Coastline attracts people for recreational, residential, entrepreneurial, and industrial activity, resulting in a worldwide phenomenon of coastalization – the shift to the coasts. The proximity to ...marine coasts is, therefore, a competitive advantage and a development resource for coastal regions around the globe. However, the efficient use of coastal economic-geographical position depends on the numerous external and internal factors, and requires, firstly, a functional delimitation of the coastal zone, and, secondly, an integrated coastal zone management. This article studies the relationship between the proximity to the seacoast and the development of the tourism sector. The aim is to identify the geographical boundaries of using the seaside position in the interest of tourism development; in other words, we identify the functional boundaries of the coastal zone associated with tourist attractions. The research area covers two Russian regions located on the Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad Oblast) and the Sea of Japan (Primorsky Krai). The findings reveal that the optimal zone for developing coastal tourism is within a 10km of the sea, with the most preferable zone extending no further than 1km from the coast. The density of tourist attractions has a positive correlation with the concentration of service sector facilities and infrastructure.
The Protected Areas (PA) system serves to support healthy ecosystems and threatened species, biodiversity and ecosystem services, as well as providing multiple benefits to people. The ecological ...doctrine ofRussiaconsiders the development of a system of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) to be one of the key directions of state policy. In the history of this country, the creation of SPNA is a traditional and effective step, but currently, state environmental policy is very different from that of the policy of the past, as dictated by theUSSR. Today’s global events, such as the economic collapse resulting from the COVID-19 epidemic, have changed social life dramatically. However, for bothRussiaandChina, there is a clear interest in not repeating Western national park commercialization, as seen in theUSand European countries. The authors consider the idea of adding a new wilderness protected area category, because in reality, it is a very effective form of environmental conservation, especially in «Eastern»Russia. It is discussed that the terrestrial protected area system is not ecologically representative at present, although most countries have reported considerable success in this field.Chinahas declared and is promoting the construction of a community with a «shared future for humanity». The focus of this paper is onChina’s Belt and Road Initiative, as it aims for the functional creation of a new model of international economic cooperation that must include a new and close look at nature conservation.
The results of 11years (2003–2013) monitoring activities, including estimation of number and gender structure of waterfowl on the Lake Khanka, are presented. The accounting work (50days) took place ...in the first decade of April, in the period of mass spring migration of migratory birds. About 682,270 birds are registered. The comparison of the species composition and the ratio of the major groups of waterfowl of the two periods — 2003–2009 and 2010–2013 are given. The most minority group of migratory birds is Cygnus — less than 0.1% of all registered birds. More than 10,000 specimens of geese were accounted (17.7% of registered birds). The maximum number of birds was registered in 2008, the minimum number was registered in 2011. In all years of monitoring the part of Anas formosa was the largest among migratory birds — from 42 to 80% of all registered birds. The Anser albifrons dominates among all Ansers — about 50–80% of all identified species of Ansers. For the first time of all years of the ornithological investigations of the Prikhankayskaya lowland the gender structure of Anas was identified by visual estimates and photo data. The sample was 28.9 thousand birds. The average proportion of males for all years (2003–2013) was 58.9%, the maximum was recorded for Authya ferina (70.2%) and Authya foligula (70.3%).
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