The heat-pulse method was used to estimate transpiration rates continuously for periods up to 2 years in mature trees of Eucalyptus wandoo and Eucalyptus salmonophloia at 2 topographic locations in a ...remnant native woodland in the Western Australian wheatbelt. Annual transpiration per tree ranged from about 11 400 to 18 000 L per tree. Highest transpiration rates occurred in late spring or early summer, depending on rainfall distribution. The trees were able to rapidly utilize water following heavy rain outside the agricultural growing season. Extrapolating transpiration rates from single trees to an area of woodland showed that annual transpiration at the ridge site was 150 mm and 168 mm at a site alongside a drainage line. Scaling up transpiration from individual trees required caution and should allow for variability in trees and soils. The role of trees in curtailing salinization is discussed.
Two different Ka-band single-pole, double-throw (SPDT) switch circuits using monolithic GaAs epitaxial p-i-n diode technology are presented. The lowest insertion loss is 0.7 dB at 35 GHz, and ...isolation is better than 32 dB from 30 to 40 GHz. The power-handling capability is at least +38 dBm pulsed and +35 dBm continuous wave. Switching speed rise- and fall times are 2 ns.< >
1. We studied the effects of pre‐treatment with oral indomethacin (25 mg four times daily for 3 days) on the pharmacokinetics, haemodynamics and diuretic properties of oral felodipine (10 mg single ...dose) in 12 healthy male volunteers using a placebo controlled double‐blind four‐ way crossover protocol. 2. Felodipine with or without indomethacin pretreatment reduced standing diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001) at 0.5 to 3.0 h after dosing compared with placebo or indomethacin alone. Systolic blood pressures during indomethacin treatment alone were consistently higher than the other three treatment groups (P less than 0.01), presumably due to sodium and fluid retention. 3. Felodipine and felodipine plus indomethacin produced significantly greater excretion of urine and urinary sodium, but not of urinary potassium or creatinine when compared with placebo (P less than 0.01) over an 8 h period. 4. The pharmacokinetic parameters of felodipine (Cmax, tmax, t1/2 and AUC), the concentration‐response curves for blood pressure lowering effects, the reflex tachycardia, diuretic properties and side‐effects profile of felodipine were not significantly altered by indomethacin pretreatment in normal volunteers.
Aerial photogeological interpretation techniques have been used to map the geology, delineate the geological structures and identify the relict channels of three representative dryland salinized ...catchments in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. Much of the variation in groundwater salinity is explained by the distribution of geological structures (dykes, veins and basement highs) in relation to the alluvial systems and relict channels and their effect in modifying groundwater flow. Salinities in the relict channels are generally higher than in other areas of the catchment. Salinity also increases in the direction of groundwater flow along the relict channel. Salinity in groundwaters upstream of geological structures is without exception higher than in other parts of the catchment. The relict channels are found to have an important role in the storage and redistribution of salt in the landscape.
Two cases of pseudomembranous colitis, one associated with administration of ampicillin and the other associated with administration of ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, are reported. ...Both patients presented with diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever and an elevated leukocyte count. Pseudomembranous colitis was diagnosed by sigmoidoscopy and biopsy. Both patients recovered with conservative management.
Carbon dioxide laser incisions are reported to be less painful, less bloody, and less prone to seroma formation and to heal better than scalpel or electrosurgical incisions. We compared all three ...modalities in a prospective randomized study of cholecystectomy incisions. Time required for the incision and incisional blood loss was less with electrosurgery than with the carbon dioxide laser or scalpel. Postoperative pain and wound healing, however, were the same for all three techniques. The carbon dioxide laser appears to offer no advantage over conventional means of making a standard incision.
Scalp and skull necrosis often follow high voltage electrical injury to the head. Classically reconstruction of the scalp and skull is performed after sequestration of the necrotic bone. The ...relatively frequent complication of epidural infection, however, detracts from this approach. As an alternative we have attempted to induce regeneration of devitalized bone by covering it with a vascular tissue flap. A typical patient is described in this report with results which indicate that at least partial regeneration of the necrotic tissue can occur, thus one-stage management of such wounds is possible.
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