Most nurses in the United States have experienced workplace bullying, also referred to as lateral violence. Workplace bullying is serious within professional nursing practice. These behaviors are ...often associated with detrimental consequences for nurses, their patients, and the greater health care organization. We performed a literature review to summarize recent studies on this pervasive yet persistent problem as well as evidence-based solutions. In environments where managers, supervisors, and administrators are unable or unwilling to address lateral violence, a common pattern is that offenders continue to target new employees and cause turmoil for workers and patients in healthcare settings. This work environment also causes harm and endangers patients. Although workplace bullying cannot be fixed with just one solution, there are different initiatives healthcare settings and educational institutions can implement to help prevent and eliminate workplace bullying, such as improving leadership training and interprofessional communication. Once these initiatives are put into practice, healthcare practices can start saving money, increasing employee satisfaction, retaining workers, and providing better healthcare services for their patients.
There is an unmet need for COVID-19 prevention in patient populations who have not mounted or are not expected to mount an adequate immune response to complete COVID-19 vaccination. We previously ...reported that a single subcutaneous 1200 mg dose of the monoclonal antibody combination casirivimab and imdevimab (CAS + IMD) prevented symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections by 81·4% in generally healthy household contacts of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals over a 1-month efficacy assessment period. Here we present additional results, including the 7-month follow-up period (months 2-8), providing additional insights about the potential for efficacy in pre-exposure prophylaxis settings.
This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in the USA, Romania, and Moldova in 2020-2021, before the emergence of omicron (B.1.1.529) and omicron-lineage variants. Uninfected and unvaccinated household contacts of infected individuals, judged by the investigator to be in good health, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 1200 mg CAS + IMD or placebo by subcutaneous injection according to a central randomisation scheme provided by an interactive web response system; randomisation was stratified per site by the test results of a local diagnostic assay for SARS-CoV-2 and age group at baseline. COVID-19 vaccines were prohibited before randomisation, but participants were allowed to receive COVID-19 vaccination during the follow-up period. Participants who developed COVID-19 symptoms during the follow-up period underwent RT-PCR testing. Prespecified endpoints included the proportion of previously uninfected and baseline-seronegative participants (seronegative-modified full analysis set) who had RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 in the follow-up period (post-hoc for the timepoints of months 2-5 and 6-8 only) and underwent seroconversion (ie, became seropositive, considered a proxy for any SARS-CoV-2 infections symptomatic and asymptomatic; prespecified up to day 57, post-hoc for all timepoints thereafter). We also assessed the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04452318.
From July 13, 2020, to Oct 4, 2021, 2317 participants who were RT-PCR-negative for SARS-CoV-2 were randomly assigned, of whom 1683 (841 assigned to CAS + IMD and 842 assigned to placebo) were seronegative at baseline. During the entirety of the 8-month study, CAS + IMD reduced the risk of COVID-19 by 81·2% (nominal p<0·0001) versus placebo (prespecified analysis). During the 7-month follow-up period, protection was greatest during months 2-5, with a 100% relative risk reduction in COVID-19 (nominal p<0·0001; post-hoc analysis). Efficacy waned during months 6-8 (post-hoc analysis). Seroconversion occurred in 38 (4·5%) of 841 participants in the CAS + IMD group and in 181 (21·5%) of 842 in the placebo group during the 8-month study (79·0% relative risk reduction vs placebo; nominal p<0·0001). Six participants in the placebo group were hospitalised due to COVID-19 versus none who received CAS + IMD. Serious treatment-emergent adverse events (including COVID-19) were reported in 24 (1·7%) of 1439 participants receiving CAS + IMD and in 23 (1·6%) of 1428 receiving placebo. Five deaths were reported, none of which were due to COVID-19 or related to the study drugs.
CAS + IMD is not authorised in any US region as of Jan 24, 2022, because data show that CAS + IMD is not active against omicron-lineage variants. In this study, done before the emergence of omicron-lineage variants, a single subcutaneous 1200 mg dose of CAS + IMD protected against COVID-19 for up to 5 months of community exposure to susceptible strains of SARS-CoV-2 in the pre-exposure prophylaxis setting, in addition to the post-exposure prophylaxis setting that was previously shown.
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, F Hoffmann-La Roche, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health.
Craniopharyngiomas are epithelial tumors that typically arise in the suprasellar region of the brain. Patients experience substantial clinical sequelae both from extension of the tumors and from ...therapeutic interventions which damage the optic chiasm, the pituitary stalk, and the hypothalamic area. Using whole exome sequencing we identified mutations in beta-catenin (CTNNB1) in nearly all adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (11/12; 92%) and recurrent mutations in BRAF (V600E) in all papillary craniopharyngiomas (3/3; 100%). Targeted genotyping revealed BRAF V600E in 95% of papillary craniopharyngiomas (36 of 39 tumors) and CTNNB1 mutation in 96% of adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (51 of 53 tumors). The CTNNB1 and BRAF mutations were clonal in each tumor subtype and no other recurrent mutations or genomic aberrations were detected in either subtype. Adamantinomatous and papillary craniopharyngiomas harbor mutations that are mutually exclusive and clonal. These findings have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of these neoplasms.
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at a greater risk of mortality and cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention than those without DM. We aimed to determine whether ...differences exist in the long-term mortality of patients with versus without DM who present with acute myocardial infarction and receive drug-eluting stents. Data were collected on 161 patients with and 395 without DM referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction and treated with drug-eluting stents. The patients with cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock were excluded. The 1-year major cardiac event (MACE) rates, defined as death, Q-wave myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization, were compared between the 2 groups. The patients with DM were sicker at baseline. The MACE rates at 1 year were significantly increased in those with DM compared to those without DM. This was primarily driven by all-cause mortality. No differences in Q-wave myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, stent thrombosis, type of drug-eluting stents used, or procedure-related renal failure were seen. No differences were found in death or MACE rates at 1 year after adjusting for age, gender, race, systemic hypertension, peripheral artery disease, and a history of chronic renal failure between the 2 groups (weighted log-rank statistic, p = 0.37 and p = 0.37, respectively). In patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction, those with DM were sicker than those without DM. In conclusion, after correction for co-morbid conditions, no difference was seen in the 1-year MACE or death rates between those with and without DM who presented with acute myocardial infarction and were treated with drug-eluting stents.
We report on an improved method to interpret single molecule dissociation measurements using atomic force microscopy. We describe an easy to use methodology to reject nonspecific binding events, as ...well as estimating the number of multiple binding events. The method takes nonlinearities in the force profiles into account that result from the deformation of the used polymeric linkers. This new method is applied to a relevant enzyme-inhibitor system, latent matrix metalloprotease 9 (ProMMP-9, a gelatinase), and its inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases 1 (TIMP 1), which are important players in cancer metastasis. Our method provides a measured kinetic off-rate of 0.010 ± 0.003 s(-1) for the dissociation of ProMMP9 and TIMP1, which is consistent with values measured by ensemble methods.
Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 43953; published online: 09 March 2017; updated: 05 April 2017 In this Article, Javier Martin is incorrectly listed as being affiliated with “Departamento de ...Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain”. The correct affiliation is listed below:
Craniopharyngiomas are epithelial tumors that typically arise in the suprasellar region of the brain. Patients experience substantial clinical sequelae both from extension of the tumors and from ...therapeutic interventions which damage the optic chiasm, the pituitary stalk, and the hypothalamic area. Using whole exome sequencing we identified mutations in beta-catenin (CTNNB1) in nearly all adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (11/12; 92%) and recurrent mutations in BRAF (V600E) in all papillary craniopharyngiomas (3/3; 100%). Targeted genotyping revealed BRAF V600E in 95% of papillary craniopharyngiomas (36 of 39 tumors) and CTNNB1 mutation in 96% of adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (51 of 53 tumors). The CTNNB1 and BRAF mutations were clonal in each tumor subtype and no other recurrent mutations or genomic aberrations were detected in either subtype. Adamantinomatous and papillary craniopharyngiomas harbor mutations that are mutually exclusive and clonal. These findings have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of these neoplasms.
PDF
