Oxidative stress is associated with many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, yet limited treatment is currently available clinically. The development of enzyme-mimicking nanomaterials ...(nanozymes) with good reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability and biocompatibility is a promising way for the treatment of ROS-related inflammation. Herein we report a simple and efficient one-step development of ultrasmall Cu
O nanoparticles (Cu
O USNPs) with multiple enzyme-mimicking and broad-spectrum ROS scavenging ability for the treatment of ROS-related diseases. Cu
O USNPs simultaneously possessing catalase-, superoxide dismutase-, and glutathione peroxidase-mimicking enzyme properties exhibit cytoprotective effects against ROS-mediated damage at extremely low dosage and significantly improve treatment outcomes in acute kidney injury, acute liver injury and wound healing. Meanwhile, the ultrasmall size of Cu
O USNPs enables rapid renal clearance of the nanomaterial, guaranteeing the biocompatibility. The protective effect and good biocompatibility of Cu
O USNPs will facilitate clinical treatment of ROS-related diseases and enable the development of next-generation nanozymes.
The “13th Five-Year Plan” for wind power has proposed that it will reach grid parity and compete with power and hydropower. Accordingly, many doubts have been raised. Is the wind power in China ...already equipped with conditions for grid parity? What is the impact on the development of wind power? To solve these doubts, this study employs a system dynamics model to judge whether China can achieve grid parity for wind power. First, the factor indicator system is constructed from the aspects of wind power production, consumption, and curtailment. Second, the trend of wind power curtailment, cost, revenue, and installed capacity are predicted from 2005 to 2030. Third, three scenarios are set to simulate the impact of grid parity on wind power. Empirical results show that: (1) Net revenue and installed capacity will continue to increase, while the wind power curtailment will gradually reduce. (2) When the subsidy is decreased to 0, revenue will significantly reduce, and the installed capacity will reduce by nearly 1/4. (3) The Chinese government should not abolish all subsidies for wind power to achieve grid parity in 2020. To prompt the process for the grid parity of wind power, some policy implications are proposed.
•Set up a system dynamic model to analyze the development of wind power.•Predict future trends of curtailment, cost, revenue and install capacity of wind power.•Discuss the possibility of parity grid of wind power by scenarios analysis.•Propose policy recommendations on development and grid parity of wind power.
Recently, the energy scarcity and environmental pollution have greatly promoted rapid development of the electric vehicles (EV) industry. In this context, we established a scenario analysis using ...system dynamics model to analyze the development of EV in China under policy incentives. Four scenarios were set in this paper: scenario 1 (Without any policy), scenario 2 (Only direct policy), scenario 3 (Only indirect policy), scenario 4 (Both direct & indirect policy). It is shown that the EV industry was in preliminary stage in 2010. After a period of development, in 2040, the total amount of EVs will reach 4.03, 8.61, 4.2 and 8.85 million in scenario 1–4. The results indicate that China's EV market penetration is mainly dominated by state policies, especially the financial supports. Reducing the governments’ financial supports for EVs will put EV manufacturers at a cost disadvantage in the automobile markets. In addition, because of our emerging carbon market and low average carbon price, participating in carbon trading market cannot promote a rapid growth by stimulating investment passion. In all, cutting the financial supports is not a good option, because the large-scale market penetration still requires the clear and strong policy incentives.
•We summarized the policy environment and current situation of electric vehicles.•We set up a system dynamic model to analyze the development of electric vehicles.•A policy package is regarded as a possible way to promote the electric vehicles.•We explored the effects of direct and indirect policies by scenario analysis.
A method for the synthesis of imidazolinium salts through a catalytic dehydrogenation was developed using Pd/C as a catalyst with ammonium salt as an additive. Optimization of the reaction conditions ...revealed the existence of a proton source that was necessary to accomplish the reaction. Under the optimal conditions, oxidation‐sensitive components, such as an allyl, a furan, and a thiophene can be introduced into the corresponding imidazolinium salts. In addition to the varied N‐substituents, the presented method can be used to synthesize a series of 2‐substituted imidazolinium salts.
A method for the synthesis of imidazolinium salts through a catalytic dehydrogenation was developed using Pd/C as a catalyst with ammonium salt as an additive. In addition to the varied N‐substituents, the presented method can be used to synthesize a series of 2‐substituted imidazolinium salts.
The bioavailability and biomagnification of organophosphate esters (OPEs) were investigated in a food web in the Zhushan Bay of Taihu Lake, China. The organisms included mainly three biological ...groups: plankton, invertebrates, and fish, which displayed distinctly different compositional profiles of OPEs. In general, the log BAFs (bioaccumulation factor) of OPEs displayed a significant correlation with their log Kow (octanol-water partitioning coefficient), suggesting that the bioaccumulation was mainly controlled by the hydrophobicity. The log BAFs of the more hydrophobic OPEs in benthic invertebrates were higher than in fish, suggesting that ingesting sediment constituted additional exposure route for benthic invertebrates. The log BSAFs (biota-sediment accumulation factor) in the benthic invertebrates increased with log Kow in the range of 1.44–5.73 and decreased afterwards. The depressed bioavailability of the highly hydrophobic OPEs was attributed to their strong adsorption to the sediment. The biomagnification potency of OPEs was affected by hydrophobicity of the compounds and biotransformation properties in the organisms at different trophic levels. 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate biomagnified in the fish food web of Taihu Lake with a TMF (trophic magnification factor) of 3.61, which was due to the combined results of its relatively high hydrophobicity (log Kow of 5.73) and decreased metabolism potential in the high-trophic-level fish. The constant metabolism diminished the biomagnification potency of hydrophobic compounds triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate in this food web.
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•Plankton, invertebrates, and fish displayed distinctly different OPE profiles.•Log BAFs of hydrophobic OPEs in benthic invertebrates were higher than in fish.•Parabolic relationship was obtained between log BSAF and log Kow for OPEs.•The OPE biomagnification was also affected by metabolisms in different organisms.•EHDPP biomagnified in the fish food web of Taihu Lake with a TMF of 3.61.
The transportation sector has significantly contributed to greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions. Consequently, there is an urgent need to investigate strategies to synergize the reduction in ...CO2 and pollutant emissions in this sector. Using panel data from 30 provinces in China over the period from 2005 to 2018, this study employs spatial econometric models and mediation effect models to investigate the synergistic effects of carbon markets and environmental regulations on carbon reduction and pollution control in the transportation sector, along with the underlying transmission mechanisms. The results are as follows: (1) Carbon markets can achieve synergistic reduction effects in both CO2 emissions and pollutant emissions, whereas environmental regulations can reduce pollutant emissions alone in the transportation sector. (2) The synergistic reduction effects of carbon markets and environmental regulations in the transportation sector exhibit regional heterogeneity. The central region can realize synergistic reductions, while the western and eastern regions may experience an increase in CO2 and pollutant emissions and cross-regional transfers. (3) Carbon markets can achieve synergistic reduction effects in the transportation sector by influencing the industrial structure at the provincial level, transportation supply and demand at the sectoral level, and green willingness at the individual level.
How governments choose green fiscal policies to achieve green transition is an urgent issue to be solved. In this context, an environmental-dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is developed ...to analyze and compare the macroeconomic effects of fossil energy tax, natural resource tax and air pollution tax. The research shows that the supply-side policy, the natural resource tax, has a stronger impact on the economy than the other two demand-side policies, the fossil energy tax and air pollution tax. More importantly, supply-side policies are more effective than demand-side policies in two aspects: (1) all three policies can make up for the negative impact of tight fiscal policies on the economy, with supply-side policy offsetting the negative impact to a greater extent than demand-side policy; (2) all three policies can act as automatic stabilisers of the economy, with supply-side policy being more effective than demand-side policy in smoothing economic fluctuations.
In this study, we explored the longitudinal linkages among Chinese early adolescents’ unsociability, peer rejection, and loneliness. Participants were N = 445 primary school students in Shanghai, ...P.R. China followed over 3 years from Grades 6 and 7 to Grades 8 and 9. Measures of adolescents’ unsociability, peer rejection, and loneliness were obtained each year from a combination of self-reports and peer nominations. Among the results, (1) compared with the unidirectional and bidirectional models, the cross-lagged model was deemed the best fit for the data; (2) adolescent unsociability contributed to later increases in loneliness via a pathway through peer rejection; and (3) loneliness directly contributed to later increases in unsociability. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of unsociability for Chinese adolescents’ experience of peer rejection and subsequent loneliness.
This mixed‐methods study explored adolescents’ (n = 682) feelings of social connection in the time of the COVID‐19 pandemic and examined potential risk (fear of missing out, problematic smartphone ...use) and protective (parent/peer attachment, smartphone use) factors to social disconnection. Data were collected from two schools in Canada using an online survey with questionnaires and open‐ended questions. Three themes regarding adolescents’ feelings of social connection during the pandemic were identified through thematic content analysis: (1) feeling socially connected, (2) feeling socially disconnected, and (3) feeling socially indifferent. Moreover, regression analysis identified secure peer attachments as a protective factor against social disconnection in the time of the COVID‐19 pandemic, while fear of missing out was identified as an independent risk factor.
Abstract The COVID-19 lockdown has forced young children to spend more time on media and significantly impacted their mothers’ mental health. This study explored how mothers’ individual distress ...influences children’s problematic media use during the Shanghai citywide lockdown caused by COVID-19. Data were collected from 1889 Chinese mothers ( M age = 34.69 years, SD = 3.94 years) with preschoolers aged 3–6 years ( M ag e = 4.38 years, SD = 1.06 years; 49.0% boys) via an online survey. The statistical analyses relied on SPSS Statistics version 26.0 and macro-program PROCESS 3.3. to investigate the associations and mediation analysis among all the study variables. The results indicated a positive association between maternal distress and children’s problematic media use, mediated by parenting stress and maladaptive parenting. Specifically, the serial mediation analysis revealed that high levels of maternal distress exacerbate parenting stress, which in turn leads to maladaptive parenting practices. These maladaptive practices subsequently increase problematic media use in preschool children. The findings highlighted that parents need to enhance their ability to manage risk and promote mental health during periods of significant stress and routine disruption to reduce children’s problematic media use.
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