Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer. Cisplatin is commonly used in the treatment of many malignant tumours including NSCLC. The innate drug sensitivity ...greatly affects the clinical efficacy of cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. As a plasma membrane adhesion molecule, amphoterin‐induced gene and ORF‐2 (AMIGO2) initially identified as a neurite outgrowth factor has been recently found to play a crucial role in cancer occurrence and progression. However, it is still unclear whether AMIGO2 is involved in innate cisplatin sensitivity. In the present study, we provided the in vitro and in vivo evidences indicating that the alteration of AMIGO2 expression triggered changes of innate cisplatin sensitivity as well as cisplatin‐induced pyroptosis in NSCLC. Further results revealed that AMIGO2 might inhibit cisplatin‐induced activation of (caspase‐8 and caspase‐9)/caspase‐3 via stimulating PDK1/Akt (T308) signalling axis, resulting in suppression of GSDME cleavage and the subsequent cell pyroptosis, thereby decreasing the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to cisplatin treatment. The results provided a new insight that AMIGO2 regulated the innate cisplatin sensitivity of NSCLC through GSDME‐mediated pyroptosis.
The gallium electrodeposition from alkaline solution has a very low current efficiency, the reason for which is still not quite understood. The effects of electrode materials used for gallium ...electrodeposition, as well as the effects of NaOH concentration and the anions concentrations in the solution, including 5042-, SiO32-, CO32-, AlO2-, F-, and CI-, on the deposition were analyzed in this study. The suitable materials of SUS316-SUS316 were suggested for the gallium electrodeposition. Based on the electrode couples, the NaOH concentration of 4 mol.L-1 for gallium electrodeposition exhibits the greatest current efficiency. Moreover, the current efficiency would decrease in the electrolyte along with the increasing concentration of the anions, except that, 0.2 mol-L-1 C1- in the solution slightly improves the current efficiency of gallium elec- trodeposition. Moreover, the gallium deposited on the cathode from the solution with 0.6 mol.L-1 SiO32- appears tiny black in color and coarse. Meanwhile, SUS304 is shown to be not suitable to be used as cathode for the gallium electrodeposition from the alkaline solution.
Abstract
White dwarfs play important roles in stellar evolution and help us gauge the age of our galaxy. The white dwarf H1504+65, the hottest known post-asymptotic giant branch star, is peculiar due ...to its C- and O-rich but He- and H- deficient atmosphere whose composition cannot be well predicted by current stellar evolution models. The analysis of the elemental abundance and the benchmark of stellar atmospheric models depends heavily on spectral data under cosmic conditions, which are currently extremely scarce. We created a well-defined, uniform, relatively large-scale ∼millimeter plasma sample in the laboratory with a temperature and a C/O ratio similar to those of H1504+65’s atmosphere. The emission spectra with high precision in the range of 10–80 nm were obtained and identified according to databases such as NIST and Kelly. A detailed comparison between our emission lines and the Chandra-observed white dwarf H1504+65 atmosphere’s absorption lines was performed. The stongly isolated O VI lines in the range of 10–13 nm are observed in both cases. We observed a wealth of O V lines in the range of 13–14 nm that cannot be well identified or predicted by models due to the weak flux and also probably due to the blending effect of Fe group elements in the Chandra spectrum. Long-wavelength lines ranging from 14 to 80 nm, which are not observed in the Chandra spectrum because of the high interstellar neutral hydrogen column density, show abundant O IV-V, C IV lines, and strong O VI lines. Moreover, the intensities of the lines at 62.973 and 17.216 nm are analyzed to characterize the plasma temperature.
The growth patterns and water treatment capacity of Nitzschia sp. benthic diatoms in different concentrations of sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater (0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 80% and 100%) and f/2 medium ...were studied. Nitzschia sp. grew in different concentrations of aquaculture wastewater and showed remarkable differences in their rate of growth among the treatment groups. Nitzschia sp. grew most quickly (0.83 ind/day) and showed the greatest total chlorophyll‐a content in 30% wastewater. The total chlorophyll‐a content and growth rate of Nitzschia sp. were strongly correlated (R2 > 0.98). The total lipid (TL), total protein, exopolysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) contents of the diatoms were highest in 100% wastewater and showed significant differences among the experimental groups (p < 0.05). Total nitrogen (TN), ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4‐N) (AN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3‐N) (NN), nitrite nitrogen (NO2‐N) (NIN) and total phosphate (TP) contents were significantly reduced after cultivation. TN uptake peaked at 54.58% in 30% wastewater. AN uptake exceeded 95% in 30% wastewater and 100% wastewater. NN uptake peaked at 56.42% in 80% wastewater, whereas TP uptake ranged from 16.80% to 27.69%. These results suggest that Nitzschia sp. biomass can be enhanced via cultivation in low‐concentration (30%) wastewater, after which their cultivation may be continued in high‐concentration (100%) wastewater, increasing their nutritional value and aiding in the removal of surplus nitrogen and phosphorus in sea cucumber aquaculture wastewater. Application of Nitzschia sp. using the recirculating wastewater‐treatment methods described has the potential to reduce environmental harm caused by sea cucumber cultivation and thus achieve sustainable aquaculture.
Idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by loss and obliteration of lung vasculature. Endothelial cell dysfunction is pivotal to the pathophysiology, but different ...causal mechanisms may reflect a need for patient-tailored therapies.
Endothelial cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells were compared with pulmonary arterial endothelial cells from the same patients with idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension, to determine whether they shared functional abnormalities and altered gene expression patterns that differed from those in unused donor cells. We then investigated whether endothelial cells differentiated from pluripotent cells could serve as surrogates to test emerging therapies.
Functional changes assessed included adhesion, migration, tube formation, and propensity to apoptosis. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) and its target, collagen IV, signaling of the phosphorylated form of the mothers against decapentaplegic proteins (pSMAD1/5), and transcriptomic profiles were also analyzed.
Native pulmonary arterial and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells from patients with idiopathic and heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension compared with control subjects showed a similar reduction in adhesion, migration, survival, and tube formation, and decreased BMPR2 and downstream signaling and collagen IV expression. Transcriptomic profiling revealed high kisspeptin 1 (KISS1) related to reduced migration and low carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), to impaired survival in patient cells. A beneficial angiogenic response to potential therapies, FK506 and Elafin, was related to reduced slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3), an antimigratory factor.
Despite the site of disease in the lung, our study indicates that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells are useful surrogates to uncover novel features related to disease mechanisms and to better match patients to therapies.
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value‐added chemicals would be an efficient way to utilize CO2 and mitigate greenhouse gas emission. However, the associated competitive hydrogen evolution ...reaction (HER) in aqueous electrolytes usually leads to poor selectivity for the CO2 electroreduction reactions (CO2RR). Due to their high specific surface areas and tunable single active sites, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as promising candidates for CO2RR. Herein, the Fe‐porphyrin based Zr‐MOF, PCN‐222(Fe), was treated with perfluorocarboxylic acid to afford the hydrophobic Fn‐PCN‐222(Fe) (n = 5 and 7, n is the number of fluorine atoms in the perfluoroalkyl chain) for improving the selectivity CO2RR via inhibiting the HER. Owing to the single active Fe sites were positioned in a hydrophobic microenvironment, the optimal F5‐PCN‐222(Fe) shows a high Faradic efficiency of 97% toward production of CO at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Meanwhile, F5‐PCN‐222(Fe) achieved a high turnover frequency value of 3850 h−1 at −0.8 V, which was almost 3.6 times higher than that of PCN‐222(Fe) and surpassed most of other reported MOFs. This study paves a new way to improve the selectivity of the CO2RR via inhibiting the associated HER by increasing the hydrophobicity of the electrocatalysts.
The local environment of active centers plays a vital role in the CO2 electroreduction reactions (CO2RR). Hydrophobic metal‐organic framework, Fn‐PCN‐222(Fe), were prepared by post‐modification of perfluoroalkyl chains and used for CO2RR. Compared with the pristine PCN‐222(Fe), the CO faradic efficiency of Fn‐PCN‐222(Fe) is significantly improved.
With an upsurge of biodegradable metal implants, the research and application of Mg alloys in the gastrointestinal environment of the digestive tract have been of great interest. Digestive enzymes, ...mainly pepsin in the stomach and pancreatin in the small intestine, are widespread in the gastrointestinal tract, but their effect on the degradation of Mg alloys has not been well understood. In this study, we investigated the impacts of pepsin and pancreatin on the degradation of Mg-2Zn alloy wires. The results showed that the pepsin and pancreatin had completely different even the opposite effects on the degradation of Mg, although they both affected the degradation product layer. The degradation rate of Mg wire declined with the addition of pepsin in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) but rose with the addition of pancreatin in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The opposite trends in degradation rate also resulted in completely different degradation morphologies in wires surface, where the pitting corrosion in SGF was inhibited because of the physical barrier effect of pepsin adsorption. In contrast, the adsorption of pancreatin affected the integrity of magnesium hydrogen phosphate film, causing a relatively uneven degraded surface. These results may help us to understand the role of different digestive enzymes in the degradation of magnesium and facilitate the development and clinical application of magnesium alloy implanted devices for the digestive tract.
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•The pepsin in SGF and pancreatin in SIF have opposite effects on the degradation rate of Mg.•Both enzymes can adsorb on the surface of Mg wire and affect the formation of the degradation layer.•The physical barrier effect of pepsin adsorption retarded the pitting corrosion and corrosion rate in SGF.•Adsorbed pancreatin affected the integrity of the products layer in SIF, resulting in an accelerated corrosion rate.
In this paper, ultrathin Pt nanowires （Pt NWs） and PtNi alloy nanowires （PtNi NWs） supported on carbon were synthesized as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction （ORR）. Pt and PtNi NWs ...catalysts composed of interconnected nanoparticles were prepared by using a soft template method with CTAB as the surface active agent. The physical characterization and electrocatalytic perfor- mance of Pt NWs and PtNi NWs catalysts for ORR were investigated and the results were compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The atomic ratio of Pt and Ni in PtNi alloy was approximately 3 to 1. The results show that after alloying with Ni, the binding energy of Pt shifts to higher values, indicating the change of its electronic structure, and that Pt3Ni NWs catalyst has a significantly higher electrocatalytic activity and good stability for ORR as compared to Pt NWs and even Pt/C catalyst. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of Pt3Ni NWs catalyst is mainly resulted from the downshifted-band center of Pt caused by the interaction between Pt and Ni in the alloy, which facilitates the desorption of oxygen containing species （Oads or OHads） and the release of active sites.
Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Tripterygium wilfordii polycoride（TWP） towards the pro-inflammatory factors（TNF-α and IL-1β） on the inflammatory reaction in macrophages induced by ...LPS and its regulatory effect and influence on the inflammation via TLR4/NF-k B. Methods The MTT method was adopted to test the effect of drugs, TWP, dexamethasone（DXM） and azathioprine（AZA） on cell growth and to select the appropriate concentration. LPS was used to induce the inflammatory reaction in RAW264.7 cell line of mice. Elisa kit was adopted to test the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. Western blotting was adopted to test the protein expression of TNF-α and IL-1β. RT-PCR was adopted to test the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB. Results The inhibiting effect of TWP on the release of TNF-α and IL-1β in a dose dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of three different TWP dose groups is weaker than that in DXM group. However, TWP in high dose is better than AZA on TNF-α and is as strong as AZA on IL-1β. The dose dependent manner also exits in the effect on the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB, the effect is not weaker, but even stronger than that of DXM and AZA. Conclusion The research shows that down regulation of TLR4 and NF-k B p65 may be one of the mechanisms about the TWP inhibitory effect on TNF-α and IL-1β.
Due to the tonic and nutritive virtues of sea cucumbers, increased commercial aquaculture has resulted in the expansion of breeding ponds, a primary form of sea cucumber production. Expansion of such ...production methods has led to increased settling of organic wastes onto the seabed, resulting in enriched sediments. Nitzschia sp. serves as an edible sea cucumber feed. Release characteristics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from sediments in the presence of different biomass densities of Nitzschia sp. were studied via laboratory static cultures. pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the overlying water and biochemical components (i.e., protein, chlorophyll a) of Nitzschia sp. were assessed. When the biomass of Nitzschia sp. was more than (2–5) × 104 ind/cm2, the release of N and P nutrients was significantly promoted; additionally, the DO content of the overlying water was relatively high and the pH was relatively stable, which favoured the accumulation of proteins and chlorophyll a in Nitzschia sp. The results indicated that Nitzschia sp. promotes the release of N and P in sediments while absorbing them to maintain their own growth and promote the accumulation of nutrients, such as proteins, for the sea cucumbers. At the same time, the algae release oxygen, increasing the DO of the overlying water, providing a healthy breeding environment for the sea cucumbers. Application of Nitzschia sp. has the potential to reduce environmental harm caused by sea cucumber cultivation and thus achieve sustainable aquaculture.
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