V. CONCLUSION This is an ongoing project, requiring further evaluation to assess the impact of this pre-internship training strategy on key procedural skills learning and future practice that is ...expected in obstetrics. ...incorporating relevant, refresher anatomy sessions into clinical teaching, even when held virtually, can benefit students to review the core concepts of basic sciences and apply it to clinical practice. Notes on Contributors Vidya Kushare initiated and designed the project, conducted the virtual anatomy review sessions, prepared the video, the quiz and the feedback questionnaire, performed the data collection and data analysis, wrote the manuscript and presented this in a conference.
The static response of softcore doubly-curved sandwich shallow shells under hygro-thermo-mechanical loading is presented herein using a fifth-order shell theory which considers the effects of ...transverse normal strains and stresses at the same time. The present theory accounts for non-linear variations of displacements. The strain-displacement relations take into account only small curvatures following a shallow shell description. The present theory ensured the traction-free boundary conditions at the top and the bottom faces of the shell. The governing equations along with the natural and essential boundary conditions are derived using the principle of virtual work. The governing equations are solved by using Navier's method. Three layered sandwich shallow shells of double curvature subjected to hygro-thermo-mechanical loading are analyzed. The accuracy and efficacy of the present theory are proved by applying it to the benchmark solutions available in the literature and then the present theory is extended for the analysis of softcore sandwich shells of double curvature. Since an exact 3D elasticity solution is not available for many such problems; this paper can be serving as a benchmark reference solution for future researchers working in this area.
In the present study, thermoelastic analysis of laminated composite and sandwich shells (cylindrical/spherical) is presented using fifth-order shear and normal deformation theory. The significant ...characteristic of the present theory is that it includes the effects of both transverse shear and normal deformations. The mathematical formulation uses the principle of virtual work to derive the variationally consistent governing equations and traction free boundary conditions. To obtain the static solution, these governing equations are solved by employing Navier's solution technique. The shell is subjected to a mechanical/thermal load sinusoidally distributed over the top surface of the shell. The thermal load linearly varies across the thickness of the shell. The present results are compared with other higher-order models and 3D elasticity solution wherever possible. Thermal stresses presented in this study will act as a benchmark for the future work.
Six male Tharparkar cattle aged 2–3 years were selected for the study. The animals were acclimatized in the psychrometric chamber at thermoneutral zone (TNZ) for 15 days and then exposed to 42 °C ...temperature up to 23 days followed by 12 days of recovery period. Physiological responses were estimated, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated at TNZ on day 1, day 5, and day 12; after 6 h of heat stress exposure on day 16 to day 20, day 25, day 30, day 32, day 34, day 36, and day 38; and a recovery period on day 45 and day 50. The PBMCs were cultured to study the effect of thermal challenge on HSP70 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression pattern at different temperature-time combinations. The mRNA and protein expression of HSP70 in PBMCs along with serum extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) was increased (
P
< 0.05) and showed two peaks on day 17 and day 32 (2nd and 17th days of thermal challenge, respectively). The HSP70 mRNA expression was increased (
P
< 0.05) in a temperature- and time-dependent manner in heat stress challenge treatment as compared to control in cultured PBMCs. HSP70 expression was found to be higher (
P
< 0.05) after 10 days of heat exposure (corresponds to chronic heat stress) as compared to the first 5 days of heat stress (corresponds to short-term heat stress) and control period at TNZ. The present findings indicate that HSP70 is possibly involved in heat stress adaptive response in Tharparkar cattle and the biphasic expression pattern may be providing a second window of protection during chronic heat stress.
The tailoring of electrical conductivity and thermoelectric properties of conducting polymer through chemical dopants is an important area of research. However in the present work we demonstrate that ...the exposure of PEDOT:PSS films to high energy electron beam to improve its thermoelectric properties. The electron beam treatment of the films was carried out with 10 MeV RF accelerator by delivering dose up to 75 kGy in steps. The electrical conductivity was found to enhance linearly while the Seebeck coefficient systematically decreases with increasing dose up to 25 kGy and over all power factor improves till 10 kGy. In depth characterizations using PL, UV–Vis, FESEM, XPS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy revealed that on irradiation the losses of PSS units and associated structural modifications along with increase in oxidation level of PEDOT component are responsible for improved conductivity and lowering of Seebeck coefficient. The study also highlights the utilization of flexible and simply prepared PEDOT:PSS thin films as potential radiation dosimeter based upon linear rise in electrical conductivity with increasing dose of electron beam.
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•E-beam treatment improves the thermoelectric parameters of PEDOT:PSS(5% DMSO) film.•Electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS(5%DMSO) film enhanced linearly with e-beam dose.•PEDOT:PSS(5% DMSO doped) films can be applied as potential e-beam dosimeter.•Electron beam treatment is facile route to tune properties of conducting polymers.
Six male Tharparkar cattle of 2–3 years old were selected for the study. After 15 days acclimation at thermo neutral zone (TNZ) in psychrometric chamber, animals were exposed at 42°C for 6h up to 23 ...days followed by 12 days of recovery period. Blood samples were collected during control period at TNZ (day 1, 5 and 12), after heat stress exposure (day 1–10, Short Term Heat Stress Acclimation - STHSA; day 15–23, Long Term Heat Stress Acclimation - LTHSA) and recovery period (day 7 and 12) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated for RNA and protein extraction. Serum cortisol concentration was assessed by RIA. The mRNA and protein expression in PBMCs were determined by qPCR and western blot respectively. Samples at TNZ were taken as control. Serum cortisol concentration was increased (P<0.05) during STHSA and gradually declined during LTHSA. Toll like receptor 2 (TLR 2) expression was up regulated (P<0.05) during STHSA and declined to basal level during LTHSA and recovery phase. However, toll like receptor 4 (TLR 4) expression was up regulated (P<0.05) during STHSA and LTHSA while declined in recovery phase. Interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 6 (IL 6) were up regulated (P<0.05) during STHSA and reduced to basal level during LTHSA. PBMCs culture study was conducted to study transcriptional abundance of TLR2/4 and IL2/6 at different temperature-time combinations. The present findings indicate that TLR 2/4 and IL 2/6 could possibly play a vital role in thermo tolerance in Tharparkar cattle during short term and long term heat stress exposure.
•Expression of TLRs and interleukins were studied during heat exposure in cattle.•Expression of TLR2/4 and IL2/6 was modified during heat exposure.•This indicate TLR 2/4 and IL 2/6 play a vital role in thermo tolerance in cattle.
Parasitism is an arms race, where host and parasite try to out-compete each other. Ants are no exception to parasitism and are parasitized by several organisms including ants themselves. Some ...blowflies use ants as a resource for the completion of their life cycle. For the first time, we report in detail such an association between species of blowfly genus
Stomorhina
and Himalayan ants of Genus
Myrmica.
The present study investigated the expression and localization of FGF and its functional receptors in the follicle of buffalo and the treatment of FGF2 on mRNA expression of CYP19A1 (aromatase), ...PCNA, and BAX (BCL-2 associated X protein) in cultured buffalo granulosa cells (GCs). Follicles were classified into four groups based on size and E2 level in follicular fluid (FF): F1, 4–6mm diameter, E2<0.5ng/ml of FF; F2, 7–9mm, E2=0.5–5ng/ml; F3, 10–13mm, E2=5–40ng/ml; F4, >14mm, E2>180ng/ml. The qPCR studies revealed that the mRNA expression of FGF1, FGF2 and FGF7 were maximum (P<0.05) in theca interna (TI) whereas the transcripts of FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR2IIIB and FGFR2IIIC were up-regulated (P<0.05) in GCs of F4 follicles. Protein expression of most members were maximum (P<0.05) in F4 follicles except FGFR3 and FGFR4. All members were localized in GC and TI with a stage specific immunoreactivity. Primary culture of GCs with treatment of FGF2 at different dose-time combinations revealed that the mRNA expression and immunoreactivity of CYP19A1 and PCNA were maximum (P<0.05) whereas BAX was minimum (P<0.05) with 200ng/ml at 72h of incubation. The findings indicate that FGF family members are expressed in a regulated manner in buffalo ovarian follicles during different stages of development where FGF2 may promote steroidogenesis and GC survival through autocrine and paracrine manner.
•FGF family members are expressed in regulated manner during different stages of follicular development in Bubalus bubalis.•FGF2 stimulates granulosa cell steroidogenesis.•FGF2 possibly acts as a cytoprotective factor. Thereby it promotes granulosa cell survival.
A relevant species in waste management but also in forensic, medical, and veterinary sciences is the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus; Diptera: Stratiomyidae). An ultrastructural study ...by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted for the first time on maxillary palps of both sexes, describing in detail the morphology and distribution of sensilla and microtrichia. The maxillary palps, composed of two segments, show sexual dimorphism in length and shape. In both sexes, the first segment is covered only by microtrichia, but the second one is divided into two parts: the proximal one, covered only by microtrichia, and the distal one containing both microtrichia and sensory structures. These structures include two types of sensory pits and one of chaetic sensilla. Due to sexual dimorphism in palp size, females have a higher number of sensory pits. The sexual dimorphism of palps and the presence and role of sensilla in H. illucens was discussed in comparison to other species of the family Stratiomyidae and of other Diptera. This study may represent a base for further investigations on mouthpart structures of this species, involved in key physiological activities, such as feeding, mating and oviposition.
Summary
Resource discovery on Internet‐of‐Things paradigm is an eminent challenge due to data‐specific activities with respect to foraging and sense‐making loops. The prerequisite to deal with the ...challenge is to process and analyze the data that require resources to be indexed, ranked, and stored in an efficient manner. A novel clustering technique is proposed to resolve the specified challenge. The technique, namely, iterative k‐means clustering algorithm, targets concrete cluster formation using similarity coefficients of vector space model and performs efficient search against matching criteria with respect to complexity. It is simulated on MATLAB, and the obtained results are compared with fuzzy k‐means and fuzzy c‐means clustering algorithm with similarity coefficients of vector space model against exponential increase in the number of resources.
Contributions The paper has proposed novel technique for resource discovery on IoT, ie, IKm‐CA, which mitigates the problem of selecting erroneous or empty data points to clusters. The technique is efficient in terms of searching and computational time with minimal complexity. The performance of IKm‐CA is compared with existing methods, ie, FKM and FCM, with similarity coefficients of the vector space model, on the basis of various parameters such as similarity searches and search time.
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