Using the experimental data on the dependence of the coefficient of ionization by electron impact
as a function of
E
/
N
in the gas CF
4
, the values of the strongly inhomogeneous electric field at ...the points located along the force lines are compared with those of the fields of the electron avalanches developing in them. It has been shown that the distributions of the increasing electric field of the avalanche always have the only point of intersection with the constant-field distribution. This is evidence that in the avalanche, a dipole has appeared with charges
N
e
≈
N
i
located at a distance of about α
–1
between them. The opposite direction of the electric fields created by the power supply and the avalanche charges neutralizes the field inside the dipole down to zero. Emergence of such a region (point) in the development of electron avalanche radically changes the character of further development of the gas discharge. In fact, it is a final point in the development of the initial electron avalanche. Since the drift current stops at this point (the avalanche current circuit is broken), the electron avalanche is transformed to a plasma state; ionization by electron impacts passes due to the energy accumulated in the interelectrode capacitance of the discharge gap. In other words, the avalanche continues to develop only due to internal sources and, as a result, acquires a new spatial structure in the form of a double charge layer. As a result, the charge system transforms to a self-organizing and evolving system, which, after a series of sequential transformations, becomes the base for forming a streamer. The dynamics of a sequential transformation of the charge system to new stable structural formations is seen in the experimental data.
The
T
-odd correlation
, which is the mixed product of the momenta of
,
, and γ in the system of rest of the kaon divided by
, has been measured in the
K
+
→ π
0
e
+
ν
e
γ radiative decay among 101 ...200 candidate events detected at the OKA setup. The asymmetry of the distribution in
is characterized by the ratio
, where
is the number of events with positive (negative) ξ. The value
= (+0.1 ± 3.9(stat.) ± 1.7(syst.)) × 10
–3
or
(90% C.L.) has been obtained.
The goal of this work is to describe qualitatively the physics of processes which begin with an electron avalanche and finish in a lightning discharge. A streamer model is considered that is based on ...studies of the recently discovered processes occurring in the prestreamer region. The investigation and analysis of these processes enabled making the conclusion that they are, in essence, the attendant processes, which ensure the electron avalanche-to-streamer transition, and may be interpreted as a manifestation of properties of a double charge layer exposed to the external electric field. The pressing problems of physical processes which form a lightning discharge are considered from the standpoint of new ideas about the mechanism of the streamer formation and growth. Causes of the emergence of coherent super-high-frequency radiation of a leader and the neutron production in a lightning discharge are revealed that have not been explained so far in the theory of gas discharge. Based also on new ideas about the lightning discharge, a simple ball-lightning model, providing answers to almost allquestions formulated from numerous observations on the behavior of ball lightning, is offered, and the need of a new design of lightning protection instead of the traditional rod is discussed.
Abstract Results of a study of the $$K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^{0} e^{+} \nu \gamma $$ K + → π 0 e + ν γ decay at OKA setup are presented. More than 32,000 events of this decay are observed. The ...differential spectra over the photon energy and the photon–electron opening angle in kaon rest frame are presented. The branching ratios, normalized to that of $$K_{e3}$$ K e 3 decay are calculated for different cuts on $$E^*_\gamma $$ E γ ∗ and $$cos\Theta ^{*}_{e\gamma }$$ c o s Θ e γ ∗ . In particular, the branching ratio for $$E^{*}_{\gamma }>30$$ E γ ∗ > 30 MeV and $$\Theta ^{*}_{e \gamma }>20^{\circ }$$ Θ e γ ∗ > 20 ∘ is measured R = $$\frac{Br(K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^{0} e^{+} \nu _{e} \gamma ) }{Br(K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^{0} e^{+} \nu _{e})} $$ B r ( K + → π 0 e + ν e γ ) B r ( K + → π 0 e + ν e ) = = (0.587±0.010(stat.)±0.015(syst.)) $$\times 10^{-2}$$ × 10 - 2 , which is in a good agreement with ChPT $$O(p^{4})$$ O ( p 4 ) calculations.
Study of K+→π0e+νγ decay with OKA setup Polyarush, A. Yu; Akimenko, S. A.; Artamonov, A. V. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
02/2021, Letnik:
81, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Results of a study of the
K
+
→
π
0
e
+
ν
γ
decay at OKA setup are presented. More than 32,000 events of this decay are observed. The differential spectra over the photon energy and the ...photon–electron opening angle in kaon rest frame are presented. The branching ratios, normalized to that of
K
e
3
decay are calculated for different cuts on
E
γ
∗
and
c
o
s
Θ
e
γ
∗
. In particular, the branching ratio for
E
γ
∗
>
30
MeV and
Θ
e
γ
∗
>
20
∘
is measured R =
B
r
(
K
+
→
π
0
e
+
ν
e
γ
)
B
r
(
K
+
→
π
0
e
+
ν
e
)
= = (0.587±0.010(
stat
.)±0.015(
syst
.))
×
10
-
2
, which is in a good agreement with ChPT
O
(
p
4
)
calculations.
Abstract A precise measurement of the vector and axial-vector form factors difference $$F_V-F_A$$ FV-FA in the $$K^+\rightarrow {\mu ^+}{\nu _{\mu }}{\gamma }$$ K+→μ+νμγ decay is presented. About 95K ...events of $$K^+\rightarrow {\mu ^+}{\nu _{\mu }}{\gamma }$$ K+→μ+νμγ are selected in the OKA experiment. The result is $$F_V-F_A=0.134\pm 0.021(stat)\pm 0.027(syst)$$ FV-FA=0.134±0.021(stat)±0.027(syst) . Both errors are smaller than in the previous $$F_V-F_A$$ FV-FA measurements.
Abstract The $$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi ^{+}\pi ^{0}\pi ^{0}\gamma $$ K + → π + π 0 π 0 γ decay is observed by the OKA collaboration. About 60 events of the decay observed with signal:noise $$\approx ...1$$ ≈ 1 . The branching ratio obtained by normalization to $$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi ^{+}\pi ^{0}\pi ^{0}$$ K + → π + π 0 π 0 is measured to be $$(3.7 \pm 0.9(stat) \pm 0.3(syst))\times 10^{-6}$$ ( 3.7 ± 0.9 ( s t a t ) ± 0.3 ( s y s t ) ) × 10 - 6 for $$E_{\gamma }^*>10\,\textrm{MeV}$$ E γ ∗ > 10 MeV . The branching ratio, $$\gamma $$ γ energy spectrum and angular distribution are consistent with ChPT prediction.
Abstract A high-statistics data sample of the $$K^{+}$$ K + decays is recorded by the OKA collaboration. A missing mass analysis is performed to search for a light invisible pseudoscalar axion-like ...particle (ALP) a in the decay $$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi ^{+} \pi ^{0} a$$ K + → π + π 0 a . No signal is observed, and the upper limits for the branching ratio of the decay are calculated. The $$90\%$$ 90 % confidence level upper limit changes from $$2.5\cdot 10^{-6}$$ 2.5 · 10 - 6 to $$2\cdot 10^{-7}$$ 2 · 10 - 7 for the ALP mass from 0 to 200 MeV/ $$c^{2}$$ c 2 , except for the region of $$\pi ^{0}$$ π 0 mass, where the upper limit is $$4.4\cdot 10^{-6}$$ 4.4 · 10 - 6 .
On the statistics of ~1.7 × 10
8
interactions of positively charged kaons on copper nuclei, coherent events of the
K
+
π
0
system production are selected. The cross sections for the Coulomb and ...coherent strong components and their interference in the region of the
K
*(892) meson are measured. The partial width for the decay
K
*(892) →
K
+
γ is determined. When studying the mass spectrum of the
K
+
π
0
system, an effect which can be interpreted as the interference of the chiral anomaly and the
K
*(892)
s
-channel amplitudes is found. This gives an estimate for the ratio of the observed amplitude of the chiral anomaly to the theoretical one:
A
exp
/
A
th
= 0.9 ± 0.24(stat.) ± 0.3(syst.).
Abstract The $$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi ^{+}\pi ^{0}\pi ^{0}\gamma $$ K + → π + π 0 π 0 γ decay is observed by the OKA collaboration. About 60 events of the decay observed with signal:noise $$\approx ...1$$ ≈ 1 . The branching ratio obtained by normalization to $$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi ^{+}\pi ^{0}\pi ^{0}$$ K + → π + π 0 π 0 is measured to be $$(3.7 \pm 0.9(stat) \pm 0.3(syst))\times 10^{-6}$$ ( 3.7 ± 0.9 ( s t a t ) ± 0.3 ( s y s t ) ) × 10 - 6 for $$E_{\gamma }^*>10\,\textrm{MeV}$$ E γ ∗ > 10 MeV . The branching ratio, $$\gamma $$ γ energy spectrum and angular distribution are consistent with ChPT prediction.
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