Šio straipsnio tikslas yra suprobleminti globalios ir nuolatinės taikos galimybę. Kaip atspirties tašką, t. y. kaip tokios žmogiškosios egzistencijos formos sąlygą, autorius siūlo postkonvencinę ...moralę, kurią savo dorovinėje raidoje pasiekia tik nedaugelis žmonių. Tokiame kontekste šiame straipsnyje svarstomos platesnės šios moralės formos sklaidos per auštojo mokslo sistemą sąlygos ir galimybės. Tačiau pradinė nuostata yra ta, kad to neįmanoma pasiekti šiandieną vyraujančia ugdymo forma, o veikiau ugdymu, kuris pabrėžia specifinę ir unikalią filosofijos ir antropologijos vertę. Šiaip ar taip, būtent postkonvencinė moralė yra tikrojo (transkultūrinio) auksinės taisyklės supratimo ir elgesio pagal ją, t. y. buvimo sulig universaliaisiais etikos principais, sąlyga.
The intention of this article is to problematize a possibility of establishing a global and permanent peace. As the basic starting point, that is, as the precondition of an achievement of such a form ...of human existence, I propose postconventional morality, which is reached by only a small number of people in their moral development. In that context, in this article, conditions and possibilities for stimulating a wider development, that is an achievement of such a form of morality, by the system of higher education will be considered. However, the starting point is that such an achievement is not possible with the form of education dominant today, but rather with the education that emphasizes some specific and unique value of philosophy, and anthropology as well. In any case, it is postconventional morality which is a precondition of a genuine (transcultural) understanding of the golden rule and the conduct in accordance with it, that is, being according to universal ethical principles.
In this work I direct attention to the role and importance of pluriperspectivism in the thought of G. W. F. Hegel. For that purpose, I read (interpret) the allegory about the true as a bacchantic ...ecstasy, which can be found in his fundamental work Phenomenology of Spirit. Also, in the text I indicate the importance of pluriperspectivism, that is, point out and elaborate its essential characteristics: on the one hand, it allows and encourages the more unexclusive and more embracing approach to the reality while, on the other hand, it allows and encourages the growth and development of perspective, that is, the increase of the truthfulness of truth.
In this paper the attention is focused on the emergence of mental/rational thinking (level of consciousness), particularly in phylogenetic context, which is largely characterized by a deviation ...manifested in suppression and marginalization of the bodily. Namely, it is the emergence of the mental/rational which presents the beginning of the mentioned deviation (in mythic discourse presented and celebrated as the victory of the Hero over the Great Mother), that is, the suppression and marginalization of all that which has been or still is associated with the bodily: sexual, feminine, unconscious, nature, etc. Lastly, the starting point of this paper is that, through the deconstruction of the mind–body dichotomy, we need to awake the fundamentality of the bodily and thus, instead of suppressing and dissociating it as mentioned (which marks a considerable part of the Occidental history), transcend and integrate it healthily (which is characteristic of the integral thinking, that is, the integral level of consciousness).
The aim of the paper is to make aware that an integral approach is immanently postmodern, i.e. that exactly such an approach, that is an integral aperspectivism, is a precondition for a constructive ...postmodernism. Hence, the basic characteristics of postmodernism are briefly outlined – constructivism, contextualism, multi(pluri)perspectivism and aperspectivism – which are also crucial components of any integral approach to reality. Special attention is paid to aperspectivism in this context in order to highlight – contrary to the extreme pluralism and the relativism of nihilist and destructive postmodernism – critical evaluation, ranking, etc., as essential features of the integral approach (integral aperspectivism), that is, of a constructive postmodernism thereby integrating a multitude of perspectives within their functional validity. Ultimately, it is stated that precisely in the postmodern era emerge anthropological preconditions for such a nonexclusive and context-adaptive, integral approach to reality, while the attention, on this occasion, is focused on the cognitive developmental line, that is, on the post-formal level of cognition.
The purpose of this, popularizing, work is to look back and present fundamental, but also some lesser known, biographical information about the one of the most famous anthropologists, Bronisław ...Malinowski, and do so in the context of commemorating 130 years from his birth. Therefore, this work primarily traces his education, influences, research and educational activity. The essential contributions of Malinowski to anthropology, that is, his concept of functionalism and participant observation, are briefly presented as well.
PDF
