Effects of cotreatment with
(UD) methanolic leaf extract on gentamicin (GM)-induced acute kidney injury were evaluated in rats.
Male Wistar rats (n=32) were separated into four groups. Gentamicin ...(100 mg/kg/day, IP) was injected for eight days with or without UD methanolic extract (200 mg/kg/day, gavage). The renal blood flow (RBF) and systolic blood pressure of rats were recorded. Concentration of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), sodium, and potassium and osmolarity were measured in the urine and plasma samples. Oxidative stress level was determined by assessment of the levels of antioxidant power (FRAP) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the renal tissue. The renal injury and histopathological changes in the kidney were determined by microscopic evaluations.
Administration of UD extract along with GM, compared to GM group, significantly decreased the amounts of plasma creatinine and BUN, urinary sodium excretion, fractional excretion of sodium and potassium, and MDA levels but significantly increased creatinine clearance, urine osmolarity, renal blood flow and FRAP levels.
The cotreatment of UD extract can attenuate renal injury of GM by reduction of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and oxygen free radicals. The potential nephroprotective effects of UD extract are probably mediated via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
Hormonal change in carbohydrate metabolism through the circadian rhythm is well known. An impaired nocturnal insulin secretion and lower level melatonin coexist in diabetics at the end of the night ...period. Administration of melatonin may improve impaired insulin secretion and control hyperglycemia. In a randomized, double-blind study, 64 type 2 tics were treated for 12 weeks (period 1) with placebo, and then for another 12 weeks (period 2) with 6 mg of melatonin. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) were measured at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. Following 3 months of melatonin treatment, mean HbA1c (±standard error) was significantly lower than at baseline (7.65 % ± 0.086 % versus 7.1 % ± 0.111 %, respectively,
P
= 0.0001). The mean FBG level was significantly decreased at the end of the study (164 ± 5.4 versus 157 ± 5.5, respectively,
P
< 0.001). The HDL cholesterol level increased at the end of the study (42 ± 1.3 versus 45 ± 1.39, respectively,
P
< 0.05) but no significant changes in TG, CHOL, and LDL were observed. Results showed that bed time melatonin administration in patients with type 2 diabetes, improved control of diabetes. Trial registration: IRCT2012062610115N1,
http://en.search.irct.ir/search?query=melatonin+and+rezvanfar
Abstract Background Incomplete repair of the dura mater may result in numerous complications such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and meningitis. For this reason, accurate repair of the dura ...mater is essential. In this study, the effect of systemic and local supplementation of L- arginine on dural healing was evaluated. Method 30 male Wistar rats were utilized and divided into control, local and systemic L-arginine groups with ten rats in each. In each group, a 5 mm experimental incision was performed at the lumbar segment of the dura mater and CSF leakage was induced. Each group was divided into two subgroups and at the end of the first and sixth weeks, the subjects were sacrificed and damaged segment of the dura were separated, histologically evaluated, and the dural healing indicators including cell types, granulation tissue formation, collagen deposit and vascularization have been compared between groups. Results The systematic supplementation of L- arginine represented a significant effect in dural healing compared to control group. After first week, granulation formation increased considerably (p <0.031), and after six week collagen deposition and neovascularization represented a significant difference compared to control group (p <0.030, p <0.009). In comparison between different groups at the end of the first and sixth weeks, maximum changes in healing indicators were observed in systemic group and the least variations were related to the control group. Conclusion The systemic supplementation of L- arginine may accelerate dural healing by increasing the level of granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition and vascularization.
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health concern with over 6.5 million cases and 390,000 deaths around the world. This research aimed to find an association between ...computed tomography (CT) scores and clinical and laboratory findings to estimate the extent of lung infection in patients with COVID-19. The study sample enrolled 129 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from January to February 2020. The chest CT images and clinical data were reviewed, images were segmented and scored by the degree of involvement from 0 to 4, and the relationship between them and clinical and laboratory findings were analyzed statistically. This study included 74 men and 59 women with a mean age of 55.08 years. Different abnormalities were observed; the mean CT score was 8.52 (7.83 to 9.21) and the most frequent lesions were GGO and consolidation. Our results revealed significant differences between groups categorized by dyspnea, sore throat, and low oxygen saturation concerning CT scores. There was also a significant correlation between CT scores and WBC counts and CRP levels (P<0.05). The evidence from this study implies that clinical and laboratory data, such as CRP, dyspnea, lymphopenia, and symptom onset closely correspond to chest CT scores and may be employed as initial tools to estimate the extent of lung involvement in COVID-19 patients.
Gastric cancer is the second most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide, despite dif- ferences in incidence around the world. The majority of gastric cancer cases concern gastric adenocarcinoma, ...which has a fairly high 5-year survival rate when coupled with early-stage diagnosis. Versican, a member of the aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans family, is accumulated predominantly in the tumor stroma. The aim of our study was to investigate versican expression in gastric adenocarcinoma.
In this study we investigated 80 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent gastrectomy. Each sample was obtained from paraffin-embedded resected specimens of the stomach after histopathological diagnosis. Patient follow-up was performed every 3 months after the beginning of data collection. Survival analysis was calcu- lated using the Kaplan-Meier method for univariate analysis.
Out of 80 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 76 cases (76.3%males and 23.7% females) completed the follow-up period. Positive versican expression in tumor epithelial and stromal cells was found in 39.5% and 22.4% of tumors, respectively. Shorter survival was observed among patients whose gastric adenocarcinoma expressed epithelial or stromal versican.
In summary, the present study suggests that versican is likely a prognostic biomarker that predicts a poor outcome in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
Overweight and obesity are increasing problems in many countries and are related to multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Although imaging techniques can determine total body fat and its distribution ...reliably, anthropometric measurements remain important in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between some anthropometric measurements and dyslipidemia as an important cardiovascular risk factor in Iranian population. A total of 750 subjects (580 females and 170 males) were selected by multistage random sampling from residents of Arak (Iran) and related villages in 2005. None of them had any significant past medical history. Body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), and waist to height ratio(W/Ht) of subjects were measured to identify their relationship with their lipid profile including total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), and the ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol(TC/HDL-C). Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was also measured. WC and W/Ht showed greater correlation with TC, TG, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C level than did BMI. Among lipid profile, TG showed the closest correlation with W/Ht (r=0.309, p<0.001) and WC (r=0.308, p<0.001). HDL-C level did not show any statistical relationship with W/Ht, but it was weakly correlated with WC (r=-0.088, p<0.05). None of the indices showed any association with FBS level. It can be concluded that W/Ht and WC can best predict dyslipidemia in an Iranian adult population. We suggest using both W/Ht and WC as inexpensive and easy methods in clinical and epidemiological fields.
Direct biosorption of triglyceride from blood serum using cinnamon powder.
Display omitted
•Cinnamon is introduced as a potential triglyceride-reducer in direct contact with blood serum.•Optimal ...adsorption conditions were determined using central composite design algorithm.•Pseudo-second order model could well describe the triglyceride adsorption kinetic.•Equilibrium adsorption was in good agreement with Langmuir and D-R isotherm models.•Triglyceride adsorption on cinnamon was physical and endothermic.
Batch adsorption of triglyceride (TG) from the human blood serum was investigated using cinnamon as a novel serum-contact biosorbent. Important factors affecting the adsorption including; temperature, contact time, stirring rate, adsorbent dose and, particle size were investigated through optimization using central composite design methodology. SEM and FTIR analyses were employed to characterize the adsorbent. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevitch isotherm models were employed to study the adsorption equilibria and the Langmuir and D-R models showed better agreement with the experimental data. The maximal TG adsorption and removal percentage values were determined as 18.12 mg/g and 75.16%, respectively. The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intra-particle diffusion, and Elovich models were used to describe the adsorption kinetic and the pseudo-second order model better represented the data. Gibbs free energy and enthalpy changes were determined as -22.64 and 20.21 kJ/mol, respectively. Optimization results demonstrated that the optimal conditions for the adsorption were the adsorbent dose of 0.94 g, milling time of 9.19 min, stirring rate of 255 rpm, temperature of 23.41 °C and, contact time of 35 min which resulted in the optimal TG removal (88.2%). Based on the results, cinnamon is an efficient triglyceride reducer for possible application in extracorporeal blood perfusion.
Background: Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality rate of all cancers worldwide. In Iran, it is one of the commonly diagnosed malignancies, and its frequency is increasing rapidly. ...Genetic variants in DNA repair genes are linked to differences in efficiency of repairing DNA damage, which can influence lung cancer susceptibility. EXO1 is a key gene involved in the mismatch repair pathway. The K589E polymorphism in EXO1 may alter the DNA repair activity of the encoded protein and impact lung cancer risk. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the K589E polymorphism in EXO1 and lung cancer risk in the Iranian population, and evaluate its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Methods: This case-control study was conducted to investigate EXO1 K589E variant with susceptibility to lung malignancy in the Iranian population. One hundred patients with lung cancer as a patient group and 100 healthy individuals from Khansari Hospital located in Markazi province were studied, from January 2020 to May 2022. DNA extraction from blood samples of participants was done using a kit. Genotype determination of both patient and control groups was done using PCR-RFLP technique. Finally, statistical results were analyzed using SPSS software and the logistic regression method. Results: Genotype and allele frequency analysis showed the AA genotype (P=0.004, OR=5.391, 95% CI: 1.690-17.200) and A allele (P=0.010, OR=2.851, 95% CI: 1.291-6.300) were correlated with susceptibility to lung cancer. On the other hand, people carrying the G variant allele had a lower risk of lung cancer. Conclusion: In summary, this study found the AA genotype and A allele of K589E in EXO1 are correlated with risk of lung cancer in Iranians, while the G allele has protective effects. The K589E polymorphism may serve as a prognostic biomarker for lung cancer susceptibility, but more studies with high population size are required.
The presence of metastatic lymph nodes is the most important prognostic factor for gastric carcinoma; however, the optimal system for the accurate staging of lymph node metastasis for patients with ...gastric cancer remains controversial. This study was designed to compare five systems in relation to the N classification of gastric carcinoma.
This multicentric historical cohort study was conducted on 148 patients with M0 gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent gastrectomy in, five referral hospitals in Iran. Lymph nodes were sectioned, stained with hematoxyl in and eosin. The lymph node status was classified according to the five systems which are: The number of involved lymph nodes (TNM staging), metastatic lymph node ratio (N ratio), and the largest involved lymph node size, largest metastatic nest size and largest metastatic nest to lymph node size ratio.
Patients were classified into significant prognostic groups by the five N classification method including the TNM method, N ratio (0, ≤0.15, 0.15-0.4, >0.4), largest involved lymph node size (0, ≤5, 5-11, >11 mm), Largest metastatic nest size (≤1, 1-7.5, >7.5 mm) and largest metastatic nest to lymph node size ratio (≤0.3, 0.3-0.9, >0.9). All of the above systems remained as independently significant prognostic factors in terms of overall and disease free survival time.
Among the N staging systems we recommend the metastatic lymph node ratio and largest metastatic nest to lymph node size systems, since they are reproducible, simple, have good survival applicability, have prognostic value and include less stage migration especially in patients whom fewer than 15 lymph nodes are dissected.
Display omitted
•Thyme is an effective biosorbent to reduce the blood serum cholesterol.•The intraparticle diffusion model well fits the adsorption kinetic data.•The Langmuir isotherm model is in the ...best agreement with the equilibrium adsorption data.•Hydroxyl groups play an important role in cholesterol adsorption through H-bonding.•Coarse Thyme powder shows higher adsorption capacity compared to the milled powder.
In-vitro batch adsorption of cholesterol from human blood serum was investigated using Thymus vulgaris L. (Thyme) as a biocompatible adsorbent. X-Ray Diffraction technique (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were selected to characterize the biosorbent. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models were employed to study the adsorption kinetic with the intraparticle diffusion and pseudo-second order models providing superior fits. Kinetic results also showed that the time required for the equilibrium was around 2 h. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms were also applied to investigate the adsorption equilibria at ambient temperature. The Langmuir model provided superior agreement with the equilibrium data and the adsorption capacity was around 84.74 mg/g. The results showed that the cholesterol removal increased from 30% to 50% with increased adsorbent mass from 0.01 to 0.1 g; meanwhile, removal did not noticeably vary (∼7%) with further adsorbent dose increase from 0.1 to 0.2 g. The coarse Thyme powder indicated higher cholesterol removal (46%) compared to the milled (38%), due to aggregation of the latter in the serum environment. Based on the results, Thymus is an effective biosorbent for application in extracorporeal serum perfusion.
PDF
