Targeted Alpha Therapy is a therapy method that can be applied to late-stage cancers, including bone metastases, and it is a hope for millions of people. This study is an optimization that includes ...the interactions of bone tissue with characteristic alpha particles of 223Ra, 225Ac (together with their decay product), which are frequently preferred in Targeted Alpha Therapy that aim to destroy metastatic tumour tissue in bone tissue. This optimization is designed to analyse some events such as ion spacing of alpha particles that can only infiltrate into bone tissue, stopping power of the target, dose calculations and atomic displacement. To ensure accuracy, calculations such as mass stopping power and ionizing dose obtained from CASP, SRIM and ASTAR programs were also compared among themselves. And then, tissue doses were calculated in IDAC-Dose 2.1, taking into account the half-lives of the radioisotopes, the administered activity and the integration time. Alpha particles of 213Po had the highest ion spacing, while alpha particles of 223Ra had the lowest ion range.
•Targeted alpha therapy is a very popular treatment modality.•Ion behaviour was analysed with SRIM, ASTAR, CasP code.•Dose calculations, for administered activity and the integration time, were obtained with the IDAC-Dose 2.1 program.•Ion range and energy losses of alpha particles were analysed.
Lower extremities, especially the knee region, are susceptible to traumatic injuries because of long-lasting hard landings and impacts. Most of the injuries described in the literature are associated ...with ballet. In this review study, the authors tried to present the traumatic knee injury patterns of the Anatolian folk dance. The Fire of Anatolia dance group consists of 82 dancers (37 males 45.1% and 45 females 54.9%) with the mean age of 27.96 (SD = 5.05) years (range: 18-38 years). The major folk dances of the region are Zeybek, Halay, Horon, Teke, Roman, Karsilama, Bar and Lezginka ("the Caucasian"). The dancers suffered from 9 orthopedic injuries requiring surgical treatment (3 meniscus tears, 4 anterior cruciate ligament tears, 1 posterior cruciate ligament tear, 1 patellar dislocation) during a 10-year period. The authors investigated solely the traumatic injuries of these folk dance styles and aimed at revealing the traumatic knee injury patterns in this case series and literature review. On the one hand, the Anatolian folk dancers experienced meniscus tears following frequent squats and twists on single leg stances, typical of Horon and Zeybek. On the other hand, anterior cruciate tears happened after jumps and landings in the Caucasian (Lezginka jump) dance. A posterior cruciate ligament tear was also seen after the Caucasian dance landing. The split figure in the Karsilama dance ended up with patellar dislocation. Certain dance figures seem to be related to specific types of injuries. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(5):585-93.
Son zamanlarda nanopartiküllerin (NP)’lerin anaerobik sindirim (AS)’de biyogaz üretimi üzerinde verim artırmaya yönelik etkilerinin olduğu keşfedilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Fe3O4, ZnO ve SiO2 NP’lerin ...AS’ye olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Bazı NP’lerin yüksek konsantrasyonları toksik etki yapmaktadır. Bu nedenle substrat olarak kullanılan sığır gübresinin AS’de en iyi NP konsantrasyonlarını bulmak için Cevap yüzey yöntemi (CYY)’nin Box-Benkhen Tasarımı kullanılmıştır. CYY seçilen bir aralıktaki birkaç deney setine dayalı olarak işletim değişkenlerinden etkilenen yanıt yüzeyini en üst düzeye çıkaran değerli bir istatistiksel araçtır. Sonuç olarak bağımsız değişkenler için en iyi NP konsantrasyon değerleri SiO2 için 150 mg/l, Fe3O4 için 150 mg/l ve ZnO için 150 mg/l değerinde bulunmuştur. NP eklenmeden önceki biyogaz verimi 290 ml/g uçucu katı (UK) değerinde iken bağımsız değişkenlerin optimum koşullarında 320 ml/g UK değerinde tahmin edilmiştir. Varyans analizi ve yüksek regresyon katsayısı (%98), regresyon modeliyle deneysel değerlerin model tarafından iyi bir şekilde tahmin edildiğini doğrulamaktadır. Böylece gelecek çalışmalarda farklı NP’lerin AS’de etkilerinin birlikte incelenmesi önerilmektedir.
Recently, it has been discovered that nanoparticles (NPs) have efficiency-enhancing effects on biogas production in anaerobic digestion (AS). In this study, the effects of Fe3O4, ZnO and SiO2 NPs on AS were investigated. High concentrations of some NPs are toxic. Therefore, the Box-Benkhen Design of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to find the best NP concentrations in AD of cattle manure used as a substrate. RSM is a valuable statistical tool that maximizes the response surface affected by operating variables based on several sets of experiments within a selected range. As a result, the best NP concentration values for the independent variables were found to be 150 mg/L for SiO2, 150 mg/L for Fe3O4 and 150 mg/L for ZnO. While the biogas yield before adding NP was 290 ml/g volatile solids (VS), it was estimated at 320 mL/g VS under the optimum conditions of the independent variables. The analysis of variance and the high regression coefficient (98%) confirm that the experimental values are well predicted by the polynomial regression model. Thus, it is recommended to examine the effects of different NPs together in AS in future studies.
•This study unveils varying atomic densities and consumption rates linked to 235U enrichment in MOX fuel (60 % UO2 + 40 % ThO2).•The scarcity of plutonium production underscores the rising ...significance of thorium in nuclear security.•The study illuminates the complex interplay among fuel composition, uranium enrichment, and neutron flux dynamics.•Understanding these dynamics is essential for optimizing reactor performance and fuel cycle management.•Thorium offers heightened nuclear security with minimal plutonium production.
This study investigates the behavior of thorium-containing mixed oxide (TOX) fuels with different uranium (235U) enrichment levels in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs). Using SERPENT V2.2.0 and OpenMC Monte Carlo codes, analyses were performed on 232Th consumption, fission products, neutronic behaviors and effective multiplication factor (keff) at different 235U enrichment levels. The results highlight the subtle relationship between uranium enrichment, fuel composition and neutron flux, shedding light on depletion rates and fission product production. In particular, while higher 235U content enhances fission reactions, it also affects the presence of specific fission products such as 137Cs and 131I and influences nuclear absorption reactions leading to the production of isotopes such as 135Xe, 241Am, 237Np, 243Cm and 90Sr. These findings underline the complex interplay between fuel composition, neutron flux and nuclear properties and provide important insights for reactor optimization and fuel cycle management in PWRs.
Double differential cross-section calculations were performed for proton-induced reactions with 58Ni and 52Cr isotopes using Monte Carlo code PHITS 3.32 and TALYS 1.96. Comparative analyses with ...experimental data from the EXFOR library demonstrated the effectiveness of the CTFGM and BSFGM models in conjunction with the TALYS nuclear code program for (p,xn) reactions across all angular values. While the GSM model exhibited consistency regardless of the angle, FLUKA and PHITS showed some discrepancies depending on the angle, particularly at small angle values.
•The study investigates proton-induced reactions in 58Ni and 52Cr isotopes using Monte Carlo code PHITS 3.32, FLUKA and TALYS 1.96.•CTFGM and BSFGM Models: Showcased superior performance in (p, xn) reactions for both elements across all angles with the TALYS nuclear code program.•FLUKA and PHITS: Despite showing some inconsistencies depending on the angle, these codes exhibited success, particularly at smaller angle values.
A prospective randomized clinical study.
To determine whether shaving the incision site before spinal surgery causes postsurgical infection.
Spine surgeons usually shave the skin of the incision site ...immediately before surgery is performed. However, evidence from some surgical series suggests that presurgical shaving may increase the postsurgical infection rate. To our knowledge, no previously published studies have addressed this issue.
A total of 789 patients scheduled to undergo spinal surgery were randomly allocated into 2 groups: those in whom the site of operation was shaved immediately before surgery (shaved group; 371 patients) and the patients in whom presurgical shaving was not performed (unshaved group; 418 patients). The mean duration of anesthesia and the infection rates in both groups were recorded and compared.
The duration of anesthesia did not differ in the 2 groups (P > 0.05). A postoperative infection developed in 4 patients in the shaved group and in 1 patient in the nonshaved group (P < 0.01).
The shaving of the incision site immediately before spinal surgery may increase the rate of postoperative infection.
Nuclear structures with high performance materials will be critical for the success of future fusion energy. Zirconium alloys are extensively used for nuclear reactor core materials as fuel cladding ...and guide tubes due to excellent radiation and corrosion resistant properties. In this paper, the excitation functions of
90
Zr(n,2n)
89
Zr,
90
Zr(n,α)
87
Sr,
91
Zr(n,p)
91
Y and
92
Zr(n,p)
92
Y nuclear reactions were calculated for energies up to 25 MeV. Besides, ALICE/ASH and TALYS 1.6 codes were used for the cross section calculations. The obtained calculations were compared with the experimental data in the literature.
Double differential cross-section calculations were performed for proton-induced reactions with
Ni and
Cr isotopes using Monte Carlo code PHITS 3.32 and TALYS 1.96. Comparative analyses with ...experimental data from the EXFOR library demonstrated the effectiveness of the CTFGM and BSFGM models in conjunction with the TALYS nuclear code program for (p,xn) reactions across all angular values. While the GSM model exhibited consistency regardless of the angle, FLUKA and PHITS showed some discrepancies depending on the angle, particularly at small angle values.
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