Chronic cannabis use among adolescents is associated with many adverse health effects. One group of adolescents at the highest risk for chronic use are those involved in the juvenile justice system. ...While cannabis use disorder (CUD) screening tools have recently become briefer, ideally a single-item measure could be used to efficiently identify those who likely meet the criteria for CUD. These analyses aimed to determine whether a cut score, based on the frequency of cannabis use in the past year, could predict whether participants met the criteria for CUD among a sample of juvenile detainees (n = 189). DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for CUD were mapped onto current DSM-V criteria to determine a diagnosis. Two CUD severity cut scores were explored: (1) a cut score that distinguished those with no CUD or mild CUD from those who have a moderate or severe CUD, and (2) a cut score that distinguishes those with no, mild, or moderate CUD from those who have severe CUD. t-Tests revealed significant differences in the number of cannabis use days in the past year by both sets of CUD comparison categories. When predicting none/mild vs. moderate/severe CUD, the optimal cut score was found to be ≥24 cannabis use days; for no/mild/moderate vs. severe CUD, the optimal cut score was ≥57 days. Hierarchical regression demonstrated the addition of cannabis use days provided significant incremental validity beyond the proportion of friends who use substances when predicting diagnostic symptom count. This 1-item cannabis screener is an effective tool to quickly determine the need for further assessment of CUD.
The objective of the present study was to determine whether elevated levels of S100A8 and S100A9 (S100A8/A9) alarmins contribute to ischemic limb pathology.
Gastrocnemius muscle was collected from ...control patients without peripheral arterial disease (PAD; n = 14) and patients with chronic limb threatening limb ischemia (CLTI; n = 14). Mitochondrial function was assessed in permeabilized muscle fibers, and RNA and protein analyses were used to quantify the S100A8/A9 levels. Additionally, a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia with and without exogenous delivery of S100A8/A9 was used.
Compared with the non-PAD control muscles, CLTI muscles displayed significant increases in the abundance of S100A8 and S100A9 at both mRNA and protein levels (P < .01). The CLTI muscles also displayed significant impairment in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and increased mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production compared with the non-PAD controls. The S100A8/A9 levels correlated significantly with the degree of muscle mitochondrial dysfunction (P < .05 for all). C57BL6J mice treated with recombinant S100A8/A9 displayed impaired perfusion recovery and muscle mitochondrial impairment compared with the placebo-treated mice after hindlimb ischemia surgery. These mitochondrial deficits observed after S100A8/A9 treatment were confirmed in the muscle cell culture system under normoxic conditions.
The S100A8/A9 levels were increased in CLTI limb muscle specimens compared with the non-PAD control muscle specimens, and the level of accumulation was associated with muscle mitochondrial impairment. Elevated S100A8/A9 levels in mice subjected to hindlimb ischemia impaired perfusion recovery and mitochondrial function. Together, these findings suggest that the inflammatory mediators S100A8/A9 might be directly involved in ischemic limb pathology.
Despite improvements in the surgical management of chronic limb threatening limb ischemia (CLTI), the rates of major adverse limb events have remained high. Skeletal muscle has emerged as a strong predictor of outcomes in peripheral arterial disease (PAD)/CLTI; however, a complete understanding of muscle pathology in CLTI is lacking. This study identified elevated S100A8 and S100A9 alarmin proteins as a characteristic of CLTI muscle specimens and that the S100A8/A9 levels are associated with the degree of mitochondrial impairment in patient limb muscle specimens. Using a mouse model of PAD, treatment with S100A8/A9 exacerbated ischemic limb pathology, including impaired limb perfusion recovery and muscle mitochondrial impairment. Taken together, these findings connect the inflammatory milieu in the CLTI limb to exacerbated limb muscle outcomes via mitochondrial alterations.
In this paper we study the Casimir energy of a sample made by N cavities, with N >> 1, across the transition from the metallic to the superconducting phase of the constituting plates. After having ...characterized the energy for the configuration in which the layers constituting the cavities are made by dielectric and for the configuration in which the layers are made by plasma sheets, we concentrate our analysis on the latter. It represents the final step towards the macroscopic characterization of a "multi cavity" (with N large) necessary to fully understand the behaviour of the Casimir energy of a YBCO (or a BSCCO) sample across the transition. Our analysis is especially useful to the Archimedes experiment, aimed at measuring the interaction of the electromagnetic vacuum energy with a gravitational field. To this purpose, we aim at modulating the Casimir energy of a layered structure, the multi cavity, by inducing a transition from the metallic to the superconducting phase. After having characterized the Casimir energy of such a structure for both the metallic and the superconducting phase, we give an estimate of the modulation of the energy across the transition.
The use of silica gel in source testing Feldstein, M; Balestrieri, S; Levaggi, D A
American Industrial Hygiene Association journal,
07/1967, Letnik:
28, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Male Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 350 g were deprived of paradoxical sleep (PS-D) by placing them on small platforms surrounded by water. In comparison with rats kept in similar cages but ...without water, PS-D animals manifested a marked decrease in body and liver weight, which depended on animal size and o time of exposure to the condition of PS-D. A comparable weight loss occurred in the spleen, while more limited effects were present in brain and cerebellum. Exposure to the condition of PS-D induced a pronounced increase in the concentration of liver DNA and RNA. The latter effect occurred considerably earlier. On the other hand, only limited and uncertain variations were noted in the DNA concentration of brain and cerebellum. Body and liver changes were readily reversed after a period of recovery lasting two days.
Background/Aims
The role of esophageal motility in determining gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) severity has not been completely evaluated. A few studies have investigated high-resolution ...manometry (HRM) patterns during solid swallows. The present study evaluates the HRM patterns of non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) patients during both liquid and solid swallows and their correlation with the severity of GERD.
Methods
In 23 NERD patients and 15 healthy volunteers (HVs) HRM was performed during a standard solid meal in a seated position, followed by 24-hour impedance-pH monitoring.
Results
Of the 31 patients, 10 showed a pathological acid exposure time (AET; NERD patients), 13 a normal pH profile with positive symptom association probability (SAP; reflux hypersensitivity patients), and 8 normal AET and SAP (functional heartburn patients). Mean distal contractile integral and distal latency values, in all patient groups and HVs, were significantly higher during solid swallows. In the group of 10 NERD patients, the number of large breaks of the esophageal peristalsis was 16 out of 100 liquid swallows (16%) and 31 out of 171 solid swallows (18%). Fourteen out of 100 liquid swallows (14%) and 25 out of 171 solid swallows (15%) resulted ineffective. Mean reflux clearing time at multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH was 17.6 ± 3.7 seconds. NERD patients presented, during solid swallows, a significantly higher proportion of large peristaltic breaks and of ineffective swallows than reflux hypersensitivity and functional heartburn patients.
Conclusion
HRM during solid swallows reveals motor abnormalities, undetected during liquid swallows, which might be involved in delaying reflux and acid clearance in patients with GERD.
(J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019;25:68-74)
Let k$k$ be any field. Let X⊂PkN$X \subset \mathbb {P}_k^N$ be a degree d≥2$d \ge 2$ hypersurface. Under some conditions, we prove that if X(K)≠∅$X(K) \ne \emptyset$ for some extension K/k$K/k$ with ...n:=K:k≥2$n:=K:k \ge 2$ and gcd(n,d)=1$\gcd (n,d)=1$, then X(L)≠∅$X(L) \ne \emptyset$ for some extension L/k$L/k$ with gcd(L:k,d)=1$\gcd (L:k, d)=1$, n∤L:k$n \nmid L:k$, and L:k≤nd−n−d$L:k \le nd-n-d$. Moreover, if a K$K$‐solution is known explicitly, then we can compute L/k$L/k$ explicitly as well. As an application, we improve upon a result by Coray on smooth cubic surfaces X⊂Pk3$X \subset \mathbb {P}^3_k$ by showing that if X(K)≠∅$X(K) \ne \emptyset$ for some extension K/k$K/k$ with gcd(K:k,3)=1$\gcd (K:k, 3)=1$, then X(L)≠∅$X(L) \ne \emptyset$ for some L/k$L/k$ with L:k∈{1,10}$L:k \in \lbrace 1, 10\rbrace$.
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