Introduction Salicylic acid has shown promise in alleviating water stress in cultivated plants. However, there is a lack of studies confirming its effectiveness in cowpea plants grown in field ...conditions. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the use of salicylic acid as a water stress mitigator in cowpea cultivars under different irrigation depths in field conditions. Methods Four cowpea cultivars (BRS Novaera, BRS Tapaihum, BRS Pujante, and BRS Pajeú) were subjected to different treatments: control (W100: 100% replacement of crop evapotranspiration – ETc), W50 (50% of ETc), W50+SA2 (50% of ETc + 276 mg L -1 of SA), and W50+SA4 (50% of ETc + 552 mg L -1 of SA). The treatments were combined in a 4×4 factorial scheme with three replications, arranged in a randomized block design. Results Water restriction had a negative impact on the water status, growth, gas exchange, and production of the cultivars while also leading to changes in the antioxidant metabolism and osmolyte concentration. The application of SA enhanced antioxidant activity and the synthesis of osmotic adjusters under stress conditions. The most effective concentration was 276 mg L -1 in stage R2 and 552 mg L -1 in stage V7, respectively. The BRS Pujante cultivar showed increased productivity under water restriction with SA application, while the BRS Tapaihum was the most tolerant among the cultivars studied. Discussion In summary, our findings underscore the importance of using SA to mitigate the effects of water restriction on cowpea cultivation. These discoveries are crucial for the sustainability of cowpea production in regions susceptible to drought, which can contribute to food security. We further add that the adoption of new agricultural practices can enhance the resilience and productivity of cowpea as an essential and sustainable food source for vulnerable populations in various parts of the world.
Increasing population pressure generates a greater demand for food and consumer products, which forces the agricultural sector to optimize the production systems, as well as to use edible and ...energetic specie cultivars associated with abiotic stress-reducing substances. This investigation aimed to evaluate whether silicon (Si) promotes physiological adjustments, an increase in production, higher yield, and improved quality of naturally colored cotton fibers. Five doses of silicon (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L
−1
) were tested in a completely randomized design. The variables assessed were physiological, production, fibers yield and quality produced by BRS Safira cultivar. Data were submitted to principal component analysis, multivariate and univariate variance, and multiple linear regression. Silicon promotes physiological adjustments, increased production, and cotton fiber quality. Optimum Si dose varies depending on the variable response. Fiber quality from cotton plants treated with Si is within the expected pattern for this cultivar and the international standard D-4605 of the American Society for Testing and Materials for fiber quality measurement. Therefore, planting BRS Safira cultivar under Si foliar applications may be recommended to improve the naturally colored fiber cotton production chain in the Brazilian semiarid region.
A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) é uma cultura que apresenta grande importância socioeconômica a nível nacional e global. A vinhaça é um resíduo orgânico gerado por meio do processo ...industrial que transforma a cana-de-açúcar em etanol, sendo utilizada como biofertilizante de forma parcial ou total. Contudo, visto o alto custo de distribuição e aplicação de vinhaça, muitas empresas que produzem etanol estão minimizando o volume de água por meio da evaporação, gerando assim a vinhaça concentrada, que com as novas tecnologias pelas industrias sucroenergéticas, tem-se enriquecido a vinhaça com nutrientes essenciais para a fertilização da cultura. Diante desse contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo demonstrar as recentes descobertas a respeito da utilização de vinhaça concentrada e enriquecida como biofertilizante e seus respectivos efeitos sob a cana-de-açúcar. A vinhaça apresenta cerca de 93% equivalente a água e 7% de sólidos, podendo atuar como biofertilizante por meio da fertirrigação, de modo a beneficiar toda a estrutura do solo. No entanto, visto o elevado custo de distribuição e aplicação desse produto, as empresas produtoras estão diminuindo esse volume através da evaporação, aumento por consequência os teores de potássio, além enriquecerem esse produto com nutrientes essenciais, de modo a realizar uma adubação mais completa e de maior aproveitamento. Assim, a utilização de vinhaça concentrada e enriquecida é uma inovação que sem sendo empregada de maneira constante, oferecendo um produto puro e rico em macronutrientes e micronutrientes para a cana-de-açúcar, tornando-se necessário novas pesquisas.
The association between population increase and the exploitation of natural resources and climate change influences the demand for food, especially in semi-arid regions, highlighting the need for ...technologies that could provide cultivated species with better adaptation to agroecosystems. Additionally, developing cultivation technologies that employ waste materials is highly desirable for sustainable development. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate whether seed priming with glass waste microparticles used as a silicon source under red light irradiation mitigates the effects of thermal and water stress on seedlings of Moringa oleifera. The experimental design was set up in randomized blocks using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of seed priming (NSP—no seed priming, and SPSi—seed priming with glass microparticles under red light irradiation), soil water replenishment (W50—50%, and W100—100% of crop evapotranspiration—ETc), and temperature change (TC30°—30 °C day/25 °C night and TC40°—40 °C day/35 °C night). Seed priming with glass microparticles under red light irradiation mitigated the effects of thermal and water stress on seedlings of Moringa oleifera seedlings through the homeostasis of gas exchange, leaf water status, osmotic adjustment, and the antioxidant mechanism.
•Silicon glass microparticles (SiMPs) induce tolerance to abiotic stresses.•Seed priming mitigated the effects of water restriction in cowpea plants.•Therefore, plants from seeds subjected to SP ...improve tolerance to water stress.
The northeast region of Brazil presents high variations in solar radiation levels and high air temperatures, impairing the growth and production of cowpea, consequently raising the need for technologies to improve the adaptation of cultivated plants. Therefore, this work aimed to promote the tolerance of cowpea (cultivar BRS Itaim) to water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 through seed conditioning with silicon glass microparticles. The experiment was performed in the field using a completely randomized 6 × 2 factorial scheme design with four replications. Seed priming (SP) consisted of six combinations of water potential (Ψw) and silicon glass microparticles (SiMPs) (T1: Ψw 0 + 0 SiMPs, T2: Ψw 0 + 200 SiMPs, T3: Ψw -0.4 + 0 SiMPs, T4: Ψw -0.4 + 200 SiMPs, T5: Ψw -0.8 + 0 SiMPs, and T6: Ψw -0.8 + 200 SiMPs) and two water replacement levels: plants with water restriction (50 % of water consumption) and without it (100 % of water consumption). Seed priming with silicon glass microparticles and polyethylene glycol 6000 attenuated the deleterious effects of water restriction in cowpea plants through water status homeostasis, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant mechanism.
Exogenous application of proline and silicon could improve drought tolerance mechanisms in cowpea. In this study, we assessed the exogenous application of proline and silicon to reduce drought stress ...in cowpea. For this, we evaluated physiological, biochemical, and growth indicators of “BRS Guariba” cowpea in two phenological stages. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with five treatments, comprising a control treatment and four drought stress treatments—with and without application of proline and silicon in the V5 and V9 phenological stages. Cowpea plants subjected to drought stress—in both V5 and V9 stages—showed increases in proline concentration and activity of antioxidant enzymes, but this behavior failed to mitigate water restriction on growth indicators. However, the exogenous application of proline and silicon, mainly separately, restored leaf water potential, and the increased proline concentration and antioxidant enzymatic activity mitigated drought stress on cowpea growth. Exogenous application of proline plus silicon mitigates drought stress on cowpea in two phenological stages.
Differential rootstock tolerance to Fusarium spp. supports viticulture worldwide. However, how plants stand against the fungus still needs to be explored. We hypothesize it involves a differential ...metabolite modulation. Thus, we performed a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of Paulsen P1103 and BDMG573 rootstocks, co‐cultured with Fusarium oxysporum (FUS) for short, medium, and long time (0, 4, and 8 days after treatment DAT). In shoots, principal component analysis (PCA) showed a complete overlap between BDMG573 non‐co‐cultivated and FUS at 0 DAT, and P1103 treatments showed a slight overlap at both 4 and 8 DAT. In roots, PCA exhibited overlapping between BDMG573 treatments at 0 DAT, while P1103 treatments showed overlapping at 0 and 4 DAT. Further, there is a complete overlapping between BDMG573 and P1103 FUS profiles at 8 DAT. In shoots, 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone at 0 and 4 DAT and maltose at 4 and 8 DAT were biomarkers for BDMG573. For P1103, glyceric acid, proline, and sorbitol stood out at 0, 4, and 8 DAT, respectively. In BDMG573 roots, the biomarkers were β‐alanine at 0 DAT, cellobiose and sorbitol at both 4 and 8 DAT. While in P1103 roots, they were galactose at 0 and 4 DAT and 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone at 8 DAT. Overall, there is an increase in amino acids, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid components in tolerant Paulsen P1103 shoots. Thus, it provides a new perspective on the primary metabolism of grapevine rootstocks to F. oxysporum that may contribute to strategies for genotype tolerance and early disease identification.
