The reactor antineutrinos are used for the precise measurement of oscillation parameters in the 3-neutrino model, and also used to investigate active-sterile neutrino mixing sensitivity in the
3
+
1
...neutrino framework. In the present work, we study the feasibility of sterile neutrino search with the indian scintillator matrix for reactor anti-neutrino (ISMRAN) experimental set-up using electron antineutrinos (
ν
¯
e
) produced from reactor as a source. The so-called
3
+
1
scenario is considered for active-sterile neutrino mixing, which leads to projected exclusion curves in the sterile neutrino mass and mixing angle plane. The analysis is performed considering both the reactor and detector related parameters. It is found that, the ISMRAN set-up can observe the active-sterile neutrino mixing sensitivity for
sin
2
2
θ
14
≥
0.064
and
Δ
m
41
2
=
1.0
eV
2
at
90
%
confidence level for an exposure of 1 ton-year by using neutrinos produced from the DHRUVA reactor with thermal power of
100
MW
th
. It is also observed that, there is a significant improvement of the active-sterile neutrino mixing parameter
sin
2
2
θ
14
to
∼
0.03 at the same
Δ
m
41
2
by putting the ISMRAN detector set-up at a distance of 20 m from the compact proto-type fast breeder reactor facility with thermal power of 1250
MW
th
.
Remote effects modulating the austral summer precipitation over southern Africa during El Niño/El Niño Modoki events are investigated by analyzing the observed events during December–February of the ...years from 1982/83 to 2010/11. Based on the composite analyses, it is found that southern Africa experiences significantly below normal precipitation during El Niño events compared to El Niño Modoki events. During these latter events, precipitation anomalies are not so significant although southern Africa as a whole receives below normal precipitations. The differences in the spatial distribution of precipitation over southern Africa are seen to be related to the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of the equatorial Pacific through atmospheric teleconnections.
The low-level (850 hPa) Matsuno–Gill response to anomalously high precipitation over the Pacific during El Niño events results in an anomalous anticyclone extending from the equatorial to the subtropical South Indian Ocean. These anomalous anticyclonic winds weaken the tropical moisture flow into the southern Africa landmass. Rossby wave activity flux analysis of the upper-level (300 hPa) circulation shows an anomalous tropospheric stationary wave from the Pacific propagating toward southern Africa and maintaining an anomalous anticyclone over southern Africa. The anomalous Matsuno–Gill response and the anomalous tropospheric stationary wave response are intense during El Niño events, causing drought over southern Africa. During El Niño Modoki events, these processes are weaker compared to El Niño events.
•Leaching kinetics study of Nd from scrap magnet (Nd–Fe–B) by green solvent (CH3COOH).•Process optimization for efficient dissolution of Nd from secondary waste.•Extraction of Nd and Fe are ...quantitative using dilute CH3COOH (0.4M) solution.•Leaching of shrinking-sphere model (1-1-X1/3=kapt).
Leaching kinetics of neodymium was investigated from Nd–Fe–B scrap magnet using green solvent as CH3COOH. The Characterization study of the scarp magnet was performed by XRD and SEM–EDAX to ascertain the phase as Nd2Fe14B (31.05% Nd, 65.15% Fe and 0.66% B). Influence of the factors such as CH3COOH concentrations (0.05–0.8M), agitation speed (200–1000rpm), particle size (45–150μm), temperature (308–353K) and S/L ratio (1–5% (W/V)) affecting on leaching of Nd was investigated to obtain an optimum condition. Maximum yield (99.99%) of Nd along with definite extraction of Fe was resulted at the condition: Agitation speed: 800rpm, S/L: 1% (W/V), temp. 353K, 0.4M CH3COOH and particle size: 106–150μm). The key factors such as CH3COOH concentration and temperature appears to be critical on effective dissolution of both Nd and Fe from the scrap magnet phase. Leaching kinetic results showed best fit with the shrinking-sphere model (1-1-X1/3=kapt) ensuring the overall leaching process is governed by surface chemical control mechanism. The activation energy determined from the experimental study was of +17.13kJ/mol further more supports the proposed chemical control leaching process. Thermodynamics variables like ΔG0, ΔH0 values determined from the Arrhenius plot at varied temperature indicating the feasibility of the leaching reaction of endothermic type. Linear dependence of the plot of log kap on log 1/do and a first order dependence of kap with CH3COOH at 0.4M was derived from the above proposed leaching model.
Lignocellulose is the most plentiful non-food biomass and one of the most inexhaustible renewable resources on the planet, which is an alternative sustainable energy source for the production of ...second generation biofuels. Lignocelluloses are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, in which the sugar polymers account for a large portion of the biomass. Cellulases belong to the glycoside hydrolase family and catalyze the hydrolysis of glyosidic linkages depolymerizing cellulose to fermentable sugars. They are multi-enzymatic complex proteins and require the synergistic action of three key enzymes: endoglucanase (E.C. 3.2.1.4), exoglucanase (E.C. 3.2.1.176) (E.C. 3.2.1.91) and β-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.21) for the depolymerization of cellulose to glucose. Solid state fermentation, which holds growth of microorganisms on moist solid substrates in the absence of free flowing water, has gained considerable attention of late due its several advantages over submerged fermentation. The review summarizes the critical analysis of recent literature covering production of cellulase in solid state fermentation using advance technologies such as consolidated bioprocessing, metabolic engineering and strain improvement, and circumscribes the strategies to improve the enzyme yield.
This investigation proposes the novelty of the modified
(
G
′
G
2
)
-expansion method to look for new exact traveling wave solutions to two important nonlinear evolution equations such as the ...Konno–Oono equation and the Boussinesq equation. The simplicity and dependability of this approach make it advantageous for solving nonlinear issues. The technique involves wave transformation to get the nonlinear evolution equation down to the corresponding ordinary differential equations. The solutions include some new exact traveling solutions and are categorized into three classes of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational solutions. Numerical simulation is used to support the solutions and give them physical meaning. These results contain a large number of travelling wave solutions that are crucial for explaining certain scientific phenomena in fluid media.
•The iron based double perovskite oxides Ca2Fe1-xNixNbO6(x=0, 0.1) were successfully synthesized adopting the physical mixed oxide route and high temperature annealing.•A relatively high remnant ...polarization of 11.8 µC/cm2 with a reduced band gap of 1.9 eV is noticed in the Ni and Fe based ceramic.•The energy storage efficiency of the Ni substituted material increases from 15.52% to 71% with a reduction of hysteresis loss.
In this manuscript, iron based double perovskite oxides Ca2Fe1-xNixNbO6(x=0, 0.1) were successfully synthesized adopting the physical mixed oxide route and high temperature annealing. The influence of Ni substitution on the structure, band gap tuning, leakage current, dielectric, energy storage and magnetic properties of the parent ceramic is also discussed. A relatively high remnant polarization of 11.8 µC/cm2 with a reduced band gap of 1.9 eV is noticed in the Ni modified ceramic. It is found that the saturation magnetization increases from 0.359 emug−1 to 0. 892 emug−1 whereas the leakage current density decreases from 6.869E−6 to 5.52E-6 A/mm2 upon Ni substitution. The enhanced saturation magnetization and ferroelectric properties of the modified ceramic with lesser leakage current increases their energy storage capacity. The energy storage efficiency of the Ni substituted material increases from 15.52% to 71% with a reduction of hysteresis loss. Hence the increase in remnant polarization and decrease in band gap of the Ni modified ceramic aligns it toward ferroelectric photovoltaic application.
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The efficient (site-specific) management of soil nutrients is possible by understanding the spatial variability in distribution of phyto-available nutrients (here after called available nutrients) ...and identifying the soil management zones (MZs) of agricultural landscapes. There is need for delineating soil MZs of agricultural landscapes of the world for efficient management of soil nutrients in order to obtain sustainability in crop yield. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to understand the spatial distribution pattern of available micronutrients (zinc (Zn), boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu)), available sulphur (S), and soil properties (soil acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC) and organic carbon (SOC) content) in soils of intensively cultivated Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) of India and to delineate soil MZs for efficient management of soil nutrients. Totally, 55101 soil samples from 0-15 cm depth were obtained from 167 districts of IGP during 2014 to 2017 and were analysed for different soil parameters. Soil pH, EC and SOC content varied from 4.44 to 9.80, 0.02 to 2.13 dS m.sup.-1 and 0.10 to 1.99%, respectively. The concentration of available Zn, B, Fe, Mn, Cu and S varied from 0.01 to 3.27, 0.01 to 3.51, 0.19 to 55.7, 0.05 to 49.0, 0.01 to 5.29 and 1.01 to 108 mg kg.sup.-1, respectively. Geostatistical analysis resulted in varied distribution pattern of studied soil parameters with moderate to strong spatial dependence. The extent (% area) of nutrient deficiencies in IGP followed the order: S > Zn > B > Mn > Cu > Fe. Principal component analysis and fuzzy c-means clustering produced six distinctly different soil MZs of IGP for implementation of zone-specific soil nutrient management strategies for attaining sustainability in crop yield. The developed MZ maps could also be utilized for prioritization and rationalization of nutrients supply in IGP of India.
Abiotic stresses adversely affect rice yield and productivity, especially under the changing climatic scenario. Exposure to multiple abiotic stresses acting together aggravates these effects. The ...projected increase in global temperatures, rainfall variability, and salinity will increase the frequency and intensity of multiple abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses affect paddy physiology and deteriorate grain quality, especially milling quality and cooking characteristics. Understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms behind grain quality reduction under multiple abiotic stresses is needed to breed cultivars that can tolerate multiple abiotic stresses. This review summarizes the combined effect of various stresses on rice physiology, focusing on grain quality parameters and yield traits, and discusses strategies for improving grain quality parameters using high-throughput phenotyping with
approaches.
In this report, iron based double perovskite oxide Ca
2
Fe
0.85
Ni
0.15
NbO
6
was successfully synthesized adopting the solid state reaction method. The structure and microstructure along with the ...purity, frequency and temperature dependent dielectric properties, energy storage and band gap modulation properties of the ceramic is also discussed. The ceramic shows a small band gap with a high remnant polarization which aligns it toward ferroelectric photovoltaic device applications. The temperature stable dielectric constant of the material up to a high temperature range is useful for MLCC applications. The energy storage density of the material is calculated from room temperature hysteresis loop. The frequency variation of ac conductivity refers Jonscher's law. The temperature variation of frequency exponent term n indicates CBH (correlated barrier hopping), model of the conduction mechanism in the sample. The presence of room temperature M-H loop with negligible magnetization and coercive value indicates the soft ferromagnetic behavior of the ceramic.
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