Abstract As the most abundant animal in the soil, nematodes are directly or indirectly involved in almost all soil ecological processes. Studying soil nematode population regulation is essential to ...understanding soil ecological processes. This study found urea combines nematode-trapping fungi to regulate the population of soil nematodes. In soil, compared with no urea, adding 0.2 mg/mL urea after applying Arthrobotrys oligospora and Dactylellina ellipsospora reduced the number of nematodes by 34.7% and 31.7%. Further, the mechanism of urea couple nematode-trapping fungi to regulate the nematode population was explored in the medium environment. The results showed that the addition of 0.2 mg/ml urea accelerated the trap formation of A. oligospora and D. ellipsosporas by 50% and 46.5%, and increased the yield of traps of A. oligospora and D. ellipsosporas by 39.5% and 40.6%, thus, the predatory efficiency of A. oligospora and D. ellipsospora on nematodes was increased by 34.2% and 32.7%. In conclusion, urea regulates the predation ability of A. oligospora and D. ellipsosporas to regulate the soil nematode population. This study deepens the understanding of the regulatory pathways of the soil nematodes but also provides a potential new strategy for harmful nematode bio-control.
Freshwater Dothideomycetes Dong, Wei; Wang, Bin; Hyde, Kevin D. ...
Fungal diversity,
11/2020, Letnik:
105, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Freshwater Dothideomycetes are a highly diverse group of fungi, which are mostly saprobic in freshwater habitats worldwide. They are important decomposers of submerged woody debris and leaves in ...water. In this paper, we outline the genera of freshwater Dothideomycetes with notes and keys to species. Based on multigene analyses and morphology, we introduce nine new genera,
viz
.
Aquimassariosphaeria
,
Aquatospora
,
Aquihelicascus
,
Fusiformiseptata
,
Neohelicascus
,
Neojahnula
,
Pseudojahnula
,
Purpureofaciens
,
Submersispora
; 33 new species,
viz
.
Acrocalymma bipolare
,
Aquimassariosphaeria kunmingensis
,
Aquatospora cylindrica
,
Aquihelicascus songkhlaensis
,
A. yunnanensis
,
Ascagilis submersa
,
A. thailandensis
,
Bambusicola aquatica
,
Caryospora submersa
,
Dictyocheirospora thailandica
,
Fusiformiseptata crocea
,
Helicosporium thailandense
,
Hongkongmyces aquaticus
,
Lentistoma aquaticum
,
Lentithecium kunmingense
,
Lindgomyces aquaticus
,
Longipedicellata aquatica
,
Neohelicascus submersus
,
Neohelicomyces dehongensis
,
N. thailandicus
,
Neohelicosporium submersum
,
Nigrograna aquatica
,
Occultibambusa kunmingensis
,
Parabambusicola aquatica
,
Pseudoasteromassaria aquatica
,
Pseudoastrosphaeriella aquatica
,
Pseudoxylomyces aquaticus
,
Purpureofaciens aquatica
,
Roussoella aquatica
,
Shrungabeeja aquatica
,
Submersispora variabilis
,
Tetraploa puzheheiensis
,
T. yunnanensis
; 16 new combinations, viz.
Aquimassariosphaeria typhicola
,
Aquihelicascus thalassioideus
,
Ascagilis guttulaspora
,
A. queenslandica
,
A. seychellensis
,
A. sunyatsenii
,
Ernakulamia xishuangbannaensis
,
Neohelicascus aquaticus
,
N. chiangraiensis
,
N. egyptiacus
,
N. elaterascus
,
N. gallicus
,
N. unilocularis
,
N. uniseptatus
,
Neojahnula australiensis
,
Pseudojahnula potamophila
; 17 new geographical and habitat records, viz.
Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis
,
Aquastroma magniostiolata
,
Caryospora aquatica
,
C. quercus
,
Dendryphiella vinosa
,
Ernakulamia cochinensis
,
Fissuroma neoaggregatum
,
Helicotruncatum palmigenum
,
Jahnula rostrata
,
Neoroussoella bambusae
,
N. leucaenae
,
Occultibambusa pustula
,
Paramonodictys solitarius
,
Pleopunctum pseudoellipsoideum
,
Pseudocapulatispora longiappendiculata
,
Seriascoma didymosporum
,
Shrungabeeja vadirajensis
and ten new collections from China and Thailand, viz.
Amniculicola guttulata
,
Aquaphila albicans
,
Berkleasmium latisporum
,
Clohesyomyces aquaticus
,
Dictyocheirospora rotunda
,
Flabellascoma fusiforme
,
Pseudoastrosphaeriella bambusae
,
Pseudoxylomyces elegans
,
Tubeufia aquatica
and
T. cylindrothecia
.
Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis
and
Tubeufia roseohelicospora
are synonymized with
D. vinosa
and
T. tectonae
, respectively. Six orders, 43 families and 145 genera which belong to freshwater Dothideomycetes are reviewed. Of these, 46 genera occur exclusively in freshwater habitats. A world map illustrates the distribution of freshwater Dothideomycetes.
To date there is virtually no information available concerning the fungi associated with
Tectona grandis
(teak) (
Lamiaceae
) in Thailand. In this study, samples of microfungi were collected from ...both asymptomatic stems and dead wood, and symptomatic branches, stem and leaves of
T. grandis
from 27 sites in six provinces (Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Phitsanulok, Phrae and Uttaradit Provinces). Morphology and combined multi-gene phylogeny (CAL, GAPDH, ITS, LSU, RPB2, SSU, TEF1 and TUB) were used to identify taxa. A total of 270 collections, representing 28 fungal species residing in 12 families, 7 orders and 21 genera, with three species of uncertain taxonomic placement were identified. Of these, one family, three genera and 14 species are new to science. The new family,
Pseudocoleodictyosporaceae
is introduced based on its distinct lineage in the Dothideomycetes and its unique morphology as compared to
Roussoellaceae
and
Torulaceae
. The new genera are
Neooccultibambusa
,
Pseudocoleodictyospora
and
Subglobosporium
. The newly described species are
Diaporthe neoraonikayaporum
,
D. tectonendophytica
,
D. tectonae
,
D. tectonigena
,
Hermatomyces tectonae
,
H. thailandica
,
Manoharachariella tectonae
,
Neooccultibambusa chiangraiensis
,
Pseudocoleodictyospora sukhothaiensis
,
Ps. tectonae
,
Ps. thailandica
,
Rhytidhysteron tectonae
,
Subglobosporium tectonae
and
Tubeufia tectonae
. Fourteen species are known published taxa including
Alternaria tillandsiae
,
Berkleasmium talaumae
,
Boerlagiomyces macrospora
,
Ceratocladium purpureogriseum
,
Fusarium solani
,
Helicoma siamense
,
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
,
Macrovalsaria megalospora
,
Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum
,
Phaeoacremonium italicum
,
Sphaeropsis eucalypticola
,
Stachybotrys levispora
,
St. renispora
and
Thaxteriellopsis lignicola
. Epitypifications or reference specimens are designated for
Boerlagiomyces macrospora
and
Macrovalsaria megalospora. Macrovalsaria megalospora
is transferred from
Botryosphaeriaceae
to Dothideomycetes genus,
incertae sedis
based on taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis, which indicate it is distinct from
Botryosphaeriaceae
. All fungal species represent first reports on
T. grandis
in Thailand. New taxa and taxa
incertae sedis
, as well as known taxa which are established as reference specimens or epitypes, are presented with phylogenetic tree analyses, habitat, known distribution, material examined, full descriptions, notes and figures. Information is also provided for known taxa to add to the body of knowledge and to assist those wishing to study fungi occurring on
T. grandis
in future.
Our studies on lignicolous aquatic fungi in Thailand, Sweden, and the UK resulted in the collection of three new
Halobyssothecium
species (
H
.
bambusicola
,
H
.
phragmitis
,
H
.
versicolor
) ...assigned to Lentitheciaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Multi-loci phylogenetic analyses of the combined large subunit, small subunit, internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA, and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha sequence data enabled a revision of the taxa assigned to
Lentithecium
and the transfer of
L
.
cangshanense
,
L
.
carbonneanum
,
L. kunmingense
,
L
.
unicellulare
, and
L
.
voraginesporum
to
Halobyssothecium
. Collection of an asexual morph of
L
.
lineare
and phylogenetic analysis confirmed its taxonomic placement in
Keissleriella
. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of
H
.
bambusicola
,
H
.
phragmitis
, and
H
.
versicolor
are provided.
The type specimens of
Auerswaldia
,
Auerswaldiella
,
Barriopsis
,
Botryosphaeria
,
Leptoguignardia
,
Melanops
,
Neodeightonia
,
Phaeobotryon, Phaeobotryosphaeria, Phyllachorella, Pyrenostigme, ...Saccharata
,
Sivanesania
,
Spencermartinsia
and
Vestergrenia
were examined and fresh specimens of
Botryosphaeriales
were collected from Thailand. This material is used to provide a systematic treatment of
Botryosphaeriales
based on morphology and phylogeny. Two new genera,
Botryobambusa
and
Cophinforma
are introduced and compared with existing genera. Four species new to science,
Auerswaldia dothiorella
,
A. lignicola
,
Botryosphaeria fusispora
and
Phaeobotryosphaeria eucalypti,
are also described and justified. We accept 29 genera in
Botryosphaeriales
, with
Macrovalsaria
being newly placed. In the phylogenetic tree, the 114 strains of
Botyrosphaeriales
included in the analysis cluster into two major clades with 80 %, 96 % and 1.00 (MP, ML and BY) support, with Clade A containing the family type of
Botryosphaeriaceae
, and Clade B containing
Phyllosticta
,
Saccharata
and
Melanops
species. This group may represent
Phyllostictaceae
. In Clade A the taxa analyzed cluster in eight sub-clades (Clades A1–8). Clade A1 comprises three distinct subclusters corresponding to the genera
Diplodia
(
Diplodia
Clade),
Neodeightonia
(
Neodeightonia
Clade) and
Lasiodiplodia
(
Lasiodiplodia
Clade)
.
Clade A2 clusters into three groups representing
Phaeobotryosphaeria
(100 %)
, Phaeobotryon
(100 %) and
Barriopsis
(94 %). Clade A3 incorporates 17 strains that cluster into three well-supported genera (
Dothiorella
(86 %),
Spencermartinsia
(100 %) and
Auerswaldia
(63 %); the position of
Macrophomina
is not stable. Clade A4 is a single lineage (100 %) representing the new genus
Botryobambusa
. Clade A5 is a well-supported subclade incorporating
Neofussicoccum
. Clade A6 represents the type species of
Botryosphaeria
, three other
Botryosphaeria
species and two other genera,
Neoscytalidium
and
Cophinforma
gen. nov. Clade A7 comprises two
Pseudofusicoccum
species and Clade A8 has two
Aplosporella
species. These sub-clades may eventually require separate families but this requires analysis of a much larger dataset. Our data advances the understanding of
Botryosphaeriales,
there is, however, still much research to be carried out with resolution of families and genera, linkage of sexual and asexual morphs and differentiation of cryptic species.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the worldwide most important mycotoxins in terms of health and agroeconomic consequences. With the aim to promote the use of phytochemicals as alternatives to synthetic ...fungicides, the effect of hydroxycinnamic acids on the fungal growth and OTA yield by two major OTA-producing species was investigated. After a first step dedicated to the definition of most suitable culture conditions, the impact of 0.5 mM ferulic (FER),
-coumaric (COUM), caffeic and chlorogenic acids was evaluated on
and
. Whereas no fungal growth reduction was observed regardless of the phenolic acid and fungal isolate, our results demonstrated the capacity of FER and COUM to inhibit OTA production. The most efficient compound was FER that led to a 70% reduction of OTA yielded by
and, although not statistically significant, a 35% inhibition of OTA produced by
. To further investigate the bioactivity of FER and COUM, their metabolic fate was characterized in fungal broths. The capacity of
to metabolize FER and COUM through a C
-clivage type degradation was demonstrated. Overall, our data support the potential use of FER to prevent OTA contamination and reduce the use of synthetic pesticides.
The genera Lophiostoma, Misturatosphaeria and several other allied taxa in Lophiostomataceae are revisited. Accounts of these taxa, including their history, morphology, and family placement, based on ...molecular phylogeny, are provided. Type or representative specimens of Lophiostoma and Misturatosphaeria were examined and fresh specimens were obtained from Germany, Italy, Japan and Thailand. A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the lophiostomataceous genera Floricola, Lophiostoma, Misturatosphaeria and related taxa is provided. Sixteen genera including Lophiostoma, Lophiohelichrysum, Dimorphiopsis, Platystomum and Vaginatispora, plus eleven newly introduced genera Biappendiculispora, Alpestrisphaeria, Capulatispora, Coelodictyosporium, Guttulispora, Lophiopoacea, Neotrematosphaeria, Paucispora, Pseudolophiostoma, Pseudoplatystomum and Sigarispora are accepted in Lophiostomataceae based on morphology and phylogeny. Lophiostoma caulium, Lophiostoma arundinis and Lophiostoma caudatum are accommodated in Sigarispora. Lophiostoma winteri and Lophiostoma fuckelii are placed in the genera Lophiopoacea and Vaginatispora respectively. Three Curreya species and Misturatosphaeria claviformis are transferred to a new genus, Neocurreya. All other Misturatosphaeria species except Misturatosphaeria aurantiinotata and M. uniseptata are separated in the new genera Asymmetrispora, Aurantiascoma, Magnibotryascoma, Pseudoaurantiascoma and Pseudomisturatosphaeria based on their morphological and phylogenetic affinities. Another new genus, Ramusculicola is introduced for a new collection from Thailand. These seven new genera are accommodated in a new family Floricolaceae, together with Floricola and Misturatosphaeria. Several massarina-like species clustered as a sister clade to Amorosia littoralis and are accommodated in a new genus Angustimassarina. A new family Amorosiaceae is proposed to accommodate the genera Amorosia and Angustimassarina. The putatively named species Decaisnella formosa and Thyridaria macrostomoides form a separate clade together with a new genus Lignosphaeria which is placed in Dothideomycetes, genera incertae sedis.
This study deals with an extensive taxonomic reevaluation focusing on phylogenetic relationships and morphological characterization of Tubeufiales, especially those helicosporous hyphomycetes which ...are difficult to identify. Based on evidence from DNA sequence data and morphology, we introduce 13 new genera in the family Tubeufiaceae,
viz. Acanthotubeufia
,
Dematiohelicoma
,
Dematiohelicomyces
,
Dematiohelicosporum
,
Dematiotubeufia
,
Helicoarctatus
,
Helicohyalinum
,
Helicotruncatum
,
Neochlamydotubeufia
,
Neohelicoma
,
Pleurohelicosporium
,
Pseudohelicomyces
and
Pseudohelicoon
; transfer
Chaetosphaerulina
from Dothideomycetes genera
incertae sedis
, and
Artocarpomyces
and
Helicodochium
from Ascomycetes genera
incertae sedis
into Tubeufiaceae; introduce 52 new species,
viz. Berkleasmium fusiforme
,
B. longisporum
,
Chlamydotubeufia cylindrica
,
Dematiohelicosporum guttulatum
,
Helicoarctatus aquaticus
,
Helicodochium aquaticum
,
Helicohyalinum infundibulum
,
Helicoma aquaticum
,
H. brunneisporum
,
H. cocois
,
H. rufum
,
H. fusiforme
,
H. longisporum
,
H. multiseptatum
,
H. rubriappendiculatum
,
H. septoconstrictum
,
H. tectonae
,
Helicomyces hyalosporus
,
Helicosporium aquaticum
,
H. flavisporum
,
H. setiferum
,
H. vesicarium
,
H. viridiflavum
,
Neochlamydotubeufia fusiformis
,
Neohelicomyces hyalosporus
,
Neohelicosporium acrogenisporum
,
N. astrictum
,
N. ellipsoideum
,
N. irregulare
,
N. krabiense
,
N. laxisporum
,
N. ovoideum
,
Pleurohelicosporium parvisporum
,
Pseudohelicomyces aquaticus
,
P. hyalosporus
,
Tubeufia abundata
,
T. bambusicola
,
T. brevis
,
T. brunnea
,
T. chlamydospora
,
T. dictyospora
,
T. eccentrica
,
T. fangchengensis
,
T. hechiensis
,
T. inaequalis
,
T. krabiensis
,
T. rubra
,
T. sessilis
,
T. sympodihylospora
,
T. sympodilaxispora
,
T. taiwanensis
and
T. tratensis
; provide 43 new combinations,
viz. Acanthohelicospora guianensis
,
Acanthotubeufia filiforme
,
Berkleasmium aquatica
,
B. guangxiense
,
B. latisporum
,
B. thailandicum
,
Dematiohelicoma perelegans
,
D. pulchrum
,
Dematiohelicomyces helicosporus
,
Dematiotubeufia chiangraiensis
,
Helicohyalinum aquaticum
,
Helicoma elinorae
,
H. gigasporum
,
H. hongkongense
,
H. linderi
,
H. nematosporum
,
H. pannosum
,
H. serpentinum
,
Helicomyces chiayiensis
,
Helicotruncatum palmigenum
,
Neochlamydotubeufia khunkornensis
,
Neohelicoma fagacearum
,
Neohelicomyces pallidus
,
Neohelicosporium abuense
,
N. aurantiellum
,
N. griseum
,
N. morganii
,
N. myrtacearum
,
N. nizamabadense
,
N. sympodiophorum
,
N. taiwanense
,
N. vesiculiferum
,
Pseudohelicomyces indicus
,
P. paludosus
,
P. talbotii
,
Pseudohelicoon gigantisporum
,
P. subglobosum
,
Tubeufia dentophora
,
T. geniculata
,
T. lilliputea
,
T. machaerinae
,
T. sympodiophora
and
T. xylophila
; introduce 16 new records,
viz. Dictyospora thailandica
,
Helicomyces colligatus
,
H. torquatus
,
Neohelicosporium guangxiense
,
N. hyalosporum
,
N. parvisporum
,
Thaxteriellopsis lignicola
,
Tubeufia aquatica
,
T. chiangmaiensis
,
T. cylindrothecia
,
T. filiformis
,
T. guangxiensis
,
T. laxispora
,
T. parvispora
,
T. roseohelicospora
and
T. tectonae
. The taxonomy of
Helicoma
,
Helicomyces
and
Helicosporium
is revisited based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological evidence.
Neorhamphoria
is transferred to Bezerromycetaceae. Three species are excluded from the genus
Chlamydotubeufia
, twelve species from
Helicoma
, four species from
Helicomyces
, 25 species from
Helicosporium
, six species from
Neoacanthostigma
and one species from
Tubeufia
. A multi-gene phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TEF1α sequence data of species of Tubeufiales is provided. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided, as well as the morphological comparison with similar taxa are explored. The checklist of accepted Tubeufiales species and re-organised Tubeufiales species are provided.
The family
Pleosporaceae
includes numerous saprobic, opportunistic human, and plant pathogenic taxa. The classification of genera and species
Pleosporaceae
has been a major challenge due to the lack ...of a clear understanding of the importance of the morphological characters used to distinguish taxa as well as the lack of reference strains. Recent treatments concluded that
Pleospora
and some other genera in
Pleosporaceae
are likely polyphyletic. In order to establish the evolutionary relationships and to resolve the polyphyletic nature of
Pleospora
and allied genera, we sequenced the 18S nrDNA, 28S nrDNA, ITS, GAPDH, RPB2 and TEF1-alpha gene regions of
Pleosporaceae
species and phylogenetically analysed this data. Multigene phylogenies strongly support the monophyletic nature of
Pleosporaceae
among the other families in
Pleosporale
s, and the acceptance of the genera
Alternaria, Bipolaris, Clathrospora, Comoclathris, Curvularia, Dactuliophora, Decorospora, Diademosa, Exserohilum, Extrawettsteinina, Gibbago, Neocamarosporium, Paradendryphiella, Platysporoides, Pleospora, Porocercospora, Pseudoyuconia
and
Pyrenophora. Austropleospora
,
Dendryphion
,
Edenia
and
Macrospora
are excluded from the family based on morphology coupled with molecular data. Two novel species,
Alternaria murispora
in this paper and
Comoclathris sedi
are introduced. The sexual morph of
Alternaria alternata
is re-described and illustrated using modern concepts from fresh collections. The paraphyletic nature of
Pleospora
is resolved based on the available morpho-molecular data, but further sampling with fresh collections, reference or ex-type strains and molecular data are needed to obtain a natural classification of genera and the family.
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