The design and planning of resilient supply chains is a major challenge due to the increasing complexity of these systems that operate in a global market and therefore are more exposed to ...disruptions. In the present work a design and planning model that integrates demand uncertainty is applied to five supply chain structures that are submitted to different types of disruptions. Disruptions are modelled in a probabilistic manner, resulting in the incorporation of two sources of uncertainty. Eleven indicators are considered to assess the supply chains’ resilience, which comprise network design, centralization and operational indicators. The goal is to provide managers what are expected operational impacts (measured by the operational indicators) by assessing the behavior of network and centralization indicators and their known resilience behaviors from the literature. A case study of a European supply chain is used to illustrate the methodology and a discussion on the results obtained is presented in order to conclude which main characteristics a manager should consider when designing and planning resilient supply chains.
•The design and planning of resilient closed-loop supply chains is addressed.•Supply chains with different structures are submitted to several disruptions.•New indicators are defined for supply chains’ resilience.•Uncertainty in demand and in the occurrence of the disruptions is considered.•The model is applied to a European supply chain case study.
Juice extraction from citrus fruits generates large amounts of residues, which account for 50% of the fruit weight. Citrus juice by-products (CJBs) are a rich source of phenolic glycosides. The ...enzyme-assisted extraction and biotransformation of phenolic compounds from CJBs were investigated. Pectinase, cellulase, tannase and β-glucosidase were used individually or in combination. The effects of enzymes to improve the release and bioconversion of phenolics from citrus residues were evaluated. Enzymes facilitated the extraction of phenolics from CJB and promoted their hydrolysis from sugar residues, resulting in changes in the phenolic profile and higher antioxidant activity. The results indicated that the optimum condition for hesperetin and naringenin production was 24 h of reaction using β-glucosidase at 20 U g−1. Our results provide a basis for the production of extracts rich in bioactive compounds from CJB, which may be used as food and pharmaceutical applications.
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•Flavanones were produced by enzyme treatment of citrus wastes.•Enzyme treatments promoted high bioactive phenolic concentrations in citrus wastes.•Enzymes increased the bioactivity of citrus wastes.•Higher amounts of hesperetin were found after 24 h of enzymatic treatment.•Tannase and β-glucosidase seemed to have a synergistic effect on aglycon production.
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•PLE, UAE, and Soxhlet extraction of phenolic compounds from orange peel was evaluated.•Higher antioxidant capacity was obtained in the PLE extracts at high temperature.•Glycosylated ...flavonoids were obtained in great amounts by PLE.•Two kinetic models helped comprehending the extraction mechanisms of phenolics.•PLE is a feasible method to recover phenolics from various fruit by-products.
Citrus industry residues are sources of phenolic compounds, which may be extracted by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and volatile compounds, extractable by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). PLE and SFE are fast and allow using non-toxic solvents and moderate temperatures. Therefore, the objective of this work was to extract volatile and phenolic compounds from orange peel by SFE and PLE. The raw material was orange peel without (Lot 1) and with (Lot 2) previous supercritical CO2 extraction performed at 40°C and 35MPa. The volatile profile was evaluated in the SFE extract by HS-SPME-CG-MS. PLE solvents were absolute ethanol and mixtures of ethanol and water (75% and 50% ethanol, v/v) at the temperatures 45, 55, and 65°C and pressure of 10MPa. Global yield, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity by DPPH and FRAP methods, total reducing sugars and the concentration of the major phenolic compounds by HPLC were evaluated in the extracts. Temperature and ethanol concentration had significant effects on all responses. The main volatile compound found in the SFE extract was α-Terpineol, followed by d-Limonene. The major phenolic compound was hesperidin, which highest recovery (19.3±0.9mg/g dry peel) was achieved with 75% ethanol at 65°C from Lot 1. At the same condition, high TPC and antioxidant capacity were also achieved. The three-line spline and two-site kinetic models provided good adjustments to the PLE curves, being able to describe their behavior. PLE using water and ethanol can be applied to recover phenolics from a large variety of fruit by-products.
► We model the design and planning of closed-loop supply chains. ► The flexibility effect on the profitability of five network structures is studied. ► We implement products’ demand uncertainty using ...a scenario tree approach. ► We evaluate the impact of the distribution network dependency of the scenarios. ► The model is applied to a representative European supply chain case study.
In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation is developed for the design and planning of supply chains with reverse flows while considering simultaneously production, distribution and reverse logistics activities. It is also considered products’ demand uncertainty using a scenario tree approach. As main goal the model defines the maximization of the expected net present value and the results provide details on sizing and location of plants, warehouses and retailers, definition of processes to install, establishment of forward and reverse flows and inventory levels to attain. The model is applied to a representative European supply chain case study and its applicability is demonstrated.
Supply Chain Management is in constant evolution, and Supply Chain Resilience (SCR) appears as a recent offspring result of changes in how companies do business. Research efforts on the topic have ...led to a focus on the basic concepts of SCR, leaving a relevant research gap on the modelling and quantification of the SCR behaviour. In fact, there is not yet a consensus on SCR metrics or on how to quantify SCR. Most SCR models fail to incorporate relevant characteristics of the supply chain’s performance, as are the impacts perceived by downstream customers. This work addresses such gaps, and a new resilient SC metric is proposed, which is incorporated into a developed optimisation model, where economic and responsiveness objectives are maximised when designing and planning resilient SC considering all SC entities. The model is applied to a case study that shows that decision-makers should avoid adopting universal strategies when managing their SC and instead should define the best plan for their SC operation. The impacts perceived by downstream customers are analysed. Moreover, it can be concluded that there is a correlation between the SC performance and the new SCR metric, easing the process of designing and planning the SC when resilience concerns are at stake.
To estimate the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) or sports in the Brazilian population according to demographic and income variables.
Data from 60,202 Brazilian individuals (18 ...years and over) were analyzed, belonging to the National Health Survey 2013 sample. The prevalence of different modalities of LTPA and sports was estimated according to age, sex, skin color and income. The adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated by Poisson regression.
Of every thousand Brazilians, 695 do not practice LTPA or sports. Walking is the most practiced LTPA (98/1000), followed by soccer (68/1000) and weight training (45/1000). For poor and black men, the most frequent LTPA was soccer, and, for women, gymnastics and walking. The prevalence of weight training and gymnastics was higher for white people compared with black people. All LTPA practices were more prevalent in individuals with higher income, except for soccer. Running on a treadmill and weight training had, respectively, 24.7 and 6.4 times higher prevalence in the richer quartile.
The study allowed identifying the type of LTPA and sport reported as the most frequent by the Brazilian population according to age, sex, skin color, and income, detecting strong social disparities in these practices.
•There are substitutional and complementary effects between practices in open innovation project management.•We identified some configurations of project management practices in high performance R&D ...projects.•The high-performance projects with science-based partners combined planning activities with an organic communication approach.
This study contributes to the current discussion related to the execution challenges of open innovation projects in R&D with the lens of project management, especially considering the type of external partner as a contingent factor. It fosters the discussion of the configuration of practices in a contingent project management approach in comparison to the traditional best practice approach. For that, we conducted a qualitative fuzzy-set comparative analysis of 50 open innovation projects in R&D. By looking at configurations, we found combinations of practices related to high performance, when treated as a non-independent variable. In this configuration view, practices negatively associated with high performance in previous studies, are part of a combination of practices to achieve high performance in R&D projects. This study contributes to fostering the configurational perspective to project management associated with the idea that one size does not fit all.
Addressing environmental concerns in supply chain is a challenge, where one of the greatest difficulties is quantifying the environmental impacts. This quantification in units is often done, but it ...does not always allow decision‐makers to understand how their supply chains' influence the environment. In this regard, environmental quantification in monetary units can be an asset but, on this, not enough information exists about their application in supply chain. This work intends to develop a decision support tool for the design and planning of closed‐loop supply chains accounting for the monetization of environmental impacts, exploring the most used monetization methods. As main contributions, this paper supports the understanding of the methodological basis of the main monetization methods. This is then embedded into an optimization‐based decision supporting tool that defines the design and planning of supply chain allowing to conclude on the most appropriate methods to used when considering supply chain environmental performance. From the results is also demonstrated how the different monetization methods can influence the supply chain design and planning. A set of main recommendations to decision‐makers and researchers is provided that support the definition of supply chain strategy towards greener systems allowing the evolution of the currently practiced knowledge.
The wicked problem of sustainable development in supply chains Pederneiras, Yasmim Maia; Meckenstock, Johann; Carvalho, Ana Isabel Cerqueira ...
Business strategy and the environment,
January 2022, 2022-01-00, 20220101, Letnik:
31, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The operationalization of sustainable development involves ambiguity, complexity and uncertainty. It becomes more complex when applied in supply chain operations. Indeed, the research in sustainable ...supply chain management (SSCM) is influenced by positivist paradigms that do not address subjective issues. Therefore, we suggest that SSCM is often dealing with so‐called ‘wicked’ problems. This paper aims to emphasize the relationship between wicked problem complexities and SSCM characteristics. Through a ground theory approach, we develop a conceptual framework that relates the social, cognitive and temporal complexities of a wicked problem with characteristics of SSCM. Furthermore, we propose business strategies to mediate this relationship. Our contribution highlights the importance of the stakeholder's engagement to develop common sustainability values and language, clarity and transparency in the supply chain activities, and continuity and equity in a long‐term partnership.
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