Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans looks at the phenomenon of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans over the last two hundred years. It argues that the events that occurred during this time can be ...demystified, that the South East of Europe was not destined to become violent and that constructions of the Balkans as endemically violent misses a important political point and historical point.Carmichael provides an account of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans as a single historical phenomenon and brings together a vast array of primary and secondary sources to produce a concise and accessible argument. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of European studies, history and comparative politics.
Between 1878 and 1918 the Eastern border (Ostgrenze) of the Habsburg Monarchy, and in particular the mountainous regions between Hercegovina and Montenegro, posed security challenges. The people of ...the region had strong local traditions and a reputation for resistance to outside authority (having fought against Ottoman power for centuries). In 1878, the village of Klobuk had tried to fight off the Habsburg invader and had only slowly been subdued. Thereafter the new authorities built up a formidable line of defence along their new border with Montenegro including the garrisons at Trebinje, Bileća and Avtovac. After the annexation of Bosnia and Hercegovina in 1908, the security situation became tense, a situation exacerbated by fear of South Slav expansion after the Balkan Wars of 1912-13 (which went hand in hand with propaganda that depicted the Serbs and Montenegrins as violent by nature). Orthodox Serbs living along the Montenegrin border were increasingly viewed with suspicion. During the summer of 1914, when anti-Serb feeling reverberated around the Monarchy, men from the villages closest to the border were either hanged or deported. The implementation and interpretation of Habsburg military regulations (Dienstreglement) meant that the Orthodox population in the border areas suffered disproportionately in 1914.
Abstract
The
D
rina is a long winding river in the western
B
alkans, with many prosperous old towns on its banks. It had a central place in the mythologies of both
C
roatian and
S
erbian nationalists ...in the twentieth century. The idea that the river and its environs were unambiguously part of one national territory has led to the violent exclusion of other nationalities. This article looks at the
D
rina valley with a particular focus on the 1940s and 1990s.
The Drina is a long winding river in the western Balkans, with many prosperous old towns on its banks. It had a central place in the mythologies of both Croatian and Serbian nationalists in the ...twentieth century. The idea that the river and its environs were unambiguously part of one national territory has led to the violent exclusion of other nationalities. This article looks at the Drina valley with a particular focus on the 1940s and 1990s.
With its long and fortunate Adriatic Coast, Yugoslavia became a popular holiday destination and an attractive centre for students from the Non-Aligned countries with which the regime traded during ...the Cold War. Visitors and locals alike benefitted from the extraordinary and rapid modernisation of the country in the post-war years, including the introduction of universal free education (Hadzisehovic 2003; Tomasevic 2008), nominal gender equality (Sklevicky 1996), new roads, a railway line that linked Belgrade to the coast, healthcare and social insurance. The Yugoslav League of Communists (SKJ, Savez komunista Jugoslavije) formed from the Communist Party (KPJ, Kumunisticka partija Jugoslavije) in 1952 had a reputation as one of the most liberal Leninist parties in power during the Cold War era. In 1985, readers of a well-known guide book series were informed: 'Known as Milicija, Yugoslav Police are generally easy going and helpful' (Dunford et al. 1985, p. 8). Geoffrey Hosking (1985, p. 325) felt that its leader Josip Broz Tito had demonstrated that 'it was possible to institute a different kind of socialism'.
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