•Jinan area experienced granulite facies metamorphism at ~8.5–7 kbar and 800-760 ℃.•The peak metamorphism occurred at1.87–1.84 Ga along with a clockwise P-T path.•Porphyritic granitoids intruded at ...1.87–1.84 Ga in a post collisional tectonic setting.•The post collisional igneous and metamorphic activities occurred simultaneously after collision.•This study suggests the existence of subduction before collision in the JLJB.
The Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt (JLJB) is a Paleoproterozoic collisional belt between the Longgang Block in the northeastern North China Craton and the Nangrim Massif on the Korean Peninsula. The Jinan area, located in the northeastern JLJB, was intruded by monzogranite at 2151 ± 6 Ma and then intruded again by porphyritic granites at 1842 ± 5 Ma in a postcollisional tectonic setting. The monzogranite and an associated gabbro were metamorphosed into metamonzogranite and metabasite at 1868 ± 11 Ma–1846 ± 3 Ma. Pelitic granulites occur together with the porphyritic granites. The pelitic granulites have peak metamorphic mineral assemblages of garnet + biotite + plagioclase + K-feldspar + sillimanite + quartz + ilmenite and underwent retrograde metamorphism, as evidenced by the presence of cordierite and muscovite. Pseudosection analysis of the granulites yields peak metamorphic conditions of ~8.5–7 kbar and 800–760 °C, and conventional geothermobarometry analysis of garnet rims and adjacent minerals yields retrograde metamorphic conditions of ~5–3.5 kbar and 740–680 °C. Dating of monazite from the two granulites demonstrates that peak metamorphism occurred between 1840 ± 2 Ma and 1847 ± 4 Ma. These results, together with the findings of previous studies, indicate that in the Liaodong and Jinan areas of the JLJB, igneous and metamorphic activities occurred together at ~1.85 Ga in a postcollisional tectonic setting, suggesting that collision between the Longgang Block and the Nangrim Massif occurred before ~1.85 Ga.
The microbiologically influenced corrosion of 201 stainless steel by
was investigated via modulating the concentration of fumarate (electron acceptor) in the medium and constructing mutant strains ...induced by Δ
. The ICP-MS and electrochemical tests showed that the presence of
enhanced the degradation of the passive film; the lack of an electron acceptor further aggravated the effect and mainly affected the early stage of MIC. The electrochemical tests and atomic force microscopy characterization revealed that the ability of Δ
to transfer electrons to the passive film was significantly reduced in the absence of the c-type cytochrome
related to EET progress, leading to the lower corrosion rate of the steel.
Currently, the excessive consumption of fossil fuels is accompanied by massive emissions of CO2, leading to severe energy shortages and intensified global warming. It is of great significance to ...develop and use renewable clean energy while reducing the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Photocatalytic technology is a promising strategy for carbon dioxide conversion. Clearly, the achievement of the above goals largely depends on the design and construction of catalysts. This review is mainly focused on the application of 2D materials for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The contribution of synthetic strategies to their structure and performance is emphasized. Finally, the current challenges, and prospects of 2D materials for photoreduction of CO2 with high efficiency, even for practical applications are discussed. It is hoped that this review can provide some guidance for the rational design, controllable synthesis of 2D materials, and their application for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
A 2D view of photocatalysis: This review discusses 2D materials with excellent performance in photocatalytic CO2 reduction, summarizes existing synthetic strategies, and highlights promising batch preparation strategies. Second, our work summarizes the existing applications and modification strategies of various 2D materials in the field of CO2 emission reduction.
Background
Accumulating evidence shows that microRNAs are aberrantly expressed and exert essential roles in the tumorigenesis and tumor progression of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods
The ...plasma miRNAs from five healthy donors and four NSCLC patients were profiled by miRNA microarray. The differentially expressed miRNAs from 154 primary NSCLC patients and 146 healthy donors were subjected to RNA isolation and verified by quantitative PCR (qPCR).
Results
The miRNA microarray analysis revealed that 40 differential miRNAs between NSCLC patients and healthy donors were selected. We found that the plasma miR‐1247‐5p, miR‐301b‐3p and miR‐105‐5p levels of patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses revealed higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) values and higher sensitivity/specificity of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in combination with miR‐1247‐5p, miR‐301b‐3p, or miR‐105‐5p were superior to that of CEA alone.
Conclusions
High miR‐1247‐5p, miR‐301b‐3p and miR‐105‐5p expression have been demonstrated to accelerate tumorigenesis, and these three miRNAs in plasma act as novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of NSCLC patients.
Key points
Plasma miR‐1247‐5p, miR‐301b‐3p and miR‐105‐5p act as novel biomarkers for early NSCLC and NSCLC.
In summary, our results indicate that miR‐1247‐5p, miR‐301b‐3p, and miR‐105‐5p are candidate biomarkers of NSCLC, which perform even better when combined with CEA levels. These findings also prompted us to hypothesize that the early dysregulation of miR‐1247‐5p, miR‐301b‐3p, and miR‐105‐5p in the NSCLC disease process, and the requirement of only a small amount of plasma, render miR‐1247‐5p, miR‐301b‐3p, and miR‐105‐5p very suitable as early warning biomarkers for NSCLC.
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•Large datasets for tooth-marked tongue recognition are constructed.•The deep CNN in artificial intelligence gain classification accuracy over 90%.•The models can be successfully ...generalized to images with different illuminations.•Isolation of the tongue region can enhance tongue diagnosis performance.
Tongue diagnosis plays a pivotal role in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. As one of the most important tongue characteristics, tooth-marked tongue is related to spleen deficiency and can greatly contribute to the symptoms differentiation and treatment selection. Yet, the tooth-marked tongue recognition for TCM practitioners is subjective and challenging. Most of the previous studies have concentrated on subjectively selected features of the tooth-marked region and gained accuracy under 80%. In the present study, we proposed an artificial intelligence framework using deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for the recognition of tooth-marked tongue. First, we constructed relatively large datasets with 1548 tongue images captured by different equipments. Then, we used ResNet34 CNN architecture to extract features and perform classifications. The overall accuracy of the models was over 90%. Interestingly, the models can be successfully generalized to images captured by other devices with different illuminations. The good effectiveness and generalization of our framework may provide objective and convenient computer-aided tongue diagnostic method on tracking disease progression and evaluating pharmacological effect from a informatics perspective.
To further understand the metamorphic evolution in the southern margin of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt in the Liaodong area, a detailed petrological and geochronological study was performed on ...representative metapelites from the South Liaohe Group. The peak metamorphic stage (M1) of the samples is represented by the mineral assemblage of garnet-biotite-plagioclase-sillimanite-quartz-magnetite in sample DD24-1 and garnet-biotite-plagioclase-ilmenite-quartz in sample DD24–2. The post-peak metamorphic stage (M2) is indicated by the appearance of cordierite with the mineral assemblage of biotite-cordierite-garnet-plagioclase-K feldspar-sillimanite-quartz-magnetite-ilmenite in sample DD24-1. The P-T calculations using pseudosections and conventional geothermobarometry imply that the M1, M2 and final retrograde stage (M3) metamorphisms occurred at 865–890 °C and 6.9–9.2 kbar, 840–860 °C and 5.3–6.2 kbar, and 570–670 °C and 3.3–4 kbar, respectively. The zircon SHRIMP U–Pb age data show that M1 metamorphism occurred 1867 ± 11 Ma and 1866 ± 8 Ma for samples DD24-1 and DD24–2, respectively. Together with previous studies, this study confirms that a low-P/T type granulite facies regional metamorphic event with a clockwise P-T path occurred in the South Liaohe and the Ji'an groups during 1.87–1.84 Ga. Together with the simultaneous postcollisional igneous activity in the South Liaohe and Ji'an groups, the low-P/T type metamorphism indicates that postcollisional activity occurred in the South Liaohe and Ji'an groups during 1.87–1.84 Ga due to slab break off after the collision. Combined with the prevailing postcollisional activity in the Nangrim Massif on the Korean Peninsula, this study suggests that the Longgang Block in the North China Craton subducted under the Nangrim Massif on the Korean Peninsula.
•The southern margin of South Liaohe Group experienced low-P/T type metamorphism.•The low-P/T type metamorphism occurred at ~1.87 Ga with a clockwise P-T path.•The peak metamorphic conditions are 860–890 °C and 6.9–9.2 kbar.•The low-P/T type metamorphism occurred in the postcollisional tectonic setting.•The Longgang Block was subducted under the Nangrim Massif before collision.
Denitrification plays a dominant role in the removal of reactive inorganic nitrogen species in different ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the activity, abundance, and community composition ...of nirS-encoding denitrifying bacteria from sediments of Jiaozhou Bay (JZB). The rates of denitrification, measured by 15N amendment and incubation experiments, varied from 0.18 to 9.97 nmol N g−1 h−1 and contributed to 81.45–99.93% of the total N2 production, while the estimated flux of nitrogen removal was about 5.66 × 104 t N y−1 in surface sediments. Additionally, the abundance of nirS gene ranged from 5.20 × 105 to 3.01 × 108 copies per gram. High-throughput sequencing technique was used to target the nirS gene, which revealed 19 dominant OTUs at 93% similarity that were assigned to 7 clusters. Cluster 2 was mainly affiliated to Thiothrix, while Cluster 4 was mainly affiliated to Woeseia and the other clusters were similar to uncultured denitrifiers obtained from sediments of several coastal estuaries and bays. NH4+ and NO3− contents were identified as the two main factors affecting community composition and distribution of denitrifiers among the surface sediments of JZB. Overall, our results showed that the community of nirS-type denitrifying bacteria had a diverse composition and could highly contribute to nitrogen loss in eutrophic systems.
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•Diverse nirS-type denitrifying bacteria were detected in surface sediments of Jiaozhou Bay.•The potential rates of denitrification were measured by 15N incubation experiments, with a range of 0.18–9.97 nmol N g−1 h−1.•The flux of nitrogen loss by denitrification was estimated approximately at 5.66 × 104 t N y−1 in the sediments of Jiaozhou Bay.•NH4+ and NO3− affected the community composition and distribution of denitrifier in surface sediments of Jiaozhou Bay.
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•Five LCC products are validated and intercompared in China over seven plant functional types.•Among these products, MODIS LCC and MuSyQ LCC demonstrated high overall spatial ...consistency over China in 2019.•The findings are crucial for improving LCC retrieval algorithms and enhancing the use of LCC products in land surface models.•MuSyQ LCC showed the highest accuracy in China over crop and grass types.
Leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) is crucial in plant physiology and ecological research. Although several LCC products have recently been generated at a regional or global scale, understanding their accuracy is still a concern in the scientific community. We intercompared and analyzed five existing LCC products (MuSyQ LCC, MODIS LCC, MERIS LCC, GLCC, and GLOBMAP MERIS LCC) over China in terms of spatial continuity and spatiotemporal consistency over seven plant functional types. The products of 2011 and 2019 over China were used in this study. Research findings indicate (1) the 30 m-resolution MuSyQ LCC has the highest accuracy compared to field LCC of cropland and grassland types, with an RMSE of 19.5 μg/cm2, while MODIS LCC product demonstrates a more robust fit to the measured LCC, with an R2 of 0.341. (2) Interpolation of products with lower spatial resolution e.g. MODIS LCC, MERIS LCC, and GLOBMAP MERIS LCC, generally improves spatial continuity. The non-interpolated 30 m MuSyQ LCC exhibits good regional continuity due to its high spatial resolution. The lowest spatial continuity is found over shrubs for all products. (3) MODIS LCC and MuSyQ LCC of 2019 demonstrate high overall spatial consistency and exhibit the highest correlation over cropland sites. MODIS LCC and GLOBMAP MERIS LCC of 2011 demonstrate high temporal consistency over deciduous forests, evergreen forests, grasslands, and shrubs sites. The most robust overall temporal consistency is exhibited among all products in the deciduous needleleaved forest, followed by evergreen needleleaved forest and grassland. The findings of this research are essential for improving leaf chlorophyll content inversion algorithms and for understanding and better use of LCC products in land surface models.
Non-functional pituitary adenoma (NFPA) seriously affects hypothanamus-pituitary-target organ axis system, with a series of molecule alterations in the multiple levels of genome, transcriptome, ...proteome, and post-translational modifications, and those molecules mutually interact in a molecular-network system. Meta analysis coupled with IPA pathway-network program was used to comprehensively analyze nine sets of documented NFPA omics data, including NFPA quantitative transcriptomics data 280 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), NFPA quantitative proteomics data 50 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), NFPA mapping protein data (218 proteins), NFPA mapping protein nitration data (9 nitroproteins and 3 non-nitrated proteins), invasive NFPA quantitative transriptomics data (346 DEGs), invasive NFPA quantitative proteomics data (57 DEPs), control mapping protein data (1469 proteins), control mapping protein nitration data (8 nitroproteins), and control mapping phosphorylation data (28 phosphoproteins). A total of 62 molecular-networks with 861 hub-molecules and 519 canonical-pathways including 54 cancer-related canonical pathways were revealed. A total of 42 hub-molecule panels and 9 canonical-pathway panels were identified to significantly associate with tumorigenesis. Four important molecular-network systems, including PI3K/AKT, mTOR, Wnt, and ERK/MAPK pathway-systems, were confirmed in NFPAs by PTMScan experiments with altered expression-patterns and phosphorylations. Nineteen high-frequency hub-molecules were also validated in NFPAs with PTMScan experiment with at least 2.5-fold changes in expression or phosphorylation, including ERK, ERK1/2, Jnk, MAPK, Mek, p38 MAPK, AKT, PI3K complex, p85, PKC, FAK, Rac, Shc, HSP90, NFκB Complex, histone H3, AP1, calmodulin, and PLC. Furthermore, mTOR and Wnt pathway-systems were confirmed in NFPAs by immunoaffinity Western blot analysis, with significantly decreased expression of PRAS40 and increased phosphorylation levels of p-PRAS40 (Thr246) in mTOR pathway in NFPAs compared to controls, and with the decreased protein expressions of GSK-3β and GSK-3β, significantly increased phosphorylation levels of p-GSK3α (Ser21) and p-GSK3β (Ser9), and increased expression level of β-catenin in Wnt pathway in NFPAs compared to controls. Those findings provided a comphrensive and large-scale pathway network data for NFPAs, and offer the scientific evidence for insights into the accurate molecular mechanisms of NFPA and discovery of the effective biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of therapeutic targets.
Determining the petrogenesis and tectonic environment of the 2.18–2.14 Ga Liaoji granites is important to understand the Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Liao-Ji belt in the North China ...Craton. The Muniuhe granitic pluton is one representative of the Liaoji granites; it is located in the northwestern part of the Liao-Ji belt and is composed of syenogranite and granodiorite that intruded at ~2.18 Ga and were metamorphosed at ~1.88 Ga. Geochemically, the Muniuhe granitic pluton shows a magnesian and weakly peraluminous character, with low REEs, 10,000 × Ga/Al and Zr + Nb + Ce + Y values, and negative Nb and Ta anomalies, typical of arc-related I-type granite. It was formed by partial melting of Archean crustal material at low temperatures in oxygenated and hydrous conditions and then underwent crystallization differentiation of feldspar.
The results of this study, together with those of previous studies investigating the Liaoji granites, indicate that the formation of the 2.18–2.14 Ga Liaoji granites (including the Muniuhe granitic pluton) can be subdivided into three stages: 1) the formation of ~2.18 Ga granites with A2-type characteristics (the Mafeng-Longchang, Jiguanshan, and Laoheishan-Yongdian granitic plutons), and ~2.18 Ga granites with arc-related I-type characteristics (the Muniuhe granitic pluton) in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the Liao-Ji belt; 2) the formation of ~2.16 Ga granites with arc-related I- and A2-type characteristics (Hupiyu-Hadabei, Simenzi-Gujiabao, and Qianzhuogou granitic plutons) in the central part with a NE-trending distribution; and 3) the formation of ~2.14 Ga granites (the Dafangshen granitic pluton) with A2-type characteristics in the central part. The intrusion ages show a trend to become younger from the margins to the center and the geochemical characteristics of these plutons indicate that they formed during the extension of a back-arc basin related to partial melting of the Archean continental crust. Together with the Liaohe Group and 2.13–2.11 Ga mafic intrusions, the Liaoji granites indicate that the existence of a back-arc basin extension during 2.18–2.11 Ga in the Liao-Ji belt.
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•2.18–2.14 Ga Liaoji granites in the North China Craton comprise three episodes.•In addition to A2-type, I-type granite is identified and both are arc-related.•Spatio-temporal magmatic migration implies a back-arc along the craton margin.
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