This study investigates the relation among leadership style adoption; strategic decision-making and business performance from the generational ownership perspective of family business. Prior studies ...have attempted to establish the relation of leadership style adoption through firm’s working environment, with sparse literature on generational ownership. How does the generational shift impact performance? Is there a transition in leadership style? These need to be collated through strategic decision-making to understand their impact on business performance. The research employs a survey-based technique with data from owners of 100 large and medium family business firms. PLS-SEM is applied to analyse the relation of leadership style (considering organizational and attitudinal factors) through strategic decision-making on business performance. Two models were created, one from data collected from first generation owners and second from second generational owners. The results highlight that there is a shift in leadership style i.e., from Autocratic to Transformational style with the change in management control in the first and second generation. The outcomes indicate that autocratic leadership style and strategic decision-making explained 58.7 percent of business performance in the first generation and transformational leadership style predominated in second generation and this model explained 75.7 percent of variation in business performance. Since results imply that transformational leadership style dominated in second generation, a shift towards this style is preferable.The findings will act as a guideline for the new generations to accept how adopting a transformational leadership style through strategic decision-making may help improve family businesses performance.
In today’s world, Android has become the most significant and standard operating system for smartphones. The acceptance of the rapidly growing android system has outcome in a significant enhancement ...in the number of malware on comparing earlier days. There were several antimalware programs that are designed efficiently for protecting the sensitive data of the user in a mobile system from the occurrence of such attacks. Detection of malware system based on deep learning model along with the use of optimization technique is presented in this work. Initially, android malware dataset input is acquired and the normalization process is done. The feature selection is carried along with the optimization technique Recurrent Tuna Swarm Optimization. By this, an optimal selection of features can be attained.
A nitrogen-vacancy (NV(-)) centre in a nanodiamond, levitated in high vacuum, has recently been proposed as a probe for demonstrating mesoscopic centre-of-mass superpositions and for testing quantum ...gravity. Here, we study the behaviour of optically levitated nanodiamonds containing NV(-) centres at sub-atmospheric pressures and show that while they burn in air, this can be prevented by replacing the air with nitrogen. However, in nitrogen the nanodiamonds graphitize below ≈10 mB. Exploiting the Brownian motion of a levitated nanodiamond, we extract its internal temperature (T(i)) and find that it would be detrimental to the NV(-) centre's spin coherence time. These values of T(i) make it clear that the diamond is not melting, contradicting a recent suggestion. Additionally, using the measured damping rate of a levitated nanoparticle at a given pressure, we propose a new way of determining its size.
To investigate striatal adenosine A2A receptor availability in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) with and without levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). While providing effective relief from the ...motor symptoms of PD, chronic levodopa use is associated with development of LIDs. A2A receptors are expressed on the bodies of indirect pathway medium spiny striatal neurons and on dopamine terminals and play a role in modulating dopamine transmission. A2A antagonists have antiparkinsonian activity by boosting levodopa efficacy. We aimed to study A2A receptor availability in patients with PD with and without LIDs using PET and ¹¹CSCH442416, an A2A antagonist.
Six patients with PD with and 6 without LIDs were studied withdrawn 12 hours from medication. Their PET findings were compared with 6 age-matched healthy controls. Using spectral analysis, ¹¹CSCH442416 regional volumes of distribution (V(T)) were computed for the caudate, putamen, and thalamus and binding potentials (BP(ND)) reflecting the ratio of specific:nonspecific uptake were compared between groups.
A2A binding in the caudate and putamen of subjects with PD with LIDs was far higher (p = 0.026 and p = 0.036, respectively) than that of subjects with PD without LIDs, which lay within the control range. Thalamic A2A availability was similar for all 3 groups.
Patients with PD with LIDs show increased A2A receptor availability in the striatum. This finding is compatible with altered adenosine transmission playing a role in LIDs and provides a rationale for a trial of A2A receptor agents in the treatment of these motor complications.
Cells deficient in ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and other anti-cancer agents that induce double-strand DNA breaks. ATM inhibitors may therefore ...sensitize cancer cells to these agents. Some cancers may also have underlying genetic defects predisposing them to an ATM inhibitor monotherapy response. We have conducted a genome-wide CRISPR screen to identify genetic vulnerabilities that sensitize lung cancer cells to ATM inhibitors. Knockout of genes in the Fanconi anemia (FA)/BRCA pathway results in hypersensitivity to the ATM inhibitor M3541. Knockdown of either an FA gene or of ATM results in reduced double-strand break end resection, enhanced non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair, and decreased homologous recombination repair. Knockout of both the FA/BRCA pathway and ATM strongly inhibits end resection and generates toxic levels of NHEJ, thereby elucidating a mechanism of cellular death by synthetic lethality. ATM inhibitors may therefore be useful for the treatment of tumors with a defective FA/BRCA pathway.
Display omitted
•Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies determinants of ATM inhibitor sensitivity•Loss of Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway and ATM is synthetic lethal•ATM is required in FA-deficient cells to promote DNA end resection and HR repair•Loss of FA pathway and ATM results in accumulation of toxic levels of NHEJ
ATM inhibitors are currently in clinical development as anti-cancer agents. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen, Cai et al. demonstrate that cancer cells with Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway deficiency are sensitive to ATM inhibition. The authors also show that synthetic lethality between ATM and the FA pathway is due to reduced DNA resection and increased toxic NHEJ.
Polycrystalline p-type Sb
1.5
Bi
0.5
Te
3
(SBT) and n-type Bi
2
Te
2.7
Se
0.3
(BTS) compounds possessing layered crystal structure show anisotropic electronic and thermal transport properties. This ...research is in pursuit of better understanding the anisotropic thermal properties using Raman spectroscopy. A systematic Raman spectroscopic study of the hot-pressed pellet of the textured p-type SBT and n-type BTS is reported in both directions: parallel (|) and perpendicular ( ) to the pressing axis as a function of temperature and laser power. The first-order temperature coefficient, optical thermal conductivity, and phonon lifetime are qualitatively determined from the temperature and laser power-dependent frequency and full-width half maximum (FWHM) of Raman peaks (A
1
1g
, E
2
g
& A
2
1g
). Anisotropy in experimental phonon thermal conductivity in both directions is correlated with the approximated optical thermal conductivity, phonon lifetime and phonon anharmonicity. The anisotropy in phonon anharmonicity in both directions is explained by the modified Klemens-Hart-Aggarwal-Lax phonon decay model. In this study, the symmetric three-phonon scattering process is considered responsible for thermal transport in the temperature range of 300 to 473 K.
Polycrystalline p-type Sb
1.5
Bi
0.5
Te
3
(SBT) and n-type Bi
2
Te
2.7
Se
0.3
(BTS) compounds possessing layered crystal structure show anisotropic electronic and thermal transport properties.
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the spontaneous loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation, and affects 7.46 % of the Indian population. About 40–50 % of ...RPL cases are idiopathic making it a therapeutic challenge for clinicians. This study focuses on elucidating the role of hypoxia-associated placental angiogenesis in these idiopathic RPL cases.
Whole blood and product of conception (POCs) were collected from RPL patients (N = 87) and cases of voluntary abortions (medically terminated pregnancy, MTP; n = 110) as controls with informed consent. Serum separated from whole blood was used to study the ROS-antioxidant status in the cases and controls through colorimetric assays and ELISA. The mRNA extracted from placental tissue samples were used to determine the hypoxic and angiogenic status in cases and controls through real time PCR. Statistical analysis was also carried out to correlate the differential hypoxic status between RPL and MTP cohorts with the expression of angiogenic factors (VEGFA, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2).
HIF1α mRNA expression was found to be upregulated in the RPL cases. While the serum levels of H2O2 (p = 0.012), guanine oxides and lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) were increased in the RPL cases, reduced glutathione (GSH) was found to be significantly decreased (p = 0.012). Additionally, AUROC analysis also shows an excellent discriminatory ability of 0.850 for serum H2O2 levels. VEGF-A and VEGF-R1 mRNA expression was also found to be downregulated in the RPL cases compared to MTP.
This study indicates that increased oxidative stress may lead to aberrations in the VEGF pathway resulting in improper placentation in RPL cases, and subsequently, pregnancy loss.
•Moderately increased hypoxia observed in the RPL cases.•Elevated oxidative stress due to increased H2O2 and decreased GSH levels.•Transcriptional deregulation of VEGF and its receptor genes in RPL.•Aberrations in placental angiogenesis; possible cause of pregnancy loss.
Abstract
We present and analyze a near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of the underluminous Type Ia supernova SN 2020qxp/ASASSN-20jq obtained with NIRES at the Keck Observatory, 191 days after
B
-band ...maximum. The spectrum is dominated by a number of broad emission features, including the Fe
ii
at 1.644
μ
m, which is highly asymmetric with a tilted top and a peak redshifted by ≈2000 km s
−1
. In comparison with 2D non-LTE synthetic spectra computed from 3D simulations of off-center delayed-detonation Chandrasekhar-mass (
M
ch
) white dwarf (WD) models, we find good agreement between the observed lines and the synthetic profiles, and are able to unravel the structure of the progenitor’s envelope. We find that the size and tilt of the Fe
ii
1.644
μ
m profile (in velocity space) is an effective way to determine the location of an off-center delayed-detonation transition (DDT) and the viewing angle, and it requires a WD with a high central density of ∼4 × 10
9
g cm
−3
. We also tentatively identify a stable Ni feature around 1.9
μ
m characterized by a “pot-belly” profile that is slightly offset with respect to the kinematic center. In the case of SN 2020qxp/ASASSN-20jq, we estimate that the location of the DDT is ∼0.3
M
WD
off center, which gives rise to an asymmetric distribution of the underlying ejecta. We also demonstrate that low-luminosity and high-density WD SN Ia progenitors exhibit a very strong overlap of Ca and
56
Ni in physical space. This results in the formation of a prevalent Ca
ii
0.73
μ
m emission feature that is sensitive to asymmetry effects. Our findings are discussed within the context of alternative scenarios, including off-center C/O detonations in He-triggered sub-
M
Ch
WDs and the direct collision of two WDs. Snapshot programs with Gemini/Keck/Very Large Telescope (VLT)/ELT-class instruments and our spectropolarimetry program are complementary to mid-IR spectra by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
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