U radu se iznose rezultati istraživanja stavova zaposlenih u lokalnim medijima u Srbiji o postupku svojinske transformacije medija u državnom, gradskom i opštinskom vlasništvu. Cilj istraživanja je ...bio da se utvrdi kako medijski profesionalci doživljavaju nove zakonske odredbe o svojinskoj transformaciji, javnom interesu, projektnom finansiranju i kakvu projekciju budućnosti imaju za opstanak lokalnih medija u kojima rade. Istraživanje je sprovedeno metodom polustrukturiranog intervjua tokom novembra i decembra 2014. godine. Intervjuisano je 45 predstavnika menadžmenta medijskih preduzeća i novinara iz ukupno 18 lokalnih medija. Istraživački nalazi pokazuju nizak stepen svesti medijskih profesionalaca o nephodnosti povlačenja države iz vlasništva lokalnih medija, ali i o značaju lokalnih medija i društvene uloge koju bi trebalo da vrše unutar lokalnih zajednica u ostvarivanju javnog interesa.
This paper presents the results of the research on the attitudes of managers, editors and journalist currently employed in the Serbian local media about the on-going process of priva- tization of the ...media owned by the state, cities and municipalities, as well as their views about the possible forms of ownership transformation and about the achievement of public interest through the project activities. The aim of the research was to establish how media professionals perceive and evaluate new legislation and what kind of future they forsee for the survival of the local media in which they work . According to many estimates, this process will be very painful for them since it co-occurs with the implementation of digitalization of electronic media, a process which - due to high taxes - threatens to extinguish local broadcasters. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews during November and December 2014. They included 45 media profes- sionals (directors, editors and journalists) from 18 local media that. Research findings show a low level of awareness among media professionals about the necessity of withdrawal of the state from the ownership in local media, but also about importance of local media and their required social role in achieving the public interest within the local communities.
To evaluate the incidence, demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with acute viral hepatitis E in Montenegro.
A total of 400 patients with acute viral hepatitis from January ...1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2007 were enrolled in the study. Serological tests for hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex viruses were performed. Standard laboratory tests for liver function were analyzed. The results are presented as absolute numbers, mean +/- SD, range of values, and percent. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Twenty-four (6%) patients had clinically and/or serologically confirmed acute hepatitis E. The mean age of the patients was 25 +/- 6 years; 62.5% were males. The majority of the patients (66%) belonged to the 20 to 40 yrs age group (P < 0.05). Seven patients were asymptomatic. Foremost symptoms were loss of appetite (100%), fatigue (94%) and vomiting (75%). The most frequent clinical sign was mild to moderate liver enlargement (94%). Jaundice had 12/17 symptomatic patients. Elevation of alanine aminotransferase was found in 19 patients including two patients without symptoms. The enzyme, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase was increased in all patients.
Acute hepatitis E in Montenegro emerges as an autochthonous infection with a low incidence. Sub-clinical and anicteric infections may occur. Elevation of gamma glutamyltranspeptidase is an important parameter of the biochemical profile of the disease.
Hepatitis E has many similarities in with hepatitis A concerning clinical picture, route of transmission and nonexistence of chronicity. Comparison of clinical and laboratory parameters of patients ...with hepatitis A and E to estimate characteristics of these diseases.
Total of 54 patients divided into two groups was investigated: 27 had hepatitis A, others had hepatitis E. Detailed history past, clinical examination, liver function tests and ultrasonography of the upper abdomen, were done in all patients. Aetiology of viral hepatitis was investigated serologically by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using commercial kits for following viruses: Hepatitis A-E viruses, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus.
Asymptomatic infections (29.6%) and clinical forms without jaundice (59.3%) were more frequent in patients with hepatitis E. Splenomegaly was found more frequent in patients with hepatitis A than in hepatitis E (66.7% vs. 33.3%). Patients with hepatitis E had significantly lower activity of aminotransferases than patients with hepatitis A. A significant increase of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase was found in patients with hepatitis E (mean value: 120 IU/L).
Our results are in concordance with other reports that hepatitis E virus infection is more common asymptomatic disease than hepatitis A. In addition, hepatocyte necrosis in hepatitis E is less extensive than in hepatitis A measured by the activity of aminotransferases. Contrary to that the value of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase is more increased in hepatitis E than in hepatitis A without exact explanation so far:
Viral hepatitis E and A have differences in some clinical features and laboratory parameters although both diseases principally have resolved without consequences after 6-8 weeks.
Liver disease is commonly present in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim was to determine the frequency of liver enlargement and its association with opportunistic infections in ...patients with HIV infection.
A total of 400 HIV-infected patients were investigated. Commercial kits (Ortho EIA; BioRad, ELISA) were used for detection of serum specific antibodies to HIV, hepatitis C virus, surface antigen of hepatitis B virus, and cytomegalovirus. Liver tissues were stained for various microorganisms. The electronic data base SPSS for Windows (version 10.0) was used for statistical analysis. A p <0.05 was considered significant.
Ultrasonographic screening revealed liver enlargement in 63.75% of HIV patients. In 40.7% the right lobe size varied from 140 mm to 160 mm. Of those with hepatomegaly, 60.7% had AIDS. Hepatitis C and B viruses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected in 50%, 29% and 18% of patients, respectively. Histological changes were mostly non-specific. Liver pathology depended on the degree of cellular immune deficiency, particularly in patients with HBV co-infection. In a minority of patients (32.5%), the histology revealed granulomatous hepatitis. Liver function tests were abnormal in 46%.
Liver enlargement is common in HIV-infected patients mostly in association with hepatitis C and B viruses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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