Teaching Fairy Tales edited by Nancy L. Canepa brings together scholars who have contributed to the field of fairy-tale studies since its origins. This collection offers information on materials, ...critical approaches and ideas, and pedagogical resources for the teaching of fairy tales in one comprehensive source that will further help bring fairy-tale studies into the academic mainstream. The volume begins by posing some of the big questions that stand at the forefront of fairy-tale studies: How should we define the fairy tale? What is the classic fairy tale? Does it make sense to talk about a fairy-tale canon? The first chapter includes close readings of tales and their variants, in order to show how fairy tales aren't simple, moralizing, and/or static narratives. The second chapter focuses on essential moments and documents in fairy-tale history, investigating how we gain unique perspectives on cultural history through reading fairy tales. Contributors to chapter 3 argue that encouraging students to approach fairy tales critically, either through well-established lenses or newer ways of thinking, enables them to engage actively with material that can otherwise seem over-familiar. Chapter 4 makes a case for using fairy tales to help students learn a foreign language. Teaching Fairy Tales also includes authors' experiences of successful hands-on classroom activities with fairy tales, syllabi samples from a range of courses, and testimonies from storytellers that inspire students to reflect on the construction and transmission of narrative by becoming tale-tellers themselves. Teaching Fairy Tales crosses disciplinary, historical, and national boundaries to consider the fairy-tale corpus integrally and from a variety of perspectives. Scholars from many different academic areas will use this volume to explore and implement new aspects of the field of fairy-tale studies in their teaching and research.
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► Mesoporous micro-spheres containing copper were synthesized by the TIE method. ► All of materials exhibited a good structural regularity and high surface areas. ► This new synthesis ...method promoted the introduction of copper to the mesostructure. ► The copper coexist in both oxidation states 1+ and 2+ (δ+) in the major species. ► The cyclohexene oxidation with H
2O
2 has been studied as a catalytic test.
M41S type mesoporous silicate particles with spherical morphology containing copper nano-species were successfully synthesized by the template-ion exchange (TIE) method and compared with those synthesized by the direct hydrothermal (DHT) method. Various techniques including XRD, AAS, adsorption/desorption of N
2, SEM, TEM, TGA, UV–Vis-DRS, TPR, XPS and FT-IR-Py, were employed for the nanocatalysts characterization. A narrow distribution of silicate particle size between 2 and 3
μm, and a primary mesoporosity were evidenced by electronic microscopy, even for loadings of copper of about 7
wt.%. All the materials exhibited a good structural regularity, besides of high surface areas (>1000
m
2/g) and pore volumes (∼1
cm
3/g). A secondary mesoporosity, likely caused by the hydrothermal treatment during the TIE process, was also detected. This new synthesis method showed the advantage of promoting the introduction of copper nano-species to the mesostructure (isolated Cu
δ+ species and Cu
δ+…O
δ−…Cu
δ+
n
clusters), minimizing the bulk CuO formation. The coexistence of both oxidation states 1+ and 2+ (δ+) in the major copper species present in these catalysts could be inferred. In addition, all of the samples only showed Lewis acid sites. The cyclohexene oxidation with H
2O
2 has been studied as a catalytic test: the highly dispersed Cu
δ+ species on the mesopore walls, obtained by TIE method, have been suggested as the main active sites for the oxidation. The allylic oxidation has mainly taken place, with the formation of 2-cyclohexen-1-one and 2-cyclohexen-1-ol as major products.
•Olefins oxidation on Cu-M(x), synthesized by TIE method, using H2O2 has been studied.•Reaction mechanism including the interaction of the catalyst with H2O2 was proposed.•α-Pinene conversions ...reached values around 23% being verbenone the major product.•Optimal reaction conditions were: α-pinene/oxidant of 4/1 with a further H2O2 addition.•The recycling studies did not show loss in activity and selectivity.
M41S type nano-structured materials prepared with Cu contents varying from 1.2wt% to 6.9wt% were synthesized by the template ion exchange method to be used as potential catalysts in the reaction of α-pinene oxidation with H2O2. The catalysts were evaluated in the test reaction of cyclohexene oxidation as a method of selecting the most active material. The material selected for the oxidation of α-pinene was the one with the highest content of Cu (∼7%, w/w) due to its high activity and selectivity to allylic oxidation products. A reaction mechanism was proposed in order to explain the obtained results. The α-pinene conversion was closed to 25% being verbenone the major product. The stability of the catalyst to the leaching of the active species and the possibility of recycling were checked. The results confirm that the Cu species are not leached during the reaction. Thus heterogeneous catalyst can be recovered and reused many times without loss in catalytic activity and selectivity.
This work investigates use of natural clays as a sustainable raw material to prepare supported vanadium catalysts for the aerobic selective oxidation of ethanol to produce acetaldehyde. As dispersion ...and nature of the supported V species depend on its interaction with the support surface and its specific surface area, montmorillonite extracted from an Argentinian bentonite clay was pillared with titania, and vanadium was added by wet impregnation to get V/Ti-PILC catalysts. The effects of catalyst V content (0.5 – 2 wt%), reaction temperature (250 – 350 ºC) and O2/ethanol molar ratio (0.5 – 1.5) on their performance for this reaction were studied. Characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms showed that the synthesized catalysts maintained the mesoporous structure after the V addition, though their lamellar structure lost regularity. Under the reaction conditions explored, all the V/Ti-PILC catalysts were active and very selective to acetaldehyde (80 %), their activity increasing with V content. The highest activity was associated with the highest dispersion of isolated tetrahedral vanadium centers, identified by diffuse reflectance UV-Vis, Raman and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. The highest ethanol conversion (87 %), with 85 % selectivity to acetaldehyde, was reached over the catalyst with 2 wt% of V at 350 ºC with O2/ethanol = 1. The acetaldehyde yield and selectivity values reached are comparable with those reported for related mesoporous catalysts, which allows to consider these supports a sustainable alternative for high surface area supported vanadium catalysts.
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•V/Ti-PILC catalysts prepared from natural clay by Ti-pillaring and impregnation.•Catalysts show delaminated clay structure, micro- and mesopores, good V dispersion.•High activity for ethanol selective oxidation with selectivity to acetaldehyde >80 %.•Catalytic activity mostly linked to isolated and oligomeric tetrahedral V centers.•Catalytic performance endorses using natural clays as alternate support raw materials.
Chemical stability and catalytic performance of MCM-41 materials functionalized with vanadium by template-ion exchange (TIE) were studied. Solids with different vanadium loadings were synthesized and ...characterized by a multi-technique approach. Their textural and chemical properties were analyzed by low and high angle XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, UV–vis DR, XPS, FTIR-Py and ICP-OES. All solids exhibited a highly ordered mesoporous structure, characteristic of MCM-41 materials. Their specific areas, pore diameters and pore volumes were found to be suitable for application as catalysts in liquid phase oxidation reactions. From different tests of limonene oxidation with H2O2, it was found that isolated cations (Vδ+) are more likely to be the active sites for this reaction. Additionally, results show that high vanadium content actually lowers catalytic performance and favors sub-product formation by secondary reactions. Recycling tests were performed using the lowest vanadium content sample, finding that considerable leaching of active species took place after two reactions cycles. Wet impregnation with titanium was tested as a strategy for vanadium leaching mitigation. Solids with different titanium loadings were synthesized and evaluated. One of the bimetallic materials was selected according to its enhanced catalytic activity which accounts for an interesting synergistic effect between vanadium and titanium. This solid also displayed a superior chemical stability, since the absence of leaching was successfully proven in successive reaction cycles.
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•V-MCM-41 solids were successfully synthesized by TIE and extensively characterized.•Solids with different V loading were tested in limonene oxidation with H2O2.•The lowest V content solid exhibited the best catalytic performance.•Significant leaching of V species was detected after successive reaction cycles.•Ti impregnation is featured as an attractive strategy for V leaching mitigation.
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•MCM-41 materials modified with V, Fe or Co were synthetized by hydrothermal method.•The activity of V-M(60), Fe-M(60) and Co-M(60)were tested in benzyl alcohol oxidation.•The V-M(60) ...exhibited better catalytic activity: TON (1100) and selectivity to BzH of 95%.•The V-M(60) did not show loss of activity and selectivity after several cycles.
MCM-41 nanostructured materials modified with Vanadium, Iron and Cobalt were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, UV–Vis-DR, ICP-OES and N2 adsorption. All the catalysts showed good structural order and high specific areas; however the lowest value in these parameters, corresponding to the Co-M(60) sample, could be due to the higher presence of oxide species determined by UV–Vis-DR. These mesoporous metalosilicates were evaluated in the liquid phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BzOH) to benzaldehyde (BzH) using H2O2 as oxidant. Results showed that V-M(60) had better catalytic performance than Fe-M(60) and Co-M(60) exhibiting high TON (1100mol/molV), selectivity to BzH (95%) and 31.7% yield at 7h under optimized reaction conditions. The main reason for the enhanced catalytic performance was attributed to the well dispersion of vanadium species in the framework which could be considered as the active sites for the benzyl alcohol oxidation reaction. At the same time, the catalyst could be recovered and effectively reused during three cycles without a significant loss in its activity and selectivity.
This multicenter, open-label, non-comparative phase II trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of salvage therapy with lenalidomide, melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide (RMPT) in patients with ...relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Oral lenalidomide (10 mg/day) was administered on days 1-21, and oral melphalan (0.18 mg/kg) and oral prednisone (2 mg/kg) on days 1-4 of each 28-day cycle. Thalidomide was administered at 50 mg/day or 100 mg/day on days 1-28; six cycles were administered in total. Maintenance included lenalidomide 10 mg/day on days 1-21, until unacceptable adverse events or disease progression. Aspirin (100 mg/day) was given as thromboprophylaxis. A total of 44 patients with relapsed/refractory MM were enrolled and 75% achieved at least a partial response (PR), including 32% very good PR (VGPR) and 2% complete response (CR). The 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 51% and the 1-year overall survival (OS) from study entry was 72%. Grade 4 hematologic adverse events included neutropenia (18%), thrombocytopenia (7%) and anemia (2%). Grade 3 non-hematologic adverse events were infections (14%), neurological toxicity (4.5%) and fatigue (7%). No grade 3/4 thromboembolic events or peripheral neuropathy were reported. In conclusion, RMPT is an active salvage therapy with good efficacy and manageable side effects. This study represents the basis for larger phase III randomized trials.
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