The concept of Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0 is not a simple chronological continuation or alternative to Industry 4.0 paradigm. Society 5.0 aims to place human beings at the midpoint of innovation, ...exploiting the impact of technology and Industry 4.0 results with the technological integration to improve quality of life, social responsibility and sustainability. This ground-breaking perspective has common points with the objectives of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. It also has major implication for universities transformations. Universities are called upon producing knowledge for new technologies and social innovation. In our paper, we argue that digitalisation opens new perspectives for universities and can become one of the main drivers of their change. Incorporating the assumptions of Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0 into the universities practices and policies will allow both universities and societies to fully benefit from digital transformation. Making the human-oriented innovation as the universities trademark and developing new cooperative models will also help to achieve sustainable priorities. The use of the Quintuple Helix Model (QHM) might foster the process of necessary transformations capacities as it integrates different perspectives and sets the stage for sustainability priorities and considerations. As far as the practical goal is concerned, the paper proposes a set of recommendations for universities aiming at developing new forms and channels of distribution of education, research and innovation within in the context of QHM and Society 5.0. We call them socially and digitally engaged model.
•The application of OR to Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EEs) is fragmented.•We present a problem-oriented typology of limitations of EE research.•These problems connect the OR community to the domain ...area.•We review OR approaches that address the four identified problems.•We synthesize critical issues and present an agenda for future research.
Innovation-driven entrepreneurship has become a focus for economic development and received increasing attention from policy makers and academics over the last decades. While consensus has been reached that context matters for innovation and entrepreneurship, little evidence and decision support exists for policy makers to effectively shape the environment for growth-oriented companies. We present the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept as a complex systems-based approach to the study of innovation-driven entrepreneurial economies. The concept, in combination with novel data sources, offers new opportunities for research and policy, but also comes with new challenges. The aim of this paper is to take stock of the literature and build bridges for more transdisciplinary research. First, we review emergent trends in ecosystem research and provide a typology of four overarching problems based on current limitations. These problems connect operational research scholars to the context and represent focal points for their contributions. Second, we review the operational research literature and provide an overview of how these problems have been addressed and outline opportunities for future research, both for the specific problems as well as cross-cutting themes. Operational research has been invaluable in supporting decision-makers facing complex problems in several fields. This paper provides a conceptual and methodological agenda to increase its contribution to the study and governance of entrepreneurial ecosystems.
•A framework for estimating national and regional innovation efficiency is presented•The proposed DEA-based model is formulated as a multiobjective mathematical program•Multiple objectives refer to ...different stages and hierarchies of innovation systems•Ordinal regression analysis examines the influence of additional variables•Efficiency results show significant differences across countries and regions
Evaluating the efficiency of innovation systems can serve as a substantial enabling tool for policymaking serving to identify best practices and develop potential improvements of actions and strategies. It also serves to provide valuable insight in understanding the nature and dynamics of innovation process at its different stages and levels. The main aim of the paper is to present an integrated assessment and classification framework for national and regional innovation efficiency. The proposed model is based on Data Envelopment Analysis and is formulated as a multiobjective mathematical program in order to consider the objectives and constraints of the different stages and levels of the innovation process. Additionally, the model copes with DEA inconsistencies when ratio measures are employed. In the second part of the study, a multicriteria decision aid approach, based on an ordinal regression model, is applied in order to study how environmental factors on innovation and entrepreneurship affect the estimated efficiency scores. The proposed approach is applied to a set of 23 European countries and their 185 corresponding regions. The results show that there are large differences regarding the efficiency scores of the different stages and levels, implying the existence of significant divergences from the expected norm concerning innovation efficiency. The contribution of the paper lies (i) in the proposed multiobjective model, which is able to model the multiple stages and levels of the innovation process and handle ratio measures without requiring the same set of inputs and outputs at different levels and (ii) in the presented application of the model in the efficiency evaluation of innovation systems, including a meta-analysis of the results based on the framework of the Quadruple Innovation Helix. Such an approach may provide a valuable tool for country/region comparison and policy formulation.
The concept of business models and consequently business model innovation has its foundation in corporate practice, strategic management, and industrial economics. However, business models are not a ...strategy but constitute the core and driver of a strategy as well as the key for decoding, understanding, and effectively communicating a strategy both within an organization as well as across its business ecosystem. As with Business Model, the Business Model Innovation literature is not well developed. This paper focuses on the effects that can be achieved through business model innovation, in particular organizational sustainability. In this regard, the paper focuses on the organizational design and governance and the role different stakeholders, predominantly customers and partners play in the innovation process towards organizational sustainability. Finally, the ways by which organizational performance is influenced by different business models are also explored, aiming to shed light on this theoretical gap. The results provide insights to manufacturers in developing countries, overcoming their dependence on commoditized products and OEM manufacturing while maintaining a sustainable ecosystem. Finally, implications for theory, policy, and practice are outlined along with the suggestions for future research.
The combination of knowledge and innovation has become a cornerstone among knowledge and labour intensive enterprises. A growing number of enterprises are defined as knowledge intensive ...entrepreneurship ventures that have been widely studied in relation to their eco-system. However only few research have addressed this phenomenon to enterprises digital eco-system by adopting mainly a qualitatively approach. We point out that the relevance of the digital eco-system focusing on the role of social networking sites in relationship to innovation and knowledge. The use of social networking sites can provide a wealth of information about individuals and their networks, which can be utilised for various business purposes. It enables enterprises to create online communities and share user-created content. Within this context, enterprises actively interact with external actors such as customers, public institutions, and other businesses to acquire and absorb external knowledge, and then generate innovation. To gain insights from the global economy, 215 small to medium enterprises from different sets of global enterprises, both knowledge-intensive (e.g. management consulting, marketing and advertising, ICT and related services, legal and technical services) and labour-intensive (such as high tech and electronics, food and beverage, and consumer durables), were analysed. Via the Partial Least Square-Path Modelling the relationships between social networking sites, absorptive capacity, and innovation performance were measured. Therefore, recommendations are proffered as to what small-medium enterprises should do in order to enhance their innovativeness. The research ends with conclusions and implications to both scholars and practitioners.
This policy perspective explains the economic logic of open science in fusion energy research (FER) via application of the Mertonian norms of communalism, universalism, disinterestedness, ...originality, and skepticism. FER is transitioning between science and technology and so provides a fitting example of the productive balance between the community of scientists, who generally favor full disclosure of their results, and that of technologists, who typically favor secrecy or exclusive possession, as the New Economics of Science (NES) explains. For scientists, the publicly funded International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project is an example of the benefits of open science because all its intellectual property is equally shared by its members. For technologists, the next Demonstration (DEMO) phase, is being characterized by an influx of private funding and by a shift from open science to proprietary technologies, which can negatively impact future research due to exclusive possession. The evidence provides support to continuing with a systematic approach to international environmental technology policy that favors managed co-opetition via open science because this can provide greater economic and social utility to both communities of scientists and of technologists.
•The recent fusion net energy breakthrough is expected to boost private investment.•Technology policy must balance publicly and privately funded fusion projects.•Open science fosters cooperation between public and private fusion research bodies.•Managed co-opetition via open science and innovation can accelerate fusion research.•A systemic approach addresses institutional failures in climate and energy policies.
Innovation is a complex, dynamic, socio-technical, socio-economic and socio-political phenomenon which needs to be approached in a holistic manner to be properly measured and assessed. In this paper, ...we revisit the national and regional Innovation Scoreboards using a multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach in the context of the Quadruple Innovation Helix (QIH) framework. We deploy an MCDA approach combining AHP and TOPSIS methods which merges data from Government, University, Industry, and Civil Society sectors (the four QIH actors or helices) and overcomes limitations of the existing Innovation Scoreboard approach by incorporating the different preference systems of the QIH Helix actors. The findings illustrate the power and promise of our approach as an alternative composite innovation metric. Estimating the different preferences of innovation stakeholders gives the ability to develop policies and practices oriented towards specific QIH actors. Estimating the importance that each QIH actor assigns to different innovation aspects is critical policy-wise and practice-wise as it provides a perspective on relative efficacies and potential ways and means to calculate differential efficacies for alternative configurations of resource allocations. These results underlie specific policies, practices, and priorities therein based on the relative re-distribution of weights.
Smart, sustainable and inclusive growth is the key goal of several EU initiatives, strategies and programmes in the short, medium and long term and at the regional, national and pan-European levels. ...In this paper, we attempt to explore, explain and enact the conceptual as well as practical linkages between theory, policy and practice related to the ingredients of such growth based on regional innovation smart specialisation strategies and viewed via the ‘multi-focal lens’ of the Quadruple and Quintuple Innovation Helixes (also Quadruple/Quintuple Helix) perspective.
Social innovation is related to new products, services, and models aiming to improve human well-being and create social relationships and collaborations. The business model innovation (BMI) context ...can foster social innovation and can be applied in social innovation projects and initiatives. What is important for social BMI is the social mission, which needs to be defined in order to be able to move forward with the strategy, the value proposition, and the best practices of the business. Based on the existing social innovation literature and case studies, this paper proposes an "ecosystem" approach that can provide an integrated framework for social business models. This approach adopts the quadruple/quintuple helix innovation models which are able to promote social innovation, enabling a locus-centric and triple-bottom-line-centric entrepreneurial process of knowledge discovery and exploitation. Such a framework may help to study the role, nature, and dynamics of social co-opetitive fractal ecosystems, given emphasis on civil society, political structures, environment, and sustainability. In addition, the social innovation case studies presented in this paper highlight that targeted open innovation is a key element for social BMI.
Regions are increasingly being viewed as eco‐systemic agglomerations of organizational and institutional entities or stakeholders with socio‐technical, socio‐economic, and socio‐political conflicting ...as well as converging (co‐opetitive) goals, priorities, expectations, and behaviors that they pursue via entrepreneurial development, exploration, exploitation, and deployment actions, reactions and interactions. In this context, our paper aims to explore and profile the nature and dynamics of the Quadruple/Quintuple Helix Innovation System Model or Framework (government, university, industry, civil society, environment) as an enabler and enactor of regional co‐opetitive entrepreneurial ecosystems which we conceptualize as fractal, multi‐level, multi‐modal, multi‐nodal, and multi‐lateral configurations of dynamic tangible and intangible assets within the resource‐based view and the new theory of the growth of the firm. Co‐opetitive fractal innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystems are defined and discussed, and examples of regional innovation policies and programs are presented. Furthermore, the concept of multi‐level innovation systems is analyzed, taking into account the existence of knowledge clusters and innovation networks, while alternative aggregations of multi‐level innovation systems are proposed based on their spatial (geographical) and non‐spatial (research‐based) functional properties.
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