ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 ...distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 3, we specifically address regions relevant to the sensorimotor cortices.
ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, ...and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 2, we specifically address regions relevant to the lateral frontal lobe.
ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we seek to show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional ...connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In this chapter, we specifically address regions integrating to form the inferior longitudinal fasciculus.
ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, ...and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In this chapter, we specifically address the regions integrating to form the uncinate fasciculus.
ABSTRACT
The middle longitudinal fasciculus (MdLF) is a small and somewhat controversial white matter tract of the human cerebrum, confined to the posterior superior temporal region from which it ...courses posteriorly to connect at the occipital–parietal interface. The tract appears to be involved in language processing as well as auditory organization and localization, while sub-serving other higher level cognitive functions that have yet to be fully elucidated. Little is known about the specific, interparcellation connections that integrate to form the MdLF. Utilizing diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging tractography coupled with the human cortex parcellation data presented earlier in this supplement, we aim to describe the macro-connectome of the MdLF in relation to the linked parcellations present within the human cortex. The purpose of this study is to present this information in an indexed, illustrated, and tractographically aided series of figures and tables for anatomic and clinical reference.
Objective and design
We sought to determine the effect of necrosis-induced activation of the complement protein C3 in medulloblastoma.
Materials/methods
Twelve medulloblastoma surgical specimens were ...evaluated for complement activation using immunohistochemistry, with H&E stains performed on adjacent tissue sections to determine the relationship of complement activation to necrotic tissue. Flow cytometry and Western blot were performed on three established medulloblastoma lines and one surgically-procured cell culture to determine expression of C3a receptor (C3aR) in medulloblastoma. In vitro proliferation of siRNA C3aR knockdown cells was compared to that of control siRNA cells with cell line Daoy.
Results
Three surgical specimens were found to have necrosis on H&E sections. In each case, iC3b staining was identified on adjacent sections, limited to the necrotic region. In no case did necrosis occur without iC3b staining on adjacent sections. C3aR protein was demonstrated on both the three established cell lines and on the surgical culture. Proliferation assays of Daoy cells with siRNA knockdown vs. control siRNA revealed significantly reduced proliferation at 72 h (
p
= 0.001).
Conclusions
Necrosis is associated with complement activation in medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma cells express C3aR, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of C3aR inhibits proliferation of these cells in vitro.
Highlights • Alien limb is a rare syndrome in which a limb acts involuntarily. • The most common cause of alien limb is corticobasal syndrome. • Lesional alien limb most commonly occurs in the right ...parietal lobe. • We present a case of alien limb secondary to multimodal therapy for recurrent glioma.
ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, ...and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In this chapter, we specifically address regions integrating to form the cingulum.
In this phase II, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in patients with recurrent GBM through NRG oncology, the combination of bevacizumab plus trebananib (an angiopoietin inhibitor) did not ...significantly improve 6m PFS rate, PFS, or OS for patients with recurrent GBM as compared to bevacizumab plus placebo. The Ang1 blocking effects of trebananib may somehow counteract or negate the anti-tumor effects of Ang2-VEGF blockade.
Resection of the T1 contrast-enhancing portion of glioblastoma has been shown to increase patient survival though it is not well-known if GBM resection beyond these boundaries has an additional ...survival benefit.
In this study, we examined the effect of resecting the enhancement and a margin of brain tissue surrounding the enhancement in patients with glioblastoma of the temporal lobe.
We identified 32 consecutive patients with temporal lobe glioblastoma who underwent initial resection between 2012 and 2015. Progression-free and overall survival were analyzed based on the following categories: subtotal resection (STR): <99% of contrast-enhancement removed, gross total resection (GTR): 100% of T1 contrast-enhancement removed, and supramaximal resection (SMR): removal of enhancement plus removal of at least 1 cm of brain tissue surrounding the enhancement.
Patients undergoing SMR demonstrated a substantially improved median progression-free survival (15 months) compared to the GTR (7 months) and STR (6 months) groups (p < 0.003). A median overall survival advantage was also present in the SMR group (24 months) compared to the GTR (11 months) and STR (9 months) groups (p < 0.004). SMR significantly improved progression-free (HR 0.093, CI 0.01-0.89, p = 0.039) and overall survival (HR 0.169, CI 0.05-0.57, p < 0.004) when controlling for other variables. The complication rates did not differ among resection groups (p = 0.66).
Achieving a supramaximal resection substantially improved survival in patients with temporal lobe glioblastoma when compared to gross total resection of the enhancement alone.
PDF
