Pozdní mateřství je fenoménem současnosti a bývá spojováno s životním stylem moderní společnosti. V zahraniční literatuře o něm bylo již mnoho napsáno, u nás však výzkumy věnující se podrobněji ...motivům vedoucím k pozdnímu rodičovství chybí. Tuto mezeru se snažila alespoň z části vyplnit diplomová práce, z níž vychází tento článek. Cílem práce bylo formou kvalitativního výzkumu přiblížit motivy žen, které mají své první dítě po pětatřicátém roce věku. Hlavní metodou použitou v tomto výzkumu byl polostrukturovaný rozhovor s deseti ženami. V odborné literatuře je v souvislosti s pozdním rodičovstvím zmiňováno pět základních aspektů: psychologické, sociodemografické, duchovní, biologické, medicínské a ekonomické.
Výzkum neprokázal jednoznačnou dominanci jediného faktoru. U šesti žen je možné hovořit o faktorech medicínských s tím, že z toho u čtyř žen byly tyto faktory kombinovány s hledáním správného partnera a s kariérou. Svou roli hrály také faktory psychologické, většinou v kombinaci s jinými faktory. Z výzkumu vyplývají některé návrhy do praxe. Speciální program pro starší matky by se například měl zaměřit na posílení identity, sebevědomí a rozvoj osobnosti. Ženy by měly dostat také informace týkající se pracovněprávní problematiky. Důležitý je realistický pohled na mateřství a příklon ke zdravému životnímu stylu.
Later motherhood is a present phenomenon, and it’s usually connected with modern life style. There was already a lot of written about this theme in foreign literature. Unfortunately, the studies revealing the motives, which lead to later motherhood in more details, are missing in Czech Republic. This study tries partly to fill this gap, which this article comes from. The aim of it is to introduce the motives of the women who have their first child after their 35th years by qualitative research. The main method used in this research is the semi structured interview with ten women. In professional literature five basic aspects are mentioned in the connection with the later parenthood: psychological, social demographic, spiritual, biological, medical and economical.
The research didn’t prove definite domination of one factor. In six cases, we can talk about medical factors whereas in four cases, these factors were combined with looking for the right partner and with career. The psychological factors played also its role, mostly not separately but in combination with other factors. From the research some proposals result for the practice. The special program for these women, should focus on strengthening of identity, self-confidence and personal development. The women should receive information concerning law-work affairs. They should also receive realistic view on motherhood and healthy lifestyles.
Vegetative regeneration of individual genotypes of Asian Reynoutria taxa, which are invasive in the Czech Republic, was studied in R. sachalinensis (five genotypes), R. japonica (a single genotype ...present in the country), and their hybrid R. xbohemica (nine genotypes). Identity of genotypes was confirmed by isozyme analysis. Ten rhizome segments of each genotype were planted in a randomized block design. After 30 d, the regeneration rate of each genotype was measured as the proportion of rhizomes that produced shoots. Emergence time and final mass of each shoot were recorded. The regeneration rate and final shoot mass were significantly affected by genotype in R. xbohemica but not in R. sachalinensis. In R. xbohemica, easily regenerating genotypes grew faster. Regeneration characteristics that crucially contribute to the fitness of these vegetatively spreading plants are closely related to each other. In genotypes with a low regeneration rate, early-emerging shoots produced more biomass, while in those with a high regeneration rate, shoot mass was independent of emergence time. Mean clone size recorded in the field was marginally significantly related to emergence time during regeneration; regeneration characteristics might thus affect the extent of R. xbohemica invasion at a regional scale. Hybrids genetically intermediate between the parents regenerated better than those closely related to parents. Novel hybrid invasive genotypes may be produced by rare sexual reproduction, fixed by clonal growth, and present a previously unknown threat to native vegetation.
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