Early ChildhoodEducation students have very much in mind songswhich maybecome important educational tools. From the subject of "Musical Processes in Early Childhood Education", the thematic unit for ...vocal training trainedfuture teachers in the use of traditional vocal repertoire and, at the same time, in the knowledgeof territorial cultural heritage. We wanted to demonstrate how the competence in "Cultural Awareness and Expressions" could be worked from this early stage, understanding it as a crucial moment for the establishment of respect for cultural otherness.For this purpose, working groups were organized to search for traditional children's songs, in versions from different Spanish autonomous communities. The aim was to carry out a comparative study, so that they could understandthe little difference between them. This allowed them to understand the importanceof the traditionalchildren's repertoire and how it can become a way ofknowing their musical heritage.
El alumnado de Educación Infantil tiene muy presentes canciones que pueden convertirse en importantes herramientas educativas. Desde la asignatura de “Procesos Musicales en Educación Infantil”, la unidad temática destinada a la formación vocal estaba formando al futuro profesorado en el uso del repertorio vocal tradicional y, al mismo tiempo, en el conocimiento del patrimonio cultural territorial. Se quería demostrar cómo la competencia en “Conciencia y Expresiones Culturales” podía ser trabajada desde esta etapa temprana, comprendiéndola como momento crucial para el asentamiento del respeto de la alteridad cultural. Para ello, se organizaron grupos de trabajo que realizaron búsquedas de canciones infantiles tradicionales, en versiones de diferentes comunidades autónomas. Así, se trataba de realizar un estudio comparado, de modo que, pudiesen comprender la escasa diferencia entre ellas. Esto les permitió comprender la importancia del repertorio tradicional infantil y cómo puede llegar a convertirse en una forma de conocer su patrimonio musical.
Resumen La educación de la sociedad española actual pasa por una necesaria revisión de la metodología didáctica para que el sistema educativo pueda responder a las necesidades del alumnado del siglo ...XXI. La pluriculturalidad de éste ha llevado a que el profesorado realice un replanteamiento de sus actos educativos, puesto que pertenece a una generación que no ha vivido en primera persona con las causas y efectos de una situación pluricultural, más allá del hecho obvio de que nuestro territorio nacional se formó sobre las bases de las migraciones de distintos pueblos llegados de distintas partes del mundo. Es decir, que precisan una formación en las distintas opciones educativas comprendidas en los contextos pluriculturales, tales como la Educación Multicultural y la Educación Intercultural, que les capacite para enfrentarse al proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje recurriendo a las líneas educativas características de la multiculturalidad o de la interculturalidad, según preferencias. Ahora bien, la legislación vigente establece que es la interculturalidad la situación que debe perseguirse en el aula; y, para ello, la clase de Música de Educación Primaria se puede convertir en ese punto educativo intercultural por excelencia, debido a que el proceso interpretativo, improvisado o controlado mediante actividades de composición, posibilita la práctica de la comunicación entre culturas. En estas páginas, se ofrecen unas indicaciones para trabajar la composición en este nivel educativo y una revisión de los diferentes motivos que justifican el uso de la composición musical como herramienta educativa intercultural musical por excelencia.
Abstract Education in Spain is undergoing a needed revision to adapt the didactic methodologies in the educational system to the needs of a pluricultural, 21st century student body. This pluriculturalism has led educators to rethink how they teach, as they belong to a generation that has not directly experienced the causes and effects of a pluricultural situation, beyond the obvious fact that our country’s territory was shaped by migratory movements from different parts of the world. In other words, Spanish educators need training in the different educational options available for pluricultural contexts, including multicultural and intercultural education. These approaches can equip them to participate in the teaching/learning process using educational lines that are characterised by multi- or interculturalism (according to preferences, although current legislation establishes interculturalism as the model to follow in the classroom). In that sense, primary school music classes can exemplify the principles of intercultural education; the processes of interpreting music —either through improvisation or in a more controlled way— allow students to put communication between cultures into practice. This paper describes some lessons for working on composition at this educational level and reviews the different reasons for using musical composition as a model tool for intercultural music education.
Primary school music classrooms need to adapt to the emerging educational needs of an increasingly pluricultural student body. This article analyzes different educational approaches that address ...cultural diversity through music, showing how teachers need to be trained in intercultural education to avoid developing interventions that do not respond to the intercultural needs of their student bodies. The different music education approaches analyzed attest to both the enormous progress made in intercultural learning in the music classroom—and to the continuing need for more development of this area.
La relación entre universidad y aulas de Educación Infantil parece concentrarse durante el Prácticum, y queda en el olvido una posible interrelación del currículo universitario con la realidad ...educativa en otras oportunidades de la formación universitaria. El objetivo del estudio fue el análisis de la implementación de una experiencia innovadora en el grado de Maestra o Maestro en Educación Infantil, mediante la participación de docentes de Educación Infantil, estudiantes y profesorado universitario. El estudiantado universitario fue dotado de un corpus teórico relativo a las principales perspectivas curriculares sobre la motricidad infantil, en el marco de la asignatura Didáctica de la Educación Física de la Educación Infantil (Universitat de Valencia, 2017a), complementada con formación práctica en movimiento musical. Se concertaron visitas a centros escolares para observar y reflexionar en relación con las sesiones de psicomotricidad en pequeños grupos. Las estudiantes elaboraron un documento de observación y reflexión en el que relacionaron los contenidos de las aulas universitarias con la experiencia en las aulas de psicomotricidad. Se destaca que la forma en que la maestra facilita la interacción mediante el uso de materiales, la atención a los contenidos referentes a las perspectivas teóricas, y la relación de conocimientos teóricos sobre la estructura de la sesión fueron algunas de las conclusiones elaboradas por el estudiantado. Se demuestra la necesidad de continuar innovando para acercar las aulas universitarias a los contextos educativos reales de las aulas de educación infantil. Finalmente, las visitas a los centros escolares para la observación y reflexión de sesiones de psicomotricidad infantil pueden favorecer la formación del profesorado en Educación Infantil.
Resumen Los libros de texto musicales, en España, han intentado recoger los cambios legislativos promovidos gubernamentalmente, así como las diferencias en el tratamiento del género, mediante la ...representación de la mujer como instrumentista. El libro de texto de Música se convierte en una herramienta de difusión de estereotipos que pueden haber perdido vigencia en el mundo musical, pero que no terminan de interiorizarse debido al impacto de la imagen estereotipada publicada. Se han analizado 2.414 imágenes de 47 libros de texto de Música de Educación Primaria de distintas editoriales españolas para la Comunidad Valenciana con el objetivo de mostrar la evolución y presencia de la mujer como instrumentista (de 1992 a 2011). Se recurrió a un análisis de contenido de carácter cuantitativo con el objetivo de determinar los patrones a gran escala de los mensajes transmitidos por las imágenes; y a un análisis cualitativo en el que fueron seleccionadas unas imágenes con base en los resultados del análisis de contenido cuantitativo. Si bien la presencia de la mujer como instrumentista no ha aumentado considerablemente, su representación con instrumentos tradicionalmente masculinos sí ha sufrido un cambio relevante a nivel cualitativo, si se compara con las representaciones masculinas. Así, existe más representación femenina con instrumentos tradicionalmente masculinos; pero, se la sigue representando menos. Todavía queda mucho camino por recorrer para que los libros de texto de educación musical ofrezcan imágenes de instrumentistas que sean respetuosas con la diversidad sexual; de manera que no contribuyan a la perpetuación de estereotipos sexistas.
Abstract Musical textbooks in Spain have tried to capture the legislative changes promoted by the government, as well as the differences in the treatment of gender, through the representation of women as instrumentalists. The Music textbook becomes a tool for disseminating stereotypes that may have lost their validity in the musical world, which however are not completely internalized due to the impact of the published stereotyped image. Analysis included 2,414 images of 47 Primary Education Music textbooks from different Spanish publishers for the Valencian Community whose aim was to show the evolution and presence of women as instrumentalists (from 1992 to 2011). A quantitative content analysis was used in order to determine the large-scale patterns of the messages transmitted by the images; and a qualitative analysis was also conducted in which some images were selected based on the results of the quantitative content analysis. Although the presence of women as instrumentalists has not increased considerably, their representation playing traditionally male instruments has undergone a relevant change on a qualitative level, when compared to male representations. Thus, there is more female representation with traditionally male instruments; but women musicians are still less represented. There is still a long way to go for music education textbooks to offer images of instrumentalists that are respectful of sexual diversity; so that they will no longer contribute to the perpetuation of sexist stereotypes.
Little is known about the modes of active commuting to and from school (ACS) in toddlers (2-3 years old). The aims of the present study are threefold: (a) to describe the modes of transport to and ...from early childhood education and care (ECEC) institutions in toddlers; (b) to analyze the role of different barriers and neighbourhood characteristics, as perceived by parents, in ACS; and (c) to examine the contribution of ACS on levels of PA. Parents provided written input through a questionnaire about the modes of transport to school they use with their young children, the weekly use-frequency of each mode, as well as the barriers they perceived to walking or riding a bike to ECEC institutions. The final sample consisted of 154 young children from Valencia (Spain). In a randomly selected subsample of 44 children, PA was measured using accelerometers. Cars and strollers were the most common modes of transport in toddlers. Perceived distance to school was negatively correlated to ACS, whereas parents' perceptions around planning/psychosocial barriers was also negatively associated with ACS. There was a significant and positive association between ACS and total PA. However, ACS contributes positively to toddlers' overall PA levels. This study provides information about planning/psychosocial barriers as significant predictors of ACS in toddlers.
Despite recent research showing that early childhood education and daycare settings (ECEC) have an important role in promoting toddlers’ physical activity (PA), crucial information gaps remain ...regarding toddlers' PA and sedentary behavior (SB) in these outdoor settings. We aimed in this study to: (a) analyze PA patterns and SB during unstructured outdoor play time in preschool and daycare environments using accelerometry and systematic observation; (b) provide concurrent accelerometry and observational data to help validate the Observational System for Recording Physical Activity in Children-Preschool Version (OSRAC-P); and (c) examine individual, social and environmental correlates of PA and SB during toddlers’ unstructured outdoor play time. We found that: (a) toddlers displayed high amounts of PA with no sex, BMI, and/or age differences in PA and SB levels,; (b) environmental variables (e.g., fixed equipment and playground density) were not associated with PA levels or SB intensity; (c) the OSRAC-P was a reliable and valid means of observing and analyzing toddlers’ PA patterns during unstructured outdoor play time; and (e) different social patterns between boys and girls did not impact PA levels or patterns. Combining different measurement methods permitted an improved understanding of unstructured outdoor play in preschool and daycare settings.
Our first aim was to evaluate the representation of athletes in the top newspapers in a continental European country during two editions of the Paralympics and Olympics Games (London 2012 and Rio ...2016), by means of quantitative content analysis. The second aim was to critically analyse how athletes are constructed in newspapers using Michel Foucault's theoretical framework on the construction of subjectivities and difference. The newspapers acting as an instrument, use a set of strategies to reinforce the differential treatment of Paralympic versus Olympic athletes: focusing on the effort, dedication and suffering only of athletes participating in the Paralympic Games, newspapers construct a discourse in which they separate, in an apparently natural way, some (Paralympic) athletes from other (Olympic) athletes. Two decades into the 21st century, even the newspapers of a liberal European democracy are using the same pathological model to cover Paralympic athletes who actively participate in sports competitions.
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