positive lymphocytes decreased significantly in the CdCOS and Cd groups (P<0.05). COS exhibits a partially protective effect on some hematological characteristics, apart from the percentage of ANAE positive lymphocyte in cases of chronic Cd exposure.
To determine the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and awareness for risk factors associated with cystic echinococcosis (CE) among animal breeders, nurses, nursing students, dietitians, food ...professionals and other public groups in Turkey. Methods: Questionnaire forms were prepared in compliance with the individuals' diversity, and a survey was created about agents, transmission modes, epidemiology, treatment, and risk factors for CE. The descriptive survey was performed between May 2015 and May 2016 by face-to-face communication. Data were collected from a total of 647 individuals, including 95 animal breeders, 92 nurses, 249 nursing students, 49 dietitians, 28 food professionals and 134 people from other public groups from Turkey. Survey data were evaluated in terms of percentages and means and analyzed by the Pearson's chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test to determine the relationships between questionnaire answers and socio-demographic attributes, such as age, gender, educational level, and profession. Non-categorical variables were compared via Spearman's rho correlation analysis with statistical significance set at the 0.05 level. Results: We determined low awareness for vegetable washing, raw vegetables and offal consumption, informative courses, contact with dogs, and administration of antiparasitic drugs to dogs. Conclusion: The participants of this survey were found to be with insufficient knowledge regarding risk factors of CE. We advocate the implementation of training programs to improve public awareness on this important disease.
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the liver occurs after a prolonged period of ischemia followed by restoration of hepatic blood perfusion. During the surgery of abdominal aorta, I/R injury causes ...damage to lower extremities and many organs, especially liver. The antioxidant and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) suppression effects of topiramate (TPM) have been reported in several studies. We evaluated the potential protective effect of TPM on cellular damage in liver tissue during I/R injury.
Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: Control, I/R, and I/R plus TPM (I/R + TPM) groups. Laparotomy without I/R injury was performed in the control group. After laparotomy, cross-ligation of infrarenal abdominal aorta was applied for 2 h in I/R groups that was followed by 2 h of reperfusion. TPM (100 mg/kg/day) was orally administrated to the animals in the I/R + TPM group for seven consecutive days before I/R procedure.
The I/R group's TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly higher than those of the control (P = 0.010; P = 0.002) and I/R + TPM groups (P = 0.010; P = 0.002, respectively). Asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) levels of I/R group were higher than the control (P = 0.015) and I/R + TPM groups. I/R caused serious histopathological damage to liver tissue; however, TPM led to very low histopathological changes.
Our data demonstrated that TPM treatment prominently decreases the severity of liver I/R injury. TPM pretreatment may have preventive effects on liver injury via I/R during intra-abdominal surgery.
Aims: Due to the liver's rich blood supply, the control of inflow is mandatory if major resection is being planned. In this regard, temporary portal triad clamping is widely used. However, ...ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in the liver is inevitable following interruption. Remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was shown to ameliorate injury in the target organ in various animal models. This experimental animal study was conducted to determine optimal preconditioning frequency to use in liver surgery that promotes potential mediators associated with protection. Methods: Male Wistar-Albino rats (n=72) were divided into 8 groups. In group 1 (sham), only the left lobe of the liver was resected without any preconditioning. In group 2, the left lobe of the liver was resected using 30 min of portal triad clamping. In other groups, prior to resection using the same procedure with group 2, 6 different remote IPC protocols (5 to 10 min ischemia plus 10 to 20 min reperfusion) were applied by clamping the femoral artery. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) level analysis, liver function tests, and histological examination were performed using the TUNEL staining to study apoptosis. Results: Compared to group 2, serum serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 level analysis and liver function tests did not show any difference. There was also no difference between the intervention groups and controls in histopathologic examination and apoptotic cell counts. Conclusions: Remote IPC protocols we studied in this experiment did not blunt hepatic IRI in rodents. Keywords: Remote ischemic preconditioning, liver surgery, ischemia-reperfusion injury
This study evaluates one of the most important emerging markets, India (Bombay Stock Exchange and Indian National Exchange), for its efficiency and for its potential to offer diversification benefits ...to international investors. Market-wide tests include; 1) contemporaneous relationship, 2) Granger type causality and 3) day-of-the-week effect. Tests on individual Indian stocks include: 1) panel estimation of Granger causality, 2) stock-by-stock estimation of Granger causality and 3) runs test. In sum, Indian markets are well integrated with the international equity markets, a characteristic that lowers the international diversification benefits. While day-of-the-week effect is an international spillover, it may be possible to predict individual Indian stocks' returns through causality with international equity markets and through momentum trading techniques.
Histology of the Harderian gland of domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) Boydak, M.,University of Selcuk, Konya (Turkey). Dept. of Histology and Embryology; Aydin, M.F.,University of Harran, Sanliurfa (Turkey). Dept. of Histology and Embryology
Acta veterinaria Brno,
06/2009, Letnik:
78, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Tissues of Harderian glands were obtained from domestic geese (9 adult males and 9 adult females) and processed for light microscopy in order to study the histology of the glands. Tissue sections ...were stained with Mallory's trichrome, silver impregnation, methyl green-pyronin, periodic acid Schiff, alcian blue (pH 2.5), alcian blue/periodic acid Schiff (pH 2.5) and Sudan black B staining techniques. Our results revealed that the gland was covered by a capsule, trabeculae divided the organ into lobes and lobules. The glandular epithelium was multilobular, compound tubuloalveolar. The secretion of the gland was mucous and the secretion type was apocrine; the gland emptied to the inner surface of the nicticating membrane by a single duct.
Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti učinak oligosaharida hitozana (COS) na određene hematološke pokazatelje odnosno
postotak limfocita pozitivnih na alfa-naftil-acetat-esterazu (ANAE) u štakora izloženih ...kadmiju (Cd). Mužjaci (n = 32)
pasmine Wistar albino, slučajnim odabirom podijeljeni su u četiri skupine: kontrolnu (C), skupinu s oligosaharidom
hitozanom (COS), skupinu s kadmijem (Cd) i skupinu s kadmijem i oligosaharidom hitozanom (CdCOS). Prikupljeni
su uzorci krvi kako bi se odredili eritrociti (RBC), leukociti (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematokrit (HCT), prosječni
hemoglobin u eritrocitima (MCH) i njegova koncentracija (MCHC), prosječan obujam eritrocita (MCV), trombociti
(PLT), te limfociti pozitivni na alfa-naftil-acetat-esterazu (ANAE). Broj leukocita znakovito je porastao u skupini
Cd u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom te skupinama C, CdCOS, i COS (P < 0,05). Iako je broj limfocita znakovito
smanjen u skupini Cd (P < 0,05), to je ublaženo primjenom COS-a u skupini CdCOS u usporedbi sa skupinom Cd (P <
0,05). Također, postotak limfocita iz periferne krvi pozitivnih na ANAE znakovito je smanjen u skupinama CdCOS i
Cd (P < 0,05). COS je, u slučaju kronične izloženosti štakora kadmiju, pokazao djelomice zaštitni učinak na određene
hematološke značajke, osim na postotak limfocita pozitivnih na ANAE.
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dual-phase 99mTc-methoxyisobutylnitrile (MIBI) parathyroid scintigraphy (PS) and ultrasound (US) in primary (pHPT) and secondary (sHPT) ...hyperparathyroidism.
Methods
A total of 69 patients (mean age 47 ± 16; age range 14–79 years), including 19 patients with sHPT were enrolled in this study. Preoperative serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels, calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), alkaline phosphatase, and 24-h urinary-free Ca measurements were obtained. Concomitant thyroid pathology was also recorded.
Results
Histopathology revealed 30 solitary adenomas and 71 hyperplastic glands in 55 patients. The remaining patients’ histopathology revealed normal parathyroid, thyroid, or lymph nodes. The sensitivities of MIBI and US in pHPT were 70% and 60%, respectively. It was 60% for both procedures in sHPT. The overall sensitivity of combined US + MIBI in pHPT and sHPT was 81% and 71%, respectively. The overall specificity of MIBI and US was 87% and 91%; positive predictive value (PPV) was 94% and 92%, respectively. MIBI and US identified the parathyroid pathology in 92% and 85% of patients in the non-concomitant thyroid disease group, and in 53% and 47% of patients in the concomitant thyroid disease group, respectively. The weight of the gland between primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism did not reveal a significant difference (
P
= 0.4). Significant differences were found with respect to age, PTH, Ca, and P levels between the pHPT and sHPT (
P
< 0.001). Intact PTH levels showed significant differences between MIBI positive and negative patients (
P
= 0.013), and also US positive and negative patients (
P
= 0.012). A significant negative correlation was found between iPTH and Ca at sHPT (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusions
The concomitancy of thyroid disease greatly influences scintigraphic and ultrasonographic detection of parathyroid pathology in pHPT and sHPT. The combination of MIBI and US appears promising for localizing parathyroid pathology in patients with both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The concordance rate is high together with a lower chance of missing concomitant thyroid pathology, which might alter the surgical approach.
A novel micro-extraction technique for a rapid and sensitive analysis of diclofenac (DCF) in water samples has been developed. DCF was derivatized and extracted simultaneously using vortex-assisted ...liquid-liquid micro-extraction (VALLME) prior to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. The effects of extraction solvent volume, extraction and derivatization time and ionic strength of the sample were studied using 2
factorial experimental design. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: 200 μL of chloroform, 25 μL of
-methyl-
-trimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) derivatization reagent, vortex extraction and derivatization time 5 min at 3000 rpm. The extraction recovery for different fortification levels was 98 %. Also, the proposed micro-extraction method exhibited results comparable with the solid phase extraction of real water samples. The proposed one-step VALLME and derivatization method is simpler and faster than the conventional extraction and derivatization methods used for the determination of DCF in real water samples.
It has been proposed that salicylic acid (SA) acts as an endogenous signal molecule responsible for inducing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The effect of varying salicylic acid (SA) supply (0, ...0.1, 0.5 and 1.0
mM) on growth, mineral uptake, membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, H
2O
2 concentration, UV-absorbing substances, chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations of NaCl (40
mM) stressed maize (
Zea mays L.) was investigated. Exogenously applied SA increased plant growth significantly both in saline and non-saline conditions. As a consequence of salinity stress, lipid peroxidation, measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and membrane permeability was decreased by SA. UV-absorbing substances (UVAS) and H
2O
2 concentration were increased by increasing levels of SA. SA also strongly inhibited Na
+ and Cl
− accumulation, but stimulated N, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations of salt stressed maize plants. These results suggest that SA could be used as a potential growth regulator to improve plant salinity stress resistance.
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