Este artículo revisa y reflexiona el impacto urbano de la implementación de un servicio de tranvía en el área metropolitana de Cochabamba. Se centra en las transformaciones urbanas que se generaron ...durante la puesta en marcha de esta nueva prestación y las infraestructuras conexas. Su contenido es relevante porque exhibe el reducido impacto en la configuración espacial del entorno urbano de los municipios de Colcapirhua y Quillacollo, respecto a la envergadura de las obras y la importancia de un servicio de transporte de estas características denominado “Tren Metropolitano de Cochabamba”. Adquiere importancia porque se trata del proyecto de transporte más importante de la región, cuya concepción no deviene de un plan de movilidad específico, sus obras e implementación no están vinculadas con la planificación urbana de las jurisdicciones indicadas, y la situación urbana actual y de transporte, parecen no haber sido afectadas por esta nueva infraestructura.
Chronic illnesses like obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases, are worldwide major causes of morbidity and mortality. These pathological conditions involve interactions between ...environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Recent advances in nutriepigenomics are contributing to clarify the role of some nutritional factors, including dietary fatty acids in gene expression regulation. This systematic review assesses currently available information concerning the role of the different fatty acids on epigenetic mechanisms that affect the development of chronic diseases or induce protective effects on metabolic alterations.
A targeted search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline databases using the keywords "fatty acids and epigenetic". The data were analyzed according to the PRISMA-P guidelines.
Consumption fatty acids like n-3 PUFA: EPA and DHA, and MUFA: oleic and palmitoleic acid was associated with an improvement of metabolic alterations. On the other hand, fatty acids that have been associated with the presence or development of obesity, T2D, pro-inflammatory profile, atherosclerosis and IR were n-6 PUFA, saturated fatty acids (stearic and palmitic), and trans fatty acids (elaidic), have been also linked with epigenetic changes.
Fatty acids can regulate gene expression by modifying epigenetic mechanisms and consequently result in positive or negative impacts on metabolic outcomes.
Esta investigación explora los patrones de uso y ocupación del espacio residencial y las nuevas características de la arquitectura adaptada o recientemente construida en Cochabamba (Bolivia), la cual ...ha sido influida por la pandemia del COVID-19. Se trata de un primer acercamiento realizado a través del estudio técnico y espacial de la oferta arquitectónica de residencias de tipo departamentos entre los años 2020 y 2021, así como la interacción con los autores y constructores de esta arquitectura nueva o adaptada. Es relevante porque deja evidencia de aquellos patrones socioespaciales y características arquitectónicas que se han practicado y ejecutado durante la pandemia, condicionadas por las necesidades fisiológicas y de bioseguridad de habitantes de las residencias. Es notable también porque deja constancia de un conjunto de nuevos conceptos y dispositivos que condicionaron y configuran las nuevas formas de hacer y pensar la arquitectura actual en Cochabamba.
Se repasa, en el marco del contexto mundial, la evolución de la desalación en España. Una historia de más de medio siglo que arrancó donde el agua más escasea, en las Islas Canarias. Lo que comenzó ...siendo una solución puntual para resolver problemas concretos ha ido, al compás de los avances tecnológicos, de la reducción de costes y del control de su impacto, ganando relevancia. Pero hace quince años, el ritmo de implantación, se aceleró notablemente. En aquel contexto se tomaron rápidas decisiones, adoptadas sin el amplio consenso que requieren este tipo de infraestructuras. Sin embargo, la madurez tecnológica y, sobre todo, el tiempo están contribuyendo a clarificar la situación, propiciando que cada desaladora encuentre su lugar y, en fin, justificando la fuerte inversión efectuada. Con todo hay problemas aún pendientes de solución, en particular la incorporación de esta nueva fuente de agua en un sistema que integre todos los recursos, tanto los tradicionales como los nuevos. Ello exige que los usuarios acepten su sobrecoste como un nuevo seguro hídrico que permita garantizar el suministro de agua en todo momento. En cualquier caso, hay que concluir que la desalación en España juega, y continuará jugando un papel clave en el litoral mediterráneo y en algunas de sus islas más turísticas.
Desde la perspectiva del Derecho a la Ciudad, este trabajo constituye una primera aproximación a las prácticas de urbanismo alternativo en Bolivia, activas desde la segunda década del Siglo XXI, ...críticas con el urbanismo tradicional e impulsoras de un cambio rápido y efectivo de las condiciones de los espacios públicos de las ciudades del país. El documento es resultado de dos investigaciones de media data que lograron un registro pormenorizado de intervenciones urbanas hasta el año 2020, hecho que ha permitido acercarnos a las características e impactos de estas prácticas, pero principalmente conocer a los colectivos de urbanistas y activistas que se han multiplicado los últimos años y están logrando, con diferente nivel de efectividad, más acciones por el cambio en las ciudades que el propio Estado.
Severe COVID-19 is characterized by extensive pulmonary complications, to which host immune responses are believed to play a role. As the major arm of innate immunity, neutrophils are one of the ...first cells recruited to the site of infection where their excessive activation can contribute to lung pathology. Low-density granulocytes (LDGs) are circulating neutrophils, whose numbers increase in some autoimmune diseases and cancer, but are poorly characterized in acute viral infections. Using flow cytometry, we detected a significant increase of LDGs in the blood of acute COVID-19 patients, compared to healthy controls. Based on their surface marker expression, COVID-19-related LDGs exhibit four different populations, which display distinctive stages of granulocytic development and most likely reflect emergency myelopoiesis. Moreover, COVID-19 LDGs show a link with an elevated recruitment and activation of neutrophils. Functional assays demonstrated the immunosuppressive capacities of these cells, which might contribute to impaired lymphocyte responses during acute disease. Taken together, our data confirms a significant granulocyte activation during COVID-19 and suggests that granulocytes of lower density play a role in disease progression.
El artículo expone resultados parciales de un trabajo de monitoreo del mercado inmobiliario del Área Metropolitana de Cochabamba desarrollado entre el año 2013 y 2017 coordinado por la Dirección del ...Centro de Investigaciones en Arquitectura y Urbanismo. A través de la sistematización de un conjunto amplio de datos alfanuméricos y geográficos, se expone la situación del mercado inmobiliario metropolitano de Cochabamba desde la dimensión de la oferta especializada. En ese marco, el artículo da luces sobre un posible estancamiento y/o desaceleración de la dinámica inmobiliaria regional, lo que sugiere la conclusión del proceso expansivo del sector de la construcción en la última década. En su dimensión geográfica el artículo presenta un análisis que expone algunas particularidades del comportamiento espacial de la oferta de inmuebles en el área de estudio, seguido de una evaluación de características e influencias en la configuración urbana y la segregación socio espacial. Se parte de la hipótesis de que la dinámica del mercado inmobiliario influye más que la planificación en la configuración urbana de la región.
This study contributes to the research literature by providing a new formulation for the cow replacement problem, and it also contributes to the Extension deliverables by providing a user-friendly ...decision support system tool that would more likely be adopted and applied for practical decision making. The cow value, its related values of a new pregnancy and a pregnancy loss, and their associated replacement policies determine profitability in dairy farming. One objective of this study was to present a simple, interactive, dynamic, and robust formulation of the cow value and the replacement problem, including expectancy of the future production of the cow and the genetic gain of the replacement. The proven hypothesis of this study was that all the above requirements could be achieved by using a Markov chain algorithm. The Markov chain model allowed (1) calculation of a forward expected value of a studied cow and its replacement; (2) use of a single model (the Markov chain) to calculate both the replacement policies and the herd statistics; (3) use of a predefined, preestablished farm reproductive replacement policy; (4) inclusion of a farmer's assessment of the expected future performance of a cow; (5) inclusion of a farmer's assessment of genetic gain with a replacement; and (6) use of a simple spreadsheet or an online system to implement the decision support system. Results clearly demonstrated that the decision policies found with the Markov chain model were consistent with more complex dynamic programming models. The final user-friendly decision support tool is available at http://dairymgt.info/ → Tools → The Economic Value of a Dairy Cow. This tool calculates the cow value instantaneously and is highly interactive, dynamic, and robust. When a Wisconsin dairy farm was studied using the model, the solution policy called for replacing nonpregnant cows 11 mo after calving or months in milk (MIM) if in the first lactation and 9 MIM if in later lactations. The cow value for an average second-lactation cow was as follows: (1) when nonpregnant, (a) $897 in MIM = 1 and (b) $68 in MIM = 8; (2) when the cow just became pregnant,(a) $889 for a pregnancy in MIM = 3 and (b) $298 for a pregnancy in MIM = 8; and (3) the value of a pregnancy loss when a cow became pregnant in MIM = 5 was (a) $221 when the loss was in the first month of pregnancy and (b) $897 when the loss was in the ninth month of pregnancy. The cow value indicated pregnant cows should be kept. The expected future production of a cow with respect to a similar average cow was an important determinant in the cow replacement decision. The expected production in the rest of the lactation was more important for nonpregnant cows, and the expected production in successive lactations was more important for pregnant cows. A 120% expected milk production for a cow with MIM = 16 and 6 mo pregnant in the present lactation or in successive lactations determined between 1.52 and 6.48 times the cow value, respectively, of an average production cow. The cow value decreased by $211 for every 1 percentage point of expected genetic gain of the replacement. A break-even analysis of the cow value with respect to expected milk production of an average second-parity cow indicated that (1) nonpregnant cows in MIM = 1 and 8 could still remain in the herd if they produced at least 84 and 98% in the present lactation or if they produced at least 78 and 97% in future lactations, respectively; and (2) cows becoming pregnant in MIM = 5 would require at least 64% of milk production in the rest of the lactation or 93% in successive lactations to remain in the herd.
Previous research has suggested that classical psychedelics can foster significant and enduring changes in personality traits and subjective wellbeing. Despite the lack of evidence for adverse ...effects on mental health stemming from psychedelic use, concerns persist regarding the capacity of these substances to modulate information processing and attitudes towards factual data. The aim of the present study was to investigate the propensity for accepting alternative facts and the general treatment of knowledge within a sample of 392 participants, 233 of whom reported at least a single incidence of psychedelic use in their lifetime. To do this, we leveraged step-wise methods of linear modelling investigating effects of demographics, psychiatric conditions and concomitant drug use. Our findings revealed a moderate positive association between psychedelic use and beliefs in alternative facts, as well as the specific belief that facts are politically influenced. However, no links were found for favouring intuition over evidence when confirming facts. Among other investigated drugs, only alcohol was negatively associated with beliefs in alternative facts. Taken together, our results support the link between psychedelic use and non-conformist thinking styles, which can be attributed to the psychological effects of the drugs themselves, but may also mirror a common trait related to unconventional beliefs and illicit substance use.
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