Muonography is an analog of other similar concepts such as X-ray radiography, electronography, neutronography, etc. based on the detection of penetrating radiation whose interaction with objects ...under study causes changes in the initial flux of the used particles. Unlike all other ‘‘graphies’’ which use artificially formed particle fluxes, muons are of natural origin, since they are formed as a result of interactions of primary cosmic rays with the nuclei of atoms in the atmosphere. Since muons keep well the direction of motion of primary particles, muon flux allows studying of disturbances in the heliosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth which lead to variations of the flux of primary cosmic rays. Also, disturbances in the atmosphere directly affect the muon flux, thus it can be used to study atmospheric processes. The paper considers the main ideas of the method of muonography, as well as the examples of its application for studying various processes and phenomena in the heliosphere, magnetosphere and atmosphere of the Earth. In frames of the further development of muonography, we discuss the expediency of creating a network of muon hodoscopes in the Russian Federation for early detection of hazardous processes and phenomena over its territory.
Using muon flux characteristics obtained by the URAGAN muon hodoscope, 235 thunderstorm event candidates were identified in 2014–2020, 211 of them were accompanied by thunderstorm cell detection. ...Comparative visualization of weather maps and muonographs (‘‘muon snapshots’’) for these events is presented. Possible explanations for the observed effect are discussed. Temporal distributions of the thunderstorm event candidates and muon flux wavelet analysis results are presented with discussion of the further prospects for the research.
Modern nuclear physics is impossible without the implementation of projects of the megascience class, for the creation of which the efforts of many organizations and countries are consolidated. The ...level and complexity of experiments carried out with the use of such facilities is provided by scientific researchers with a wide range of competencies. The education of such researchers is an important task for scientific and educational organizations. These issues were discussed at the 2nd conference "Personnel training and legal support for the implementation of scientific projects of the Mega-science class" organized by National Research Nuclear University MEPhI and Kutafin Moscow State Law University on June 25, 2020. The aim of the Conference was to discuss the policy management issues of implementation of the Mega-science class research projects.
Coronal holes generate a high speed solar wind. This wind is the cause of magnetic storms on the Earth during the years of low solar activity. Also a high speed solar wind creates disturbances in the ...interplanetary magnetic field. The disturbance may reflect cosmic rays hitting them in the direction of the Earth. As a result, it is possible to observe a change in the flux of cosmic rays on the Earth before the arrival of the disturbance. The paper identifies a criterion for early detection of cosmic ray flux increasing by the muon hodoscope URAGAN (MEPhI, Moscow) to coronal holes in years of decreased solar activity (2009-2010, 2018-2019). It was found that increases of cosmic ray intensity are visible before the main sequence of areas of increasing and decreasing cosmic ray intensities in GSE maps in 60% of the cases.
Abstract
MegaScience projects are unique scientific experiments and facilities of a large scale that were initiated to allow to go beyond modern knowledge in the field of fundamental sciences and ...open up new opportunities in the technological development. The implementation of such complex projects requires the combined efforts of many scientists and institutions at national and multinational level. The paper presents an analysis of new trends in the training of researchers in the field of elementary particle physics, high energy physics and cosmophysics for research projects and experiments at MegaScience facilities. The authors consider the vast experience of extensive training of MEPhI students for fundamental science and analyzed new approaches to organizing the individual training of researchers at the university. The result of this work was presented and discussed within the proceedings of the Third Conference “Personnel training and legal support for the implementation of scientific projects of the Mega-science class” organized by National Research Nuclear University MEPhI and Kutafin Moscow State Law University on 17 June 2021.
Fundamental research in the field of high energy physics and nuclear physics is carried out at large international experiments with the joint participation of scientific organizations and research ...universities. This article discusses the features of the participation of a nuclear university in international research projects of the Mega-science class by the example of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI. MEPhI is actively involved in the development, operation, and modernization of research projects of the Mega-science class, such as LHC, FAIR, NICA, RHIC, ITER, NEVOD. Participation in these megaprojects gives MEPhI an opportunity to gain unique new knowledge for the development of nuclear technologies and nuclear energy, to increase prestige and to gain access to modern high technologies. These issues were discussed at a conference "Personnel training and legal support for the implementation of scientific projects of the Mega-science class" organized by National Research Nuclear University MEPhI and Kutafin Moscow State Law University on June 20-21, 2019. The aim of the Conference is to discuss the policy management issues of implementation of the Mega-science class research projects.
In comparison with calculations, the excess of multimuon events found in many experiments at ultrahigh energies of extensive air showers (EASs) cannot be explained using modern models of hadron ...interactions. The existence of muon excess is called the muon puzzle. One of the ways to solve this problem is to study the energy characteristics of the EAS muon component. For this purpose, the energy deposit of cosmic ray muon bundles is measured in the NEVOD–DECOR experiment. Registration of muon bundles in a wide range of zenith angles allows one to explore a wide range of energies of the primary particles of cosmic rays (from 10 to 1000 PeV) within a single experiment. The results of measurements of the energy deposit of muon bundles over a long observation period are presented.
Variation of Cosmic Ray Muons in 2007–2019 Shutenko, V. V.; Barbashina, N. S.; Dmitrieva, A. N. ...
Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics,
09/2021, Letnik:
85, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
An analysis is performed of the diurnal variation in cosmic-ray muons measured with the URAGAN muon hodoscope from 2007 to 2019. Characteristics are given of the yearly average diurnal variation in ...the count rate in several zenith-angle intervals. The results are compared to the diurnal variations in the count rate of neutrons from ten neutron monitors.
NEVOD-DECOR is the unique experiment where systematic studies of cosmic ray muon bundles in a wide range of zenith angles and, accordingly, the energies of primary cosmic rays are carried out. ...Impressive experimental material (more than 100 thousand events) has been accumulated over a long time period from May 2012 to December 2022. The earlier developed method of local muon density spectra allows us to compare experimental data on muon bundles with the results of the EAS muon component simulations. The analysis showed that the observed intensity of muon bundles at primary cosmic ray energies of about 1 EeV and higher can be compatible with the expectation (in frame of widely used hadronic interaction models) only under the assumption of an extremely heavy mass composition. It is consistent with data of several other experiments on investigations of air shower muon content, but contradicts the available measurements of the depth of the shower maximum in the atmosphere by means of fluorescent technique, which favor a light mass composition at these energies. This probably leads to the need to revise the existing hadronic interaction models.
The experimental data on thermal neutron flux registered by the "Neutron" setup (MEPhI, Moscow) on the Earth's surface for the period from May 2015 to February 2019 were analyzed. The effects of ...Forbush decrease (FD) and the lunar cycles were studied. The comparison with the results of FD studies in data of two other setups: the Moscow neutron monitor (MNM) and the muon hodoscope URAGAN (MEPhI, Moscow) was made. Comparison showed that the FD amplitudes of "Neutron" are comparable with those of MNM (on average, less by about 30%), and about 1.5 times more than for MH URAGAN. The counting rate recovery of "Neutron" detectors is much faster than for MNM and MH URAGAN.
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