Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), represents a major health concern in Caucasians. Although the incidence of VTE is generally ...known to be lower in Asians than in Caucasians, results of epidemiologic studies among Asians have been conflicting. In this study we performed a nationwide population‐based epidemiologic study to provide basic information regarding the incidence of VTE in the Korean population. Methods: Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database, VTE patients from 2004 to 2008 were retrospectively identified by both diagnostic codes and medication codes for drugs used in initial treatment of VTE. Results: The respective age‐ and sex‐adjusted annual incidences of VTE, DVT and PE per 100 000 individuals increased significantly from 8.83, 3.91 and 3.74 in 2004 to 13.8, 5.31 and 7.01 in 2008 (P = 0.0001), with successive increments each year. All three annual incidences also increased steadily with age (P = 0.0001 for all), particularly among those over 60 years old. Conclusions: This represents the largest epidemiologic study that demonstrates a lower incidence of VTE in Asian compared with Western populations; however, it also demonstrates a yearly increasing incidence of VTE in the Korean population.
To summarize changes in recommendations for injection treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA) in current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and to assess whether these changes have affected public ...interest according to Google data and content in YouTube videos.
A literature search to identify CPGs revised since 2019 that provide recommendations regarding the five intra-articular injection treatments for knee OA (corticosteroid CS, hyaluronic acid HA, stem cell SC, platelet-rich plasma PRP, and botulinum toxin BT) was conducted to assess perspective changes for each treatment. Data from Google Trends were examined to identify changes in search volume from 2004 to 2021 using a join-point regression model. Relevant YouTube videos were divided into those uploaded before and after changes in CPGs and compared according to degrees of recommendation for each treatment to identify the effect of changes in CPGs on video production.
All eight identified CPGs released after 2019 recommended HA and CS use. Most CPGs were the first to state a neutral or opposing stance concerning the use of SC, PRP, or BT. Interestingly, relative searches on Google for SC, PRP, and BT has increased greater than those for CS and HA. YouTube videos produced after CPGs changed continue to recommend SC, PRP, and BT as much as those produced before CPGs were revised.
Although knee OA CPGs have changed, public interest and healthcare information providers on YouTube have not reacted to this shift. Improved methods to propagate updates to CPGs warrant consideration.
The recurrence of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) following liver resection is common; approximately 40% of patients will experience tumor recurrence post-surgery. Renin-angiotensin inhibitors ...(RASis) have been shown to attenuate the growth and progression of CRLM in pre-clinical models following liver resection. This study examined the efficacy of the RASi captopril on patient-derived colorectal liver metastasis organoids. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were established using fresh samples of colorectal liver metastasis from appropriately consented patients undergoing liver resection. To mimic the regenerating liver post-CRLM liver resection, PDOs were cultured under hepatocyte regeneration conditions in vitro. CRLM PDOs were established from three patients' parent tissue. CRLM PDOs and parent tissue expressed markers of colorectal cancer, CDX2 and CK20, consistently. Furthermore, CRLM PDOs treated with captopril showed a dose dependent reduction in their expansion in vitro. In conclusion, CRLM PDOs recapitulate in vivo disease and displayed a dose-dependent response to treatment with captopril. RASis may be an additional viable treatment for patients with CRLM.
Display omitted
Cell cultures have been successfully used to study hepatitis C virus (HCV) for many years. However, most work has been done using traditional, 2-dimensional (2D) cell cultures (cells ...grown as a monolayer in growth flasks or dishes). Studies have shown that when cells are grown suspended in an extra-cellular-matrix-like material, they develop into spherical, ‘organoid’ arrangements of cells (3D growth) that display distinct differences in morphological and functional characteristics compared to 2D cell cultures. In liver organoids, one key difference is the development of clearly differentiated apical and basolateral surfaces separated and maintained by cellular tight junctions. This phenomenon, termed polarity, is vital to normal barrier function of hepatocytes in vivo. It has also been shown that viruses, and virus-like particles, interact very differently with cells derived from 2D as compared to 3D cell cultures, bringing into question the usefulness of 2D cell cultures to study virus–host cell interactions. Here, we investigate differences in cellular architecture as a function of cell culture system, using confocal scanning laser microscopy, and determine differences in binding interactions between HCV virus-like particles (VLPs) and their cognate receptors in the different cell culture systems using atomic force microscopy (AFM). We generated organoid cultures that were polarized, as determined by localization of key apical and basolateral markers. We found that, while uptake of HCV VLPs by both 2D and 3D Huh7 cells was observed by flow cytometry, binding interactions between HCV VLPs and cells were measurable by AFM only on polarized cells. The work presented here adds to the growing body of research suggesting that polarized cell systems are more suitable for the study of HCV infection and dynamics than non-polarized systems.
Background and purpose
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for severe Parkinson's disease (PD) outperforms the best medical treatment in controlling motor symptoms and improving quality of life. ...Nevertheless disease progression cannot be controlled, and the development of dementia over time is nearly inevitable, often resulting in nursing home placement. Ten‐year survival, development of hallucinations, dementia and nursing home placement were examined and adverse events were assessed.
Method
Patient files were scrutinized from baseline up to 10 years of treatment or death on all 79 PD patients treated with DBS of the subthalamic nucleus from 1998 to 2003 at Aarhus University Hospital.
Results
Twenty‐four patients died during the follow‐up period of 10 years. Age above 60 years at surgery increased mortality 2.3‐fold (P = 0.04). Of the 55 surviving patients 29 (53%) were demented and 19 (35%) were in nurs‐ing homes. Average time from operation to dementia was 5.6 ± 2.9 years. Hallucinations and nursing home placement were associated with increased mortality.
Conclusion
Survival of 70% after a mean of 25 years of PD including 10 years with DBS illustrates that this is a selected group of PD patients. The prevalence of dementia steadily increased after surgery as expected from disease progression and can be an early event. Compared with the few similar long‐term studies, the present study presents a larger cohort followed at the same DBS center for a longer period of time and none was lost to follow‐up, making conclusions more valid. The present findings are of significant prognostic help for the patient, caregiver and physician when treatment with DBS has to be decided.
Introduction
Panic disorders (PD) are associated with suicidality. The link between PD and suicide has been suggested to be depression; however, this remains controversial. Comprehensive research on ...the history of suicide attempts (SAs) in patients with PD is scarce.
Objectives
This study investigated the characteristics and pharmacological short- and long-term treatment responses of patients with PD, with or without SAs. Moreover, a network analysis was conducted to investigate the central symptoms and their connection to suicidality among SA-related variables with and without SAs.
Methods
We investigated the characteristics of SAs in patients with PD using PD-related scales, magnetic resonance imaging, and network approaches. A total of 1151 subjects were enrolled, including 755 patients with PD (97 with SA and 658 without SA) and 396 healthy controls. Suicide and PD-related scales were also administered.
Results
Our results revealed that the scores of all symptom severities were significantly higher in the PD+SA group than in the PD-SA group. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that short- and long-term pharmacological treatment responses were significantly poor in the PD+SA group. Network analysis showed that fear of cognitive dyscontrol (FCD) was the strongest central symptom among strength, expected influence (1 and 2 step), randomized shortest path betweenness, and eigenvector centrality measures in PD+SA, whereas depression was the central symptom in PD-SA.
Table 1.
Results of multiple regression analysis to predict treatment response for patients with panic disorder.
Treatment response
at 8 weeks
(
n =
450)
R
2
=0.19
Treatment response
at 6 month
(
n =
379)
R
2
=0.20
Treatment response
at 1 year
(
n =
329)
R
2
=0.22
Β
p
-value
β
p
-value
β
p
-value
Gender
0.10
0.15
0.14
0.09
0.08
0.39
Age
-0.06
0.44
0.04
0.62
0.01
0.94
Baseline PDSS total score
0.46
<0.001**
0.48
<0.001**
0.42
<0.001**
Baseline BDI-II total score
0.05
0.65
0.09
0.47
0.17
0.19
Baseline PSWQ total score
-0.07
0.47
-0.11
0.29
-0.18
0.09
Baseline ASI-R total score
-0.14
0.19
-0.19
0.10
-0.19
0.11
Baseline ETISR-SF total score
0.07
0.34
0.04
0.60
0.11
0.24
A history of the suicide attempt
-0.19
0.01*
-0.20
0.02*
-0.28
0.002*
Note
: Model
p
-values <0.001.
*
p
< 0.05.
**
p
< 0.001.
Abbreviations: PD, panic disorder; SA, suicide attempt; PDSS, Panic Disorder Severity Scale; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; PSWQ, Penn State Worry Questionnaire; ASI-R, Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory-Revised; ETISR-SF, The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form.
Image:
Image 2:
Image 3:
Conclusions
Our results suggest that SA history could be associated with high symptom severity and poor pharmacological treatment response in patients with PD and that FCD is the central symptom in the PD+SA network.
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
(1) Liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) has been linked to tumour recurrence. Inhibition of the renin−angiotensin system (RASi) attenuates CRLM ...growth in the non-regenerating liver. This study investigates whether RASi exerts an antitumour effect within the regenerating liver following partial hepatectomy for CRLM and examines RASi-induced changes in the tumour immune microenvironment; (2) CRLM in mice was induced via intrasplenic injection of mouse colorectal tumour cells, followed by splenectomy on Day 0. Mice were treated with RASi captopril (250 mg/kg/day), or saline (control) from Day 4 to Day 16 (endpoint) and underwent 70% partial hepatectomy on Day 7. Liver and tumour samples were characterised by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence; (3) captopril treatment reduced tumour burden in mice following partial hepatectomy (p < 0.01). Captopril treatment reduced populations of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) (CD11b+Ly6CHi p < 0.05, CD11b+Ly6CLo p < 0.01) and increased PD-1 expression on infiltrating hepatic tissue-resident memory (TRM)-like CD8+ (p < 0.001) and double-negative (CD4-CD8-; p < 0.001) T cells; (4) RASi reduced CRLM growth in the regenerating liver and altered immune cell composition by reducing populations of immunosuppressive MDSCs and boosting populations of PD-1+ hepatic TRMs. Thus, RASi should be explored as an adjunct therapy for patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for CRLM.
This study evaluated the Korean version of the EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3.0) in terms of psychometric properties and its validation. One hundred and seventy patients completed three questionnaires ...EORTC QLQ-C30, the Beck depression inventory (BDI), and a brief pain inventory (BPI). Multitrait scaling analyses demonstrated that all scales met multidimensional conceptualization criteria, in terms of convergence and discrimination validity. Cronbach's α coefficients for eight multiple-item scales were greater than 0.70, with the exception of cognitive functioning. All interscale correlations were statistically significant in the expected direction (p < 0.01). Multivariate analyses showed that physical and emotional functioning were significant explanatory variables for the global quality-of-life (QOL) scale (regression coefficients: 0.36, p < 0.001; and 0.37, p < 0.001; respectively). All scales were significantly associated with pain severity and interference of the BPI, and with the cognitive-affective and somatic scales of the BDI. The emotional-functioning scale was substantially correlated with the cognitive-affective scale and somatic scale of the BDI. These results demonstrate that the Korean version of the EORTC QLQ-C30 is a valid instrument for evaluating Korean-speaking patients with cancer, and can be used to distinguish clearly between subgroups of patients of differing performance status.
PDF
