A 41‐year‐old man presented to us with left arm and leg weakness and mild word finding difficulties. His preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated abnormal T1 and T2 signal changes ...in the right temporal lobe and basal ganglia, indicative of possible glioma. An awake craniotomy for right temporal lobectomy was performed and the tumor was resected. Full pathologic workup later revealed the patient had two distinct tumors occurring simultaneously, anaplastic astrocytoma and astroblastoma. We review the literature regarding the treatment of anaplastic astrocytoma and astroblastoma and discuss their co‐occurrence.
ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we seek to show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating ...all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 8, we specifically address regions relevant to the posterior cingulate cortex, medial parietal lobe, and the parieto-occipital sulcus.
Abstract
The response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO) criteria have been the gold standard for monitoring treatment response in glioblastoma (GBM) and differentiating tumor progression from ...pseudoprogression. While the RANO criteria have played a key role in detecting early tumor progression, their ability to identify pseudoprogression is limited by post-treatment damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which often leads to contrast enhancement on MRI and correlates poorly to tumor status. Amino acid positron emission tomography (AA PET) is a rapidly growing imaging modality in neuro-oncology. While contrast-enhanced MRI relies on leaky vascularity or a compromised BBB for delivery of contrast agents, amino acid tracers can cross the BBB, making AA PET particularly well-suited for monitoring treatment response and diagnosing pseudoprogression. The authors performed a systematic review of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase through December 2021 with the search terms “temozolomide” OR “Temodar,” “glioma” OR “glioblastoma,” “PET,” and “amino acid.” There were 19 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies utilized 18FFET, five utilized 11CMET, and one utilized both. All studies used static AA PET parameters to evaluate TMZ treatment in glioma patients, with nine using dynamic tracer parameters in addition. Throughout these studies, AA PET demonstrated utility in TMZ treatment monitoring and predicting patient survival.
Abstract
Background. Currently, bevacizumab (BEV), an antiangiogenic agent, is used as an adjunctive therapy to re-irradiation and surgery in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas (rHGG). BEV ...has shown to decrease enhancement on MRI, but it is often unclear if these changes are due to tumor response to BEV or treatment-induced changes in the blood brain barrier. Preliminary studies show that amino acid PET can aid in distinguishing these changes on MRI.
Methods. The authors performed a systematic review of PubMed and Embase through July 2020 with the search terms ‘bevacizumab’ or ‘Avastin’ and ‘recurrent glioma’ and ‘PET,’ yielding 38 papers, with 14 meeting inclusion criteria.
Results. Thirteen out of fourteen studies included in this review used static PET and three studies used dynamic PET to evaluate the use of BEV in rHGG. Six studies used the amino acid tracer 18FFET, four studies used 11CMET, and four studies used 18FFDOPA.
Conclusion. 18FFET, 11CMET, and 18FFDOPA PET in combination with MRI have shown promising results for improving accuracy in diagnosing tumor recurrence, detecting early treatment failure, and distinguishing between tumor progression and treatment-induced changes in patients with rHGG treated with BEV.
ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, ...and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In this chapter, we specifically address regions integrating to form the vertical occipital fasciculus.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
It is widely understood that cortical functions are mediated by complex, interdependent brain networks. These networks have been identified and studied using novel technologies ...such as functional magnetic resonance imaging under both resting-state and task-based conditions. However, no one has attempted to describe these networks in terms of their cortical parcellations.
OBJECTIVE
To describe our approach to network modeling and discuss its significance for the future of neuronavigation in brain surgery using the cortical parcellation scheme detailed within this supplement.
METHODS
Using network models previously elucidated by our group using coordinate-based meta-analytic techniques, we show the anatomic position and underlying white matter tracts of the cortical regions comprising 8 functional networks of the human cerebrum. These network models are displayed using Synaptive's clinically available BrightMatter tractography software (Synaptive Medical, Toronto, Canada).
RESULTS
The relevant cortical parcellations of 8 different cerebral networks have been identified. The fiber tracts between these regions were used to construct anatomically precise models of the networks. Models are described for the dorsal attention, ventral attention, semantic, auditory, supplementary motor, ventral premotor, default mode, and salience networks.
CONCLUSION
Our goal is to move towards more precise, anatomically specific models of brain networks that can be constructed for individual patients and utilized in navigational platforms during brain surgery. We believe network modeling and future advances in navigation technology can provide a foundation for improving neurosurgical outcomes by allowing us to preserve complex brain networks.
AG488 as a therapy against gliomas Ziegler, Jadith; Bastian, Anja; Lerner, Megan ...
Oncotarget,
09/2017, Letnik:
8, Številka:
42
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
High-grade gliomas such as glioblastomas (GBM) present a deadly prognosis following diagnosis and very few effective treatment options. Here, we investigate if the small molecule AG488 can be an ...effective therapy against GBM with both anti-angiogenic as well as an anti-microtubule inhibiting modalities, using a human G55 glioma xenograft model in nude mice. From
studies, we report that AG488 incubation reduced cell viability in G55 and HMEC-1 cells more so than TMZ treatment, and AG488 treatment also decreased cell viability in normal astrocytes, but not as much as for G55 cells (p<0.0001).
investigations indicated that AG488 therapy helped reduce tumor volumes (p<0.0001), prolong survival (p<0.01), increase tumor perfusion (p<0.01), and decrease microvessel density (MVD) (p<0.05), compared to untreated mice or mice treated with non-specific IgG, in the G55 xenograft model. Additionally, AG488 did not induce apoptosis in normal mouse brain tissue. Animal survival and tumor volume changes for AG488 were comparable to TMZ or anti-VEGF therapies, however AG488 was found to be more effective in decreasing tumor-related vascularity (perfusion and MVD). AG488 is a potential novel therapy against high-grade gliomas.
ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 ...distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 6, we specifically address regions relevant to the temporal lobe.
ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we seek to show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating ...all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 7, we specifically address regions relevant to the lateral parietal lobe.
ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 ...distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 4, we specifically address regions relevant to the medial frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex.