Olive growing in Croatia has a long tradition and is of great economic and social impact. The present study includes a set of 108 tree samples (88 samples corresponding to 60 presumed cultivars and ...20 trees of unnamed ones) collected from 27 groves in the entire olive growing area, and is the most comprehensive survey to be conducted in Croatia. The genetic diversity, relationships, and structures of olive plants were studied using eight microsatellite loci. All loci were polymorphic and revealed a total of 90 alleles. A total of 74 different genotypes were detected that were subjected to further diversity and genetic relationship studies. The Fitch-Margoliash tree and Bayesian analysis of population structure revealed a complex relationship between the identified olive genotypes, which were clustered into three gene pools, indicating different origins of Croatian olive germplasms. Excluding the redundant germplasms, 44 different genotypes among the sampled trees of well-known cultivars and 16 new local germplasms were identified. In addition, we provide the etymology of 46 vernacular names, which confirms that the vast majority of traditional Croatian cultivars have common and widespread names. The results presented herein underline the importance of safeguarding local cultivars and conducting continuous surveys.
Leaf samples of 226 cultivated olive trees were collected from traditionally managed olive orchards and genotyped with eleven consensual SSR markers. The proportion of shared allele distance was used ...for the estimation of distances between olive genotypes. Cluster analyses were performed using a Fitch–Margoliash least-squares algorithm. The number of different genetic subgroups of olive genotypes (K) was investigated using STRUCTURE analysis. The standardization of allele lengths was performed to enable the comparison SSR profiles of Croatian olive genotypes with olive profiles obtained with the same SSR primers in OleaDB and WOGB databases. Overall, 73 SSR profiles of known Croatian varieties and 53 profiles of unknown olive genotypes were differentiated. Synonyms were detected in 18 varieties, and we found intra-varietal differences in 15 varieties. Three genetic subgroups of olive genotypes were determined. Following allele length standardization achieved using nine referral samples, the genetic profiles of 126 cultivated olive genotypes were compared to OleaDB and WOGB databases, out of which 92 genotypes were found to be unique to Croatian olive germplasm. The results revealed the wide genetic diversity of olive germplasm beyond the known, registered varieties. The FAZ_oliveDB database containing the profiles of 126 Croatian olive genotypes was created and made available for public use.
Olive leaves as a main byproduct of olive oil and fruit industry are a valuable source of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, with multiple biomedical effects. Apart from leaves, olive branches and ...stems make up a significant amount of olive waste. It is well known that the drying process and long-term storage affect the stability and concentration of polyphenols present in raw materials. For that matter, two different means of storing olive waste, at room temperature and +4 °C, were compared by determining the content of the polyphenol oleuropein (OLE) in olive leaf, branch, and stem extracts (LE, BE, and SE) by HPLC-DAD method. Total phenols (TPC),
-diphenols (
-DPC), and total flavonoids (TFC) content in extracts were assessed by UV-Vis measurements. LE prepared from leaves stored at +4 °C had the highest OLE content, 30.7 mg g
of dry extract (DE). SE from stems stored at +4 °C was the richest in TPC and TFC (193 mg GAE/g DE and 82.9 mg CE/g DE, respectively), due to the higher purity of the extract. The biological activity of extracts was determined on cervical cancer (HeLa), melanoma (A375), metastatic melanoma (A375M) tumor cell lines, and on spontaneously immortalized cell line of keratinocytes (HaCaT), using the MTT assay. The data show that all extracts had a similar dose-dependent effect on cell viability in HeLa cells, while the effect of LE on melanoma A375 and A375M, and HaCaT cells was cell-line dependent.
Upotreba kaolinske gline u uzgoju voća Soldo, Tomislav; Duralija, Boris; Benčić, Đani ...
Glasnik Zaštite Bilja,
06/2022, Letnik:
45., Številka:
3.
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Proizvodi na bazi kaolinske gline sve više se koriste u proizvodnji voća, a posebice onoj ekološkoj. Posljednjih godina prisutan je trend značajnog smanjenja broja dozvoljenih konvencionalnih ...sredstava za zaštitu bilja od štetnih organizama, što za posljedicu ima i postupni prijelaz s konvencionalne na ekološku proizvodnju voća. U ovom radu prikazane su mogućnosti korištenja proizvoda na bazi kaolinske gline u voćarstvu. Predstavljene su mogućnosti korištenja kaolinske gline u zaštiti od štetnika i bolesti, smanjenju ekološkog stresa uzrokovanog visokim temperaturama, zaštiti od ožegotina, povećanju uroda, poboljšanom obojenju i kvaliteti ploda. Kaolinska glina ima velike mogućnosti za unaprjeđenje voćarske proizvodnje u Republici Hrvatskoj, napose u ekološkoj proizvodnji, gdje zbog svoje široke primjene i učinkovitosti postaje praktički nezaobilazna.
The roles of phenolics from olive oils as effective anticancer agents have been documented in various in vitro studies of different cancer cells lines, but the relationship between the phenolic ...profile of olive oil and its biological activity needs more elucidation. In this study, we analysed phenolic profiles of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) from different autochthonous cultivars from Croatia (Oblica, Bjelica, Buža, Žižolera) and investigated the biological effect of EVOO phenolic extracts (EVOO-PEs) on human cervical (HeLa) and human colon (SW48) cancer cell lines alone and in combination with cisplatin (cDDP), carboplatin (CBP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and irinotecan. The quantitative evaluation of olive oil polyphenols was performed by HPLC-DAD and spectrophotometric analysis. The biological effect of EVOO-PEs alone and in combination with anticancer drugs was measured by MTT assay. Analysed EVOO-PEs differ in phenolic profile and inhibited HeLa and SW48 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further, it is shown that EVOO-PEs (Oblica-Sea, Buža and Žižolera), in combination with anticancer drugs, increase the metabolic activity of HeLa and SW48 cells and have a protective role. These data imply careful consummation of olive oil during chemotherapy of cancer patients.
Virgin olive oil (VOO) is a functional food specific to the Mediterranean diet and related to human health, especially as a protector of cardiovascular health, in the prevention of several types of ...cancers, and in modification of immune and inflammatory response. Phenolic compounds have central importance for these extraordinary health benefits. In the production of high-quality olive oils, it is very important to process freshly picked olives and avoid any storage of fruits. However, in Croatia there is a very traditional and environmentally friendly method of olive oil production, where olive fruits are stored in seawater for some time prior to processing. This practice is also notable nowadays since there are people who prefer the characteristic flavor of the “seawater olive oil”, although some people argue against its quality and biomedical relevance. In this study, the phenolic contents of VOO prepared from the immediately processed fresh olives and olives processed after storage in seawater were compared with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and spectrophotometric analysis. The results suggest that “seawater olive oil” should be considered as a safe food of biomedical relevance, as it still contains a significant proportion of important phenolics like hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and oleacein (e.g., 63.2% of total phenols in comparison to VOO).
Traditionally grown domesticated apple varieties are known for their adaptability to different climates and a wide range of soil types, and some for resistance to the main diseases. Their evaluation ...and preservation are very important, not only for restoration of traditional orchards, but also as a source of genetic material for breeding new varieties. Micropropagation of the most valuable varieties could be a way to propagate plants for restoration of traditional orchards, or as a prerequisite for ex situ long-term conservation through cryopreservation. Fruit samples were taken from trees 50 or more years old, of 13 traditionally grown domesticated apple varieties in Bjelovar Bilogora County in Croatia. Morphological traits of the fruits were evaluated during 3 years, and chemical characteristics (soluble solids, reducing sugars, acids and total phenol content) were evaluated during one vegetation year. Tissue culture was established from shoot apices approximately 1 mm in size isolated from buds of 1-year-old scion woods. Axillary branching was induced from two types of explants on MS medium with the addition of 2% glucose, 1% sucrose, 0.1 g L−1 myo-inositol, 0.8% agar, 0.2 mg L−1 gibberelic acid (GA3), 0.1 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1.5 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in proliferation medium 1 (PM1) or 2 mg L−1 zeatin (ZEA) in proliferation medium 2 (PM2). The morphological characteristics of the traditionally grown domesticated apple varieties mentioned were not different from their standard values. Average fruit weight (AFW), average fruit height (AFH) and average fruit diameter (AFD) were less than standard values, which can be explained by the age of the fruit trees. Principal component analysis of these traditionally grown domesticated apple varieties showed that fruit traits very important in today’s breeding for new cultivars, like fruit weight, shape, skin color and flesh taste, stand out in explaining the variability. Despite the age of the fruit trees, the fruits still have surprisingly positive chemical characteristics, especially Canadian Reinette for which the highest concentration of total phenols was found. Of the five traditionally grown domesticated apple varieties used, tissue culture was successfully established for Jonathan and Canadian Reinette varieties. Higher multiplication efficiency was obtained for the Jonathan variety. Medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1 BAP produced a significantly higher number of shoots/explant in comparison with those supplemented with ZEA. Morphological features of shoots produced on medium supplemented with ZEA, however, were better. Both explant types, shoots placed in the medium vertically or two-nodal stem segments placed in the medium horizontally, gave similar results for axillary branching.
The influence of harvest time on the intensity of bitterness and the level of phenol compounds in olive oil from the region of western Istria, obtained from 2 local (Bianchera and Busa) and one ...introduced, Italian variety (Leccino) was studied. Olive fruits were harvested at 3 different harvesting periods, during 4 successive crops seasons. Immediately after harvesting, the fruits were processed under the same conditions in a pilot plant. Basic quality parameters, the content of total polyphenols, o‐diphenols and the intensity of bitterness were determined in oil samples. Samples of oil obtained from the Bianchera and Busa varieties were additionally tested for stability at elevated temperature (98 °C) and under the influence of UV‐light.
The results elaborated statistically showed the level of phenol compounds and the intensity of bitterness to be significantly influenced by both the harvest time and olive variety, with the influence of harvest time being more pronounced. The applied tests for accelerated deterioration of oil indicated a more rapid increase in the peroxide value in oil samples of both varieties exposed to UV‐light than in those exposed to elevated temperature. Both tests showed better stability of the oil obtained from the Bianchera variety.
U masliniku starom 17 godina, tijekom svibnja i lipnja 2023. godine, na području šibenskog zaleđa, u mjestu Grabovci praćena je fenofaza cvatnje. Fenofaza cvatnje praćena je na 13 sorti maslina ...(‘Buža’, ‘Ascolana Tenera’, ‘Drobnica’, ‘Oblica’, ‘Picholine Marocaine’, ‘Gemlik’, ‘Istarska bjelica’, ‘Krvavica’, ‘Coratina’, ‘Rosulja’ ‘Leccino’, ‘Pendolino’ i ‘Frantoio’) prema Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt Chemische Industrie (BBCH) skali. Utvrđeno je da na istoj mikrolokaciji različite sorte u jednakim ekološkim uvjetima imaju različiti početak i različito trajanje cvatnje što se može objasniti sortnom karakteristikom. Klimatski uvjeti za vrijeme trajanja cvatnje u 2023. godini na području bili su povoljni za cvatnju promatranih sorata.
Arbuskularna mikoriza je simbiozni odnos pri kojem gljiva prodire u stanice korteksa korijena vaskularne biljke. Selekcija prikladnog soja gljiva, koja ovisi o uzgajanoj kulturi, jedan je od ...najvažnijih faktora za ostvarivanje uspješne arbuskularne mikorize. Jednom kada se ostvari uspješan simbiozni odnos, koji na određeni način predstavlja most između korijena biljke i tla, dolazi do pozitivnog utjecaja na prinos kao i na kvalitetu maslinova ulja. Dosadašnja istraživanja su potvrdila kako arbuskularna mikoriza može pozitivno utjecati na ishranjenost i poboljšano zdravstveno stanje masline, prinos plodova kao i na kemijski sastav maslinovog ulja. Ovakva saznanja omogućuju poboljšanje te moduliranje različitih parametara proizvodnje u maslinarstvu.
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