The quality of coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering is known to depend on, among others, the magnetic field strength (Φ) and the magnetic field configuration. Furthermore, high power impulse ...magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) is known to result in low defect - high density coatings, and is therefore used to deposit barrier coatings against wear and corrosion. The influence of varying the Φ, on deposition rate (R), structure and hardness of titanium nitride coatings prepared by HiPIMS and dc magnetron sputtering (dcMS) was investigated. At 22mT, the ratio between HiPIMS deposition rate and dcMS deposition rate (RHiPIMS/RdcMS) was almost equal to 1. As Φ was increased from 22mT to 35mT, R decreased by 28% for HiPIMS and increased by 15.6% for dcMS, and RHiPIMS/RdcMS was reduced from 1 to 0.63. From 35mT to 44mT, the decrease in R slowed to 6% for HiPIMS and to 12.5% for dcMS. The (111) orientation was dominant over (200) orientation for both HiPIMS and dcMS, and become less dominant with the Φ in the case of dcMS. The residual stresses and surface roughness were determined and their evolution with Φ is highlighted. Mechanical characterization of the deposited coatings was performed, where the hardness tests showed that on average the HiPIMS coatings (29-34GPa) were some 5 GPa harder than dcMS coatings (25-27GPa).
•TiN films were deposited using HiPIMS and dcMS technologies.•The effect of magnetic field strength on structure, hardness and deposition rate of TiN coatings was studied.•TiN coatings obtained using HIPIMS have shown a higher hardness than those obtained using dcMS..•The hardness did not show a noticeable change with the magnetic field strength in the range studied 22-44mT.
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•TiN films were deposited using HiPIMS and dcMS technologies.•The effect of nitrogen content of TixN(1−x), on structure, hardness and corrosion of TiN coatings was studied.•TiN ...coatings obtained using HIPIMS have shown a maximum hardness as a function of the nitrogen content.•The H/E ratio evolution with the nitrogen flow have shown also a maximum.•The corrosion protection efficiency was higher than 90% for all coatings deposited with HiPIMS.
The effect of nitrogen content on the structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of titanium nitride (TixN1−x) coatings deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) is investigated. The XRD results showed a (111) oriented crystalline structure at low nitrogen flow rate Qv(N2), and a mixed (111) and (200) at high Qv(N2). The average grain size was derived from XRD results and was found to increase with increasing N2 flow. The hardness results showed a maximum with variation of nitrogen content. All coatings exhibited excellent protection efficiency in acidic media compared to the uncoated steel samples, with protection efficiency reaching up to 98.9%. For reference, direct current magnetron sputtered (dcMS) coatings were deposited and investigated, confirming the superior performance of the HiPIMS coatings.
Industrially high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was successively covered by two types of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) films, one more flexible (f-type) and the other more robust (r-type). The ...films have been grown by radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) technique with acetylene plasma. The surface morphology of both types has been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Contact angle measurements and Raman spectroscopy analysis were done to investigate the surface wettability and carbon chemical composition. Both types display similar morphology and grain growth pattern. Contact angle measurements revealed surface modifications especially at smaller r-depositions with a pronounced hydrophilic behavior. The f-depositions remain almost unchanged. For high r-depositions a rearrangement of the carbon composition is found and related to a growth of sp2 hybridized carbon species, despite of the hydrogen content. The values of the average grain heights are correlated to the values of the average grain areas and are localized in a limited area, indicating a given regularity during the different carbon depositions.
Phosphorus Containing Coatings (PCCs) are an interesting class of materials that attracted considerable attention for use in different domains. A variety of PCCs characterized by outstanding ...electrical, biological, and chemical properties have been manufactured using various physical and chemical deposition processes. Thanks to developments in thin film and surface deposition technologies, it has become possible to manipulate the formation of PCCs according to the desired application, which has therefore been a mean of promoting this type of material towards new products and processes. This review explores the potential of the PCCs and deposition methods which can be used for their fabrication. Highlights on the connections between processing methods and the resulting film characteristics will be provided. The resulting coatings’ properties are discussed in the context of the characteristics necessary for achieving high‐performance PCCs in different sectors. Important prospects for PCCs research and their practical use in different fields will also be provided, and light will be shed on the future research directions for further progress of promising PCCs for the next film technology generations.
This review gives a general overview of the opportunities offered by phosphorus containing coatings, their synthesis using different methods based on physical and chemical processes, as well as their use in various fields such as energy, electronics, biomedical, flame retardant and anticorrosion applications. At the end of the review, we highlight the future prospects and the development of this family of materials.
Urinary stone formation has been evolved to a widespread disease during the last years. The reason for the formation of urinary stones are little crystals, mostly composed of calcium oxalate, which ...are formed in human kidneys. The early diagnosis of the risk for urinary stone formation of patients can be determined by the “Bonn-Risk-Index” method based on the potentiometric detection of the Ca
2+-ion concentration and an optical determination of the triggered crystallisation of calcium oxalate in unprocessed urine. In this work, miniaturised capacitive field-effect EMIS (electrolyte-membrane-insulator-semiconductor) sensors have been developed for the determination of the Ca
2+-ion concentration in human native urine. The Ca
2+-sensitive EMIS sensors have been systematically characterised by impedance spectroscopy, capacitance–voltage and constant–capacitance method in terms of sensitivity, signal stability and response time in both CaCl
2 solutions and in native urine. The obtained results demonstrate the suitability of EMIS sensors for the measurement of the Ca
2+-ion concentration in native urine of patients.
Plasmaunterstützte DLC‐Beschichtung von Kunststoffen Fischer, Christian B.; Bernsmann, Falk; Ajaj, Wassim ...
Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis : Zeitschrift für Vakuumtechnologie, Oberflèachen und Dünne Schichten,
Oktober/November 2013, Letnik:
25, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Das Aufwachsen von diamantähnlichem Kohlenstoff (DLC) auf Polyethylene (PE) geht einher mit der Bildung einer Zwischenschicht. Dabei verändert sich die ursprüngliche Oberflächenstruktur des ...Kunststoffes und geht schrittweise in die ungeordnete Struktur der DLC‐Schicht über.
Bevor DLC im Kohlenwasserstoffplasma mittels PECVD‐Methode aufgebracht werden kann, werden alle Substrate unter Verwendung eines Sauerstoffplasmas gereinigt. Dieser erste Teilschritt ist extrem wichtig für das Aufwachsen der DLC‐Schicht, da hierbei die Probenoberfläche bereits abgetragen und teilweise eingeebnet wird.
Kunststoffe können durch DLC‐Beschichtung erfolgreich in der Stabilität verbessert und mit zusätzlichen Eigenschaften und neuen Funktionalitäten ausgestattet werden. Erste mikroskopische Erklärungen für die makroskopischen Phänomene und anwendungsrelevante Fragen konnten aufgezeigt werden. Außerdem werden die Grenzen der Machbarkeit thematisiert. Die hier vorgestellten Methoden werden nun auf weitere Materialien und Beschichtungen angewandt.
Plasmaenhanced deposition of DLC on polymers
The formation of diamond‐like carbon (DLC) coatings on polyethylene (PE) is accompanied with the formation of an interlayer. Therefore the original surface structure of the plastic material is reorganized and gradually changes into the disordered structure of the DLC layer.
Before DLC can be deposited in a hydrocarbon plasma with the PECVD method, all substrates are cleaned using an oxygen plasma. This first step is extremely important for the growth of the DLC layer since the sample's surface is already ablated and partly flattened.
Plastic materials can be successfully improved in stability and provided with extra properties and new functionalities due to the deposition of DLC. First microscopic explanations for the macroscopic phenomena and application‐relevant questions have been identified. In spite of this limits of production are also addressed.
Methods shown here will now be adapted for other materials and coatings.
Plasma Supported DLC coating of plastics Fischer, Christian B; Bernsmann, Falk; Ajaj, Wassim ...
Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis : Zeitschrift für Vakuumtechnologie, Oberflèachen und Dünne Schichten,
10/2013, Letnik:
25, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Plasmaenhanced deposition of DLC on polymers The formation of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on polyethylene (PE) is accompanied with the formation of an interlayer. Therefore the original ...surface structure of the plastic material is reorganized and gradually changes into the disordered structure of the DLC layer. Before DLC can be deposited in a hydrocarbon plasma with the PECVD method, all substrates are cleaned using an oxygen plasma. This first step is extremely important for the growth of the DLC layer since the sample's surface is already ablated and partly flattened. Plastic materials can be successfully improved in stability and provided with extra properties and new functionalities due to the deposition of DLC. First microscopic explanations for the macroscopic phenomena and application-relevant questions have been identified. In spite of this limits of production are also addressed. Methods shown here will now be adapted for other materials and coatings.Original Abstract: Das Aufwachsen von diamantaehnlichem Kohlenstoff (DLC) auf Polyethylene (PE) geht einher mit der Bildung einer Zwischenschicht. Dabei veraendert sich die urspruengliche Oberflaechenstruktur des Kunststoffes und geht schrittweise in die ungeordnete Struktur der DLC-Schicht ueber. Bevor DLC im Kohlenwasserstoffplasma mittels PECVD-Methode aufgebracht werden kann, werden alle Substrate unter Verwendung eines Sauerstoffplasmas gereinigt. Dieser erste Teilschritt ist extrem wichtig fuer das Aufwachsen der DLC-Schicht, da hierbei die Probenoberflaeche bereits abgetragen und teilweise eingeebnet wird. Kunststoffe konnen durch DLC-Beschichtung erfolgreich in der Stabilitaet verbessert und mit zusaetzlichen Eigenschaften und neuen Funktionalitaeten ausgestattet werden. Erste mikroskopische Erklaerungen fuer die makroskopischen Phaenomene und anwendungsrelevante Fragen konnten aufgezeigt werden. Auserdem werden die Grenzen der Machbarkeit thematisiert. Die hier vorgestellten Methoden werden nun auf weitere Materialien und Beschichtungen angewandt.
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