Introduction
Obturator nerve entrapment or idiopathic obturator neuralgia is an unfamiliar pathology for many physicians which can lead to diagnostic errancy. This study aims to identify the ...potential compression areas of the obturator nerve to improve therapeutic management.
Material and methods
18 anatomical dissections of lower limbs from 9 anatomical cadavers were performed. Endopelvic and exopelvic surgical approaches were utilized to study the anatomical variations of the nerve and to identify areas of entrapment.
Results
On 7 limbs, the posterior branch of the obturator nerve passed through the external obturator muscle. A fascia between the adductor brevis and longus muscles was present in 9 of the 18 limbs. The anterior branch of the obturator nerve was highly adherent to the fascia in 6 cases. In 3 limbs, the medial femoral circumflex artery was in close connection with the posterior branch of the nerve.
Conclusion
Idiopathic obturator neuropathy remains a difficult diagnosis. Our cadaveric study did not allow us to formally identify one or more potential anatomical entrapment zones. However, it allowed the identification of zones at risk. A clinical study with staged analgesic blocks would be necessary to identify an anatomical area of compression and would allow targeted surgical neurolysis.
West Nile virus (WNV) is a Flavivirus, which can cause febrile illness in humans that may progress to encephalitis. Like any other obligate intracellular pathogens, Flaviviruses hijack cellular ...protein functions as a strategy for sustaining their life cycle. Many cellular proteins display globular domain known as PDZ domain that interacts with PDZ-Binding Motifs (PBM) identified in many viral proteins. Thus, cellular PDZ-containing proteins are common targets during viral infection. The non-structural protein 5 (NS5) from WNV provides both RNA cap methyltransferase and RNA polymerase activities and is involved in viral replication but its interactions with host proteins remain poorly known. In this study, we demonstrate that the C-terminal PBM of WNV NS5 recognizes several human PDZ-containing proteins using both in vitro and in cellulo high-throughput methods. Furthermore, we constructed and assayed in cell culture WNV replicons where the PBM within NS5 was mutated. Our results demonstrate that the PBM of WNV NS5 is important in WNV replication. Moreover, we show that knockdown of the PDZ-containing proteins TJP1, PARD3, ARHGAP21 or SHANK2 results in the decrease of WNV replication in cells. Altogether, our data reveal that interactions between the PBM of NS5 and PDZ-containing proteins affect West Nile virus replication.
Hfq is a RNA-binding protein that plays a pivotal role in the control of gene expression in bacteria by stabilizing sRNAs and facilitating their pairing with multiple target mRNAs. It has already ...been shown that Hfq, directly or indirectly, interacts with many proteins: RNase E, Rho, poly(A)polymerase, RNA polymerase… In order to detect more Hfq-related protein-protein interactions we have used two approaches, TAP-tag combined with RNase A treatment to access the role of RNA in these complexes, and protein-protein crosslinking, which freezes protein-protein complexes formed in vivo. In addition, we have performed microscale thermophoresis to evaluate the role of RNA in some of the complexes detected and used far-western blotting to confirm some protein-protein interactions. Taken together, the results show unambiguously a direct interaction between Hfq and EF-Tu. However a very large number of the interactions of proteins with Hfq in E. coli involve RNAs. These RNAs together with the interacting protein, may play an active role in the formation of Hfq-containing complexes with previously unforeseen implications for the riboregulatory functions of Hfq.
Host PDZ‐containing proteins targeted by SARS‐CoV‐2 Caillet‐Saguy, Célia; Durbesson, Fabien; Rezelj, Veronica V. ...
The FEBS journal,
September 2021, Letnik:
288, Številka:
17
Journal Article, Web Resource
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Small linear motifs targeting protein interacting domains called PSD‐95/Dlg/ZO‐1 (PDZ) have been identified at the C terminus of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) ...proteins E, 3a, and N. Using a high‐throughput approach of affinity‐profiling against the full human PDZome, we identified sixteen human PDZ binders of SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins E, 3A, and N showing significant interactions with dissociation constants values ranging from 3 to 82 μm. Six of them (TJP1, PTPN13, HTRA1, PARD3, MLLT4, LNX2) are also recognized by SARS‐CoV while three (NHERF1, MAST2, RADIL) are specific to SARS‐CoV‐2 E protein. Most of these SARS‐CoV‐2 protein partners are involved in cellular junctions/polarity and could be also linked to evasion mechanisms of the immune responses during viral infection. Among the binders of the SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins E, 3a, or N, seven significantly affect viral replication under knock down gene expression in infected cells. This PDZ profiling identifying human proteins potentially targeted by SARS‐CoV‐2 can help to understand the multifactorial severity of COVID19 and to conceive effective anti‐coronaviral agents for therapeutic purposes.
The E, 3a, and N proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) carry a PSD‐95/Dlg/ZO‐1 (PDZ)‐binding motif allowing interaction with PDZ‐containing proteins in infected cells. A high‐throughput approach of affinity‐profiling against the full human PDZome identified 16 human PDZ binders of SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins, out of which seven significantly affect viral replication under knock down gene expression in infected cells. Most of them are involved in cellular junctions/polarity.
Twenty eight essential oils were evaluated for their antibacterial properties, against four pathogenic bacteria (
Escherichia coli O157:H7,
Listeria monocytogenes 2812 1/2a,
Salmonella Typhimurium SL ...1344 and
Staphylococcus aureus). Essential oils were introduced into Brain Heart Infusion agar (BHI) (15
ml) at a concentration of 0.003%, 0.006%, 0.013%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% (vol/vol) to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the maximal tolerated concentration (MTC) for each pathogen evaluated. Results showed that the most active essential oils against bacteria tested were
Corydothymus capitatus,
Cinnamomum cassia,
Origanum heracleoticum,
Satureja montana, and
Cinnamomum verum (bark). These showed a MIC
⩽
0.05% (vol/vol) for all bacteria tested. For the MTC, with the exception of
S. Typhimurium and
L. monocytogenes where a MTC of 0.025% (vol/vol) was observed in presence of
Cinnamomum verum and
Cinnamomum cassia, respectively, a MTC
⩽
0.013% (vol/vol) was observed for all other bacteria and the three other most active essential oils. Three oils (
Satureja hortensis,
Thymus vulgaris carvacroliferum,
Origanum compactum) showed a MIC
⩽
0.1% (vol/vol) for all bacteria tested. Seven oils (
Thymus vulgaris thymoliferum,
Thymus serpyllum,
Thymus satureioides,
Cymbopogon martinii,
Pimenta dioica,
Cinnamomum verum (leaf),
Eugenia caryophyllus) showed a lower antimicrobial activity showing a MIC
⩽
0.4% (vol/vol) against the four bacteria tested. Finally, 13 essential oils were less active showing a MIC value
⩾
0.8% (vol/vol) against at least one bacterium.
Just as every pandemic, COVID-19 could lead to emotional and psychological disturbances among caregivers, especially in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), where significant stress related to the influx ...of patients, exposure to the virus and the lack of documentation on this new SARS occurred. The present study aimed at assessing the psychological impact of COVID-19 on the caregivers at the peak of the “crisis period”.
A survey using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) was proposed to the persons working in 5 ICUs of a French teaching hospital (8th of April to the 21st of April 2020). Logistic regression was performed to find independent risk factors for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant.
The incidence of anxiety and depression were 48% and 16%, respectively. PTSD symptoms were present in 27% of respondents. The independent risk factors for developing anxiety syndrome were being assigned in COVID-19 + ICU (OR = 2.081 95% confident interval (CI), 1.035-4.184), and not be trained in intensive care medicine, OR = 2.570 95% CI, 1.344-4.901. The independent risk factors for PTSD are having a history of burn-out (OR = 4.591 95% CI, 1.464-14.397 and not being trained in ICU, (OR = 2.155 95% CI, 1.047-4.440).
COVID-19 could have a strong impact on ICU workers. These findings should lead to prevention procedures (ICU training sessions) in persons at risk.
The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of Spanish oregano (Corydothymus capitatus), Chinese cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), and savory (Satureja montana) essential oils against cell membranes and ...walls of bacteria was studied by the measurement of the intracellular pH and ATP concentration, the release of cell constituents, and the electronic microscopy observations of the cells when these essential oils at their MICs were in contact with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes, two pathogenic foodborne bacteria, were used as gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial models, respectively. Treatment with these essential oils at their MICs affected the membrane integrity of bacteria and induced depletion of the intracellular ATP concentration. Spanish oregano and savory essential oils, however, induced more depletion than Chinese cinnamon oil. An increase of the extracellular ATP concentration was observed only when Spanish oregano and savory oils were in contact with E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes. Also, a significantly higher (P less than or equal to 0.05) cell constituent release was observed in the supernatant when E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes cells were treated with Chinese cinnamon and Spanish oregano oils. Chinese cinnamon oil was more effective to reduce significantly the intracellular pH of E. coli O157:H7, whereas Chinese cinnamon and Spanish oregano decreased more significantly the intracellular pH of L. monocytogenes. Electronic microscopy observations revealed that the cell membrane of both treated bacteria was significantly damaged. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic membrane is involved in the toxic action of essential oils.
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