Introducción: Una propiedad característica del tegumento humano es la viscoelasticidad. La piel y el tejido celular subcutáneo traccionados por una fuerza constante pueden llegar a cubrir áreas ...expuestas en lapsos relativamente breves. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar una serie de casos con defectos de cobertura de la pierna. Se realizó la síntesis tegumentaria con técnica de dermotracción mediante “bandas de tracción”, con la finalidad de poder precisar qué lesiones pueden beneficiarse de este método. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, longitudinal realizado entre 2012 y 2019. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: 1) heridas con déficit de cobertura tegumentaria en la pierna, de etiología traumática diversa (dehiscencia de abordajes quirúrgicos, fasciotomías por síndrome compartimental, fracturas expuestas y heridas abiertas con déficit de partes blandas).Resultados: Se analizó a 36 pacientes (edad promedio 28 años) que tenían lesiones con pérdida de cobertura localizadas en distintas regiones de la pierna. En 27 pacientes (75%), se logró el cierre sin necesidad de procedimientos complementarios. En el 8,3%, se logró la reducción del área expuesta y fue necesario un procedimiento complementario (injerto de piel). Seis pacientesrequirieron técnicas reconstructivas de partes blandas miocutáneas y fasciocutáneas. Conclusiones: Esta técnica es efectiva, simple y económica para lograr el cierre diferido de las heridas complejas o fasciotomías. La dermotracción permite el cierre diferido en pocos días luego del trauma.
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the dangers of airborne pathogen transmission. SARS-CoV-2 is known to be transmitted through aerosols; however, little is known about the dynamics of these aerosols ...in real environments, the conditions, and the minimum viral load required for infection. Efficiently measuring and capturing pathogens present in the air would help to understand the infection process. Air samplers usually take several hours to obtain an air sample. In this work a fast (1-2 min) method for capturing bioaerosols into a liquid medium has been tested in hospital rooms with COVID-19 patients. This fast sampling allows detecting transient levels of aerosols in the air. SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected in aerosols from several hospital rooms at different levels. Interestingly, there are sudden boosts of the SARS-CoV-2 load in the air, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 could be released abundantly at certain moments. These results show that the distribution of SARS-CoV-2-containing aerosols is not homogeneous in the hospital room. This technology is a fast and effective tool for capturing airborne matter in a very short time, which allows for fast decision-making any kind of hazard in the air is detected. It is also useful for a better understanding of aerosols dynamics.
El presente artículo se ubica en un momento intermedio de implementación de un proyecto interdisciplinario en una escuela de educación secundaria de una ciudad de la Patagonia Argentina, cuando las ...personas protagonistas, por razones diversas, se replantean la continuidad de las acciones y/o la modalidad de estas. Se analiza la movilidad que este tipo de trabajo genera en docentes, personal directivo y estudiantes, desde lugares que les provocan inseguridad hacia otros relativamente cómodos o estables para ellos, dentro de sus zonas de confort. La perspectiva teórica sustenta la integración no solo de disciplinas, sino también de saberes, tiempos, comunidades y personas. Se reconocen elementos de la vida escolar a tener en cuenta para promover cierta sustentabilidad de este tipo de proyectos, relativos a la visibilidad de las fases de ejecución, la modalidad de enseñanza y el criterio de evaluación. También emerge una necesaria reconstrucción de la referencia epistemológica del grupo protagonista involucrado.
Programs as Paradigms Carranza, Pablo Miranda
Architectural design,
September/October 2014, Letnik:
84, Številka:
5
Journal Article
How might we synthesise two very different approaches in architecture? One based on programme and another on typology or paradigm. Pablo Miranda Carranza, a researcher at the Architecture School at ...the RoyalInstitute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, takes his cue from an approach suggested by Colin Rowe in the early 1980s to examine how computation formulates architectural thinking and presentation.
Fast surface disinfection with COUNTERFOG® SDR-F05A+ Pérez Díaz, José Luis; Sánchez García-Casarrubios, Juan; Méndez-Vigo Carranza, Pablo ...
European physical journal plus,
04/2021, Letnik:
136, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
COUNTERFOG® has been proposed as a rapid decontamination and disinfection technology that uses dynamic submicrometric-disinfecting fog cones. When projected onto surfaces, they create a ...micrometre-thick film of disinfectant minimizing the use of liquids and the impact on environment. The extremely thin film is intended to be enough to cover and kill microorganisms and simultaneously thin enough to evaporate in a few minutes—depending on the environmental conditions. In the present work, experimental tests were carried out to verify this hypothesis. These include a physical characterization of the fog in the cone, a measurement of the liquid flow projected on surfaces as well as disinfection tests with a series of microorganisms. In addition to these results, operational recommendations are derived to ensure disinfection reliability.
In 1992 MIT Press published "Possible Palladian Villas (Plus a Few Instructively Impossible Ones)", the result of the chance collaboration between Richard Freedman, an undergraduate majoring in ...computer science, and George Hersey, Professor of Art History at Yale. The book described their findings while writing the software called /Palladio/, which was included in a floppy disc accompanying the book. This paper looks also at the role of the third partner in this collaboration, the computer, and how, in its capacity to impersonate Palladio, it reproduced but also challenged many of the myths and even some of the anxieties of twentieth century architecture.
Cholera toxin (CT) gene-negative
Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains may cause severe diarrhea though their pathogenic mechanism remains unclear.
V. cholerae cytolysin (VCC) is a pore-forming ...exotoxin encoded in the
hlyA gene of
V. cholerae whose contribution to the pathogenesis is not fully understood. In this work, the virulence properties of a CT gene-negative
V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strain causing a cholera-like syndrome were analyzed. Inoculation of rabbit ileal loops with the wild type strain induced extensive fluid accumulation, accompanied by severe histopathological damage characterized by villus shortening, lymphangiectasia and focal areas of necrosis. These pathogenic effects were abrogated by mutation of the
hlyA gene thus pointing out the main role of VCC in the virulence of the strain. Interestingly, this toxin was capable of triggering apoptosis in human intestinal cell lines due to its anion channel activity. Moreover, the wild type strain also induced increased apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium cells which was not observed upon inoculation of the VCC null mutant strain, indicating that VCC may trigger apoptotic cell death during infection
in vivo. Altogether, these results support a main role of VCC in the pathogenesis of the CT gene-negative
V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strain and identify apoptosis as a previously unrecognized cell death pathway triggered by VCC.
Barely a month before the end of World War II, a technical report begun circulating among allied scientists: the ‘First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC’, attributed to John von Neumann, described for ...the first time the design and implementation of the earliest stored-program computer. The ‘First Draft’ became the template followed by subsequent British and American computers, establishing the standard characteristics of most computing machines to date. This article looks at how the material and design choices described in this report influenced architecture, as it set up the technological matrix onto which a discipline relying on a tradition of drawn geometry would be eventually completely remediated. It consists of two parts: first, a theoretical section, analysing the repercussions for architecture of the type of computer laid out in the ‘First Draft’. Second, a description of a design experiment, a sort of information furniture, that tests and exemplifies some of the observations from the first section. This experiment examines the possibilities of an architecture that, moving beyond geometric representations, uses instead the programming of events as its rationale. The structure of this article reflects a methodology in which theoretical formulation and design experiments proceed in parallel. The theoretical investigation proposes concepts that can be tested and refined through design and conversely design work determines and encourages technical, critical and historical research. This relation is dialogical: theoretical investigation is not simply a rationalisation and explanation of earlier design work; inversely, the role of design is not just to illustrate previously formulated concepts. Both design and theorisation are interdependent but autonomous in their parallel development.
Rural land valuation plays an important role in the development of land use policies for agricultural purposes. The advance of computational software and machine learning methods has enhanced mass ...appraisal methodologies for modeling and predicting economic values. New machine learning methods, like tree-based regression models, have been proposed as an alternative to linear regression to predict economic values from ancillary variables, since these algorithms are able to handle non-normality and non-linearity in the data. However, regression trees are commonly estimated assuming independent rather than spatially correlated data. This study aims to build a tree-based regression model that will help to tackle methodological problems related to the determination of prices of rural lands. The Quantile Regression Forest (QRF) algorithm was used to provide a regression model to predict and assess the uncertainty associated with model-derived predictions. However, the classical QRF ignores the autocorrelation underlying spatialized land values. The objective of this work was to develop, implement, and evaluate a spatial version of QRF, named sQRF, for computer-assisted mass appraisal of rural land values accounting for information from neighboring sites. We compared predictions of land values from sQRF with those obtained from spatial random forest, kriging regression, and linear regression models. sQRF performed well in predicting rural land values; indeed, it performed better than multiple linear regression. An important feature of sQRF is its ability to produce a direct uncertainty measure to assess the goodness of the predictions. Land values reflect a complex mix of agricultural returns, localization, and access to markets, which can be predicted from ancillary environmental variables. Good predictive models are essential to determine land values for multiple purposes including territorial taxation.
•A spatial machine learning algorithm is developed to predict land values.•The spatial QRF method performed well in delivering predictions of rural land values.•The algorithm provides a measure of uncertainty associated with the prediction.•Rural land values were mapped with the fitted model at a regional scale.
Updated cadastral land values are a matter of critical importance for local governments: higher revenue of property taxes, more equitable treatment to taxpayers, a fundamental input in the design of ...public policies related to access to land and housing for the most vulnerable and a key feature in land value capture strategies to finance public infrastructure, to name just a few public policies that require correct valuations of land. However, in Latin America, outdated cadastral values are common to most cities. The reasons for this can be found in the complexity of the mass appraisal process, lack of institutional and fiscal capacity to undertake it and bureaucratic resistance to its implementation.
The objective of this paper is to present a mass appraisal methodology that uses only free and open data to achieve robust urban land valuations. Information from the OpenStreetMap Project is used to generate several land variables. In addition, the Global Human Settlement Layer of the European Commission is used to determine the level of consolidation of urban sprawl. Land value data were obtained from the Mapa de Valores de América Latina, a collaborative initiative that systemizes more than 68,000 data from more than 900 cities.
This information is used to train three tree-based machine learning models: Random Forest, Quantile Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Model. The results support the viability of the proposed strategy, simplifying the mass appraisal process in terms of costs, time and complexity of the information used.
•We contributed to developing an accessible and cost effective methodology for the mass appraisal of urban land.•We applied machine learning and open data, achieving results simmilar to research based on large volumes of closed-access data.•The proposed approach is particularly applicable to cities without the fiscal capacity to conduct large valuation studies.•The proposal requires modifications in the legal valuation frameworks of Latin American cities in order to be successfully.
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