In this paper we describe the OpenGeoSys (OGS) project, which is a scientific open-source initiative for numerical simulation of thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical processes in porous media. The basic ...concept is to provide a flexible numerical framework (using primarily the Finite Element Method (FEM)) for solving multifield problems in porous and fractured media for applications in geoscience and hydrology. To this purpose OGS is based on an object-oriented FEM concept including a broad spectrum of interfaces for pre- and postprocessing. The OGS idea has been in development since the mid-eighties. We provide a short historical note about the continuous process of concept and software development having evolved through Fortran, C, and C++ implementations. The idea behind OGS is to provide an open platform to the community, outfitted with professional software-engineering tools such as platform-independent compiling and automated benchmarking. A comprehensive benchmarking book has been prepared for publication. Benchmarking has been proven to be a valuable tool for cooperation between different developer teams, for example, for code comparison and validation purposes (DEVOVALEX and CO
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BENCH projects). On one hand, object-orientation (OO) provides a suitable framework for distributed code development; however, the parallelization of OO codes still lacks efficiency. High-performance-computing efficiency of OO codes is subject to future research.
Catalytic asymmetric deprotonation-aldehyde trapping-ring expansion from a 5- to a 6-ring delivers a concise route to each stereoisomer of beta-hydroxy piperidines starting from N-Boc pyrrolidine. ...The methodology is utilized in a 5-step catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the neorokinin-1 receptor antagonist, (+)-L-733,060.
Aryl unplugged: Two conceptually new disconnections are equivalent to arylation of enantioenriched carbanions obtained by asymmetric deprotonation. One retrosynthesis (see scheme, above) involves ...N‐Boc pyrrolidine (Boc=tert‐butoxycarbonyl, Ar=aryl) and an organozinc intermediate, and the other (below) O‐alkyl carbamates with organoboron intermediates.
We propose a new core inflation measure for the Euro area which places the emphasis on the more lasting, i.e. persistent, price developments at a disaggregated level. The importance of each component ...of the HICP is reweighted according to its relative persistence, as measured by the sum of the autoregressive coefficients or by an indicator of mean reversion. Unlike headline inflation, our baseline core inflation measure is highly correlated with ECB monetary policy decisions, which could mean that they contain ex ante (pre monetary policy) information on inflationary pressure.
This paper synthesises the implications of recent statistical evidence regarding inflation persistence in the euro area. For aggregate data, the degree of inflation persistence appears to be very ...high for sample periods spanning multiple decades but falls dramatically once we allow for time variation in the mean level of inflation; furthermore, the timing of these breaks in mean generally coincides with observed shifts in the monetary policy regime. Finally, sectoral inflation series exhibit much less persistence than aggregate inflation, mainly because of the influence of transitory sector-specific shocks.
Aryl‐Abkupplung: Zwei neuartige retrosynthetische Schnitte entsprechen einer Arylierung von enantiomerenangereicherten Carbanionen, die nach einer asymmetrischen Deprotonierung erhalten werden. Die ...obere Retrosynthese beruht auf N‐Boc‐Pyrrolidin (Boc = tert‐Butoxycarbonyl) und einer Organozinkzwischenstufe, die untere auf O‐Alkylcarbamaten und Organoborintermediaten.
This paper uses disaggregated CPI time series to show that a break in the mean of French inflation occurred in the mid-eighties and that the 1983 monetary policy shift mostly accounted for it. CPI ...average yearly growth declined from nearly 11% before the break date (May 1985) to 2.1% after. No other break in the 1973-2004 sample period can be found. Controlling for this mean break, both aggregate and sectoral inflation persistence are stable and low, with the unit root lying far in the tail of the persistence estimates. However, persistence differs dramatically across sectors. Finally, the duration between two price changes (at the firm level) appears positively related with inflation persistence (at the aggregate level).
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