Introduction: After tooth extraction, the alveolar ridge will commonly decrease in volume and change morphologically. These changes can be difficult or even impede the placement of dental implants ...and prosthetic rehabilitation. Minimizing bone remodeling means optimizing the aesthetics and functional aspects, and mainly, the success of implant treatment. To avoid residual ridge resorption different techniques and bone graft materials have been proposed. Objective: A systematic review was carried out to identify the main clinical outcomes of minimally traumatic and aesthetic tooth extraction. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from January to February 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 189 articles were found, 45 articles were evaluated in full and 36 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 35 studies with a high risk of bias and 41 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies did not show homogeneity in their results, with X2=72.5%>50%. The present study suggests that the alveolar graft technique may increase the risk of disease transmission, cost, and time of treatment. Several studies have stated that the graft material is not fully incorporated into the newly formed bone, indicating less vital bone tissue. Spontaneous scarring is still the most used feature since, in intact alveoli and small defects, it is a procedure that does not present significant losses that justify the use of edge preservation techniques. In larger defects, techniques after spontaneous healing, such as a block graft, can be used without the drawbacks of alveolar grafting, such as delayed healing and poor bone quality. The use of a buccal subepithelial connective tissue graft for extraction sockets in the anterior maxilla can be considered a predictable approach to preserving the contour of the alveolar ridge
Dentistry and palliative care: a concise systematic review Pinto, Mayle Carla Coelho; Nascimento, Juliana Pereira do; Fiaschi, Letícia Ganzela ...
MedNEXT Journal of Medical and Health Sciences,
05/2024, Letnik:
5, Številka:
S2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Introduction: In recent decades, there has been a change in the age pyramid, through progressive population aging. This aging presents itself as a risk factor for several diseases, such as cancer and ...chronic degenerative diseases. Patients should be regularly questioned and evaluated regarding their oral health conditions. Patients in palliative care present severe functional restrictions and impairment of oral functions, which is even more common when the disease itself already affects the oral cavity, such as head and neck cancer. Objective: It was to carry out a systematic review to present the main considerations and clinical importance of palliative care in dentistry. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from January to March 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: Atotal of 129 articles were found, 45 articles were evaluated in full and 18 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 12 studies with a high risk of bias and 32 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies did not show homogeneity in their results, with X2=77.8%>50%. It was concluded that understanding the importance of the dentist in caring for patients with diseases that threaten the continuity of life, through relieving suffering and promoting quality of life, based on oral health. Thus, with the work of the multidisciplinary health team, the patient, their family members, and caregivers will have adequate assistance, based on the particularities of each case.
Use of ivermectin in the treatment of COVID-19: a review Zanoti, Eduardo Bertollini; Porto, Rodrigo Magalhães; Scriboni, Andreia Borges
MedNEXT Journal of Medical and Health Sciences,
02/2022, Letnik:
3, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 produces a respiratory syndrome that can range from a mild, self-limiting inflammatory condition to severe, progressive pneumonia. Prevention and treatment strategies have ...become a priority since the emergence of COVID-19. Noteworthy is the use of ivermectin, an anti-parasitic agent, which has been widely recommended by some health professionals for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Objective: To assess the evidence on the efficacy and safety of using ivermectin for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, identifying its mode of action and the benefits and adverse reactions of using this drug. Methods: The search strategy for articles was based on a search in the electronic databases MEDLINE (NationalLibrary of Medicine, United States), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), Scielo, specialized libraries of Universities, PubMed, and Google Academic. The selected articles will be from 2015 to 2021. Results and Conclusion: Studies reveal that ivermectin is a broad-spectrum drug with high-fat solubility and has numerous effects on several parasites. In addition to having antiviral and antiparasitic effects, this drug also causes immunomodulation in the host. Ivermectin has already demonstrated its potent antiviral effects in vitro against several RNA viruses, such as influenza A, Zika virus, Newcastle disease virus, yellow fever virus, Chikungunya virus, dengue virus, among others. One way to delay viral transmission would be to stop the virus from replicating, thus reducing the viral load in infected individuals. Thus, studies have shown that ivermectin may have the potential for inhibiting and replicating SARS-CoV-2.
Analgesia and sedation are an integral part of the care provided to critically ill patients with COVID-19. These patients experience moderate to severe pain at rest and during standard care ...procedures. Objectives: The objective of this work is to identify the importance of sedation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Method: The Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) database were used to find scientific articles that were useful in clarifying this study. Results: An analysis and discussion of 5 experimental articles were carried out to fulfill the objective of this study. Conclusion: Regardless of the medications used, it is believed that it is essential that each ICU develop its management schemes for sedation, analgesia, delirium, mobility, and family involvement to achieve a consistent approach in the management of its patients and, thus, improve the clinical results.
Eating disorders are psychological disorders that directly affect the physical health of those who suffer from them, with a high mortality rate. Women are more prone to eating disorders than men, ...which is why most research focuses on women. Thus, 10% of patients with eating disorders are men. The results of bibliographical research are presented through in-depth interviews about the perception of the body that Social Work and Psychology professionals, who worked in both the public and private sectors, as an element that can influence eating disorders. This perception has been analyzed as an element that influences eating disorders. This research reaches three main conclusions: First, the body is considered by professionals as an instrument to stop time when personal identity problems arise, especially when the patient is a woman. Second, professionals perceive their patients' bodies as a responsibility in open conflict with social perceptions seen as something unattainable, ideal, and subject to unattainable parameters. Finally, the perception of the body is guided by social imaginaries in which morality (taboo and sin) and the biological are predominant.
Introduction: In the aesthetics scenario, facial optimization is considered an essential outcome of orthognathic treatment (OT) due to its potential advantages in reducing the duration and cost of ...treatment, providing early aesthetic improvement, and increasing patient satisfaction. Objective: It presents a systematic review study listing the main optimizations of facial aesthetics through orthognathic surgery, to highlight the importance of this treatment for improving patients' comfort and quality of life. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from January to March 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 179 articles were found, 45 articles were evaluated in full and 39 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 15 studies with a high risk of bias and 31 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies did not show homogeneity in their results, with X2=69.5%>50%. It was concluded space maintenance is one of the most important activities in the prevention of malocclusion. The maintenance of the lost space is of paramount importance to ensure normal eruption and development of the dentition. Aesthetic/functional rehabilitation is necessary until the eruption of permanent successor teeth occurs. A practical option to obtain this rehabilitation is through the installation of aesthetic or functional space maintainers. There are several requirements, such as maintaining the desired interproximal space, not interfering with the occlusion of the opposing teeth nor with the eruption of the permanent tooth, allowing sufficient mesiodistal space for the permanent tooth alignment to erupt, not inferring in phonetics and chewing and present a simple framework and be easily sanitized. Thus, the neuromuscular stability of the stomatognathic system may be impaired by the presence of deleterious habits.
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases can present a congenital origin, that is present from birth, such as interatrial and interventricular communication, defects of the artery, coronary arteries, or ...acquired coronary artery anomalies that involve several risk factors such as smoking, alcohol, old age, and sedentary lifestyle. Thus, the acquired ones are the most frequent in the routine of a dental practice, so the dentist should be able to attend to those patients who need special care, regarding the correct use of medications due to the risk of drug interactions, the type of local anesthetic to be used and the management of patients who use anticoagulant therapy. Objective: It was to develop a concise systematic review to highlight the main clinical outcomes of the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and tooth extraction. Methods: The research and development of the work were carried out from December 2023 to February 2024 in the databases Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scielo, following the PRISMA rules. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was based on the Cochrane instrument (Funnel Plot). Results and Conclusion: A total of 112 studies were found that were subjected to eligibility analysis. The final sample had 36 eligible studies and 21 studies were described in the systematic review. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2 =63.9% >50%, with p<0.05. It was concluded that the virtual reality technique was effective in controlling blood pressure and heart rate within an acceptable range and can help in the management of blood pressure and heart rate during tooth extraction in patients with hypertension. It is necessary for the dental treatment of these patients with heart disease a good knowledge of the subject and requires medical and dental coordination. Dental surgeons need to be prepared to identify possible medical and dental emergencies and take steps to prevent or treat them effectively and quickly.
Introduction: After tooth extraction, the alveolar ridge will commonly decrease in volume and change morphologically. These changes can be difficult or even impede the placement of dental implants ...and prosthetic rehabilitation. Minimizing bone remodeling means optimizing the esthetics and functional aspects, and mainly, the success of implant treatment. To avoid residual ridge resorption different techniques and bone graft materials have been proposed. Objective: It was to evaluate the efficiency of the many techniques of extraction socket treatment in the alveolar ridge dimension preservation. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from November 2023 to February 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 158 articles were found, 62 articles were evaluated in full and 34 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 28 studies with a high risk of bias and 22 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies did not show homogeneity in their results, with X2=63.6%>50%. It was concluded that the application of autologous growth factor concentrate after surgical extraction offers an easy, low-cost, and efficient option for preserving the alveolar ridge. Therefore, the use of autologous growth factor concentrate by dentists during tooth extractions can be encouraged, especially when preservation of the alveolar ridge is necessary. The present study suggests that the alveolar graft technique may increase the risk of disease transmission, cost, and time of treatment. Several studies have stated that the graft material is not fully incorporated into the newly formed bone, indicating less vital bone tissue. Spontaneous scarring is still the most used feature since, in intact alveoli and small defects, it is a procedure that does not present significant losses that justify the use of edge preservation techniques. In larger defects, techniques after spontaneous healing, such as a block graft, can be used without the drawbacks of alveolar grafting, such as delayed healing and poor bone qualit.
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by intermittent partial or complete obstruction of the airways during sleep and is called OSAS syndrome when associated with ...day/night symptoms and/or comorbidities, such as systemic arterial hypertension or diabetes mellitus. The prevalence reaches 32% in the general population, varies between 1% and 20% when associated with COPD (overlap syndrome), and is described as above 60% in populations with COPD and obesity. Orthognathic surgery (OC) can correct deformities of the maxillary and mandibular bones in OSAS. Objective: It was to develop the main approaches and clinical results of orthognathic surgery for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome through a systematic review. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from November 2023 to February 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 146 articles were found, 58 articles were evaluated and 26 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the global assessment resulted in 32 studies with a high risk of bias and 22 studies that did not meet GRADE. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2 =65.8%>50%. Maxillomandibular advancement surgery is a successful treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, but there are still concerns about cosmetic results due to the major advances involved. Bimaxillary advancement osteotomy significantly increases oropharyngeal volume and contracted superficial areas, which remain stable between 6 months and 1 year postoperatively.
Introduction: Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is a common disease in the oral and maxillofacial regions and is the most serious type. Among temporomandibular disorders, TMJ-OA ...accounts for 18% to 85% of all cases. The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been highlighted, as well as in combination with other types of treatments such as hyaluronic acid, arthrocentesis, and corticosteroids. Objective: to highlight the main clinical outcomes of the treatment of osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint through the injectable use of platelet-rich plasma, alone or in combination with other types of treatment. Methods: The research and development of the work were carried out from December 2023 to February 2024 in the databases Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scielo, using scientific articles from 2013 to 2023, following the PRISMA rules. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was based on the Cochrane instrument (Funnel Plot). Results and Conclusion: A total of 178 studies were found that were subjected to eligibility analysis. The final sample had 45 eligible studies and 31 studies were described in the systematic review. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2 =66.7% >50%, with p<0.05. The symmetric funnel plot did not suggest a risk of bias among studies with a small sample size. The results showed that platelet-rich plasma performed better than hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint during longterm follow-up in terms of reducing pain and increasing interincisal distance. Combined injection of hyaluronic acid and platelet-rich plasma after arthrocentesis is more effective than hyaluronic acid or platelet-rich plasma alone in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint, as well as platelet-rich plasma with hyaluronic acid after arthrocentesis showed significant clinical efficacy long-term concerning pain relief. Furthermore, it was found that intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma reduced pain on palpation of the temporomandibular joint more effectively compared to hyaluronic acid and corticosteroids. Platelet-rich plasma injection can significantly improve pain, mouth opening, abnormal joint sound, and jaw function in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, and has a good repair effect on condylar bone defects. Furthermore, platelet-rich plasma injection combined with physical therapy can effectively control medium and long-term pain in patients.
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