The purpose of this study is to prepare and evaluate the effect of synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles for their biocompatibility on physiological body fluids and the effect of cell ...toxicity to produce osteointegration when used as implantable materials. For the past few decades, the number of researches done to understand the importance of the biocompatibility of bioceramics, metals, and polymers and their effect on clinical settings of biomedical devices has increased. Hence, the total concept of biocompatibility encourages researchers to actively engage in the investigation of the most compatible materials in living systems by analyzing them using suitable physical, chemical, and biological (bioassay) methods. The ceramic material nano TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method and analyzed for its functional group and phase formation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the particle size, shape, surface topography, and morphological behavior were analyzed by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. In addition to this, the cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility were determined on MG63 cell lines with varying doses of concentrations such as 1 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, and 100 µg/mL with different time periods such as 24 hours and 48 hours. The results have not shown any toxicity, whereas, it improved the cell viability/proliferation at various concentrations. Hence, these findings indicate that the nano TiO2 material acts as a good implantable material when used in the biomedical field as a prime surface-modifying agent.
•ZrO2/TiO2, SiO2/TiO2, and SiO2/ZrO2 composite coatings were deposited on Ti–6Al–4V by cost-effective EPD.•ZrO2/TiO2 composite coatings have shown higher order of corrosion resistance behavior than ...other composites.•Well adherent and strong coating estimated by traction force analysis indicates the pronounced effect of ZrO2/TiO2 composite.
Synthesized composite powders (ZrO2/TiO2, SiO2/TiO2, and SiO2/ZrO2) were successfully deposited on Ti–6Al–4V by electrophoretic deposition method (EPD) to improve its electrochemical characteristics for better biomedical applications. In the present investigation, the three composite powders were prepared by sol–gel synthesis and its phase purity was analyzed by Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Further, the performance of the deposited coatings was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), scratch resistance test. The electrochemical properties of the composite coatings were analyzed by Potentiodynamic (Tafel) polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. From the results, we observed that the corrosion resistance behavior of the different composite coated metallic substrate exhibited divergent corrosion resistance nature than blank Ti–6Al–4V. Of all these coatings on Ti–6Al–4V, the composite made up of, ZrO2/TiO2 has pronounced corrosion resistance behavior in Ringer’s solution when compared to others. This behavior is due to the presence of strong adherent coating owing to the existence of uniform deposition on Ti–6Al–4V.
Cardamom thrips (Sciothrips cardamomi) is a major insect pest of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) causing severe economic losses to the crop in all cardamom producing countries. The present control ...measures rely heavily on chemical insecticides, which in addition to increased input costs also lead to pesticide residues in the produce and environmental hazards. Although the crop is of high commercial value, limited efforts have been made to identify sources of resistance to this major pest. Exploiting sources of resistance along with integrated pest management tactics will help to reduce pesticide usage in this crop promoting sustainable production. The present study aimed at identifying sources of resistance against cardamom thrips and the associated plant morphological traits conferring resistance against the pest. Field screening of 180 cardamom germplasm accessions for 3 years at Appangala, Karnataka, India, resulted in identification of eight accessions resistant to cardamom thrips. Differences in panicle type and the nature of adherence of leaf sheath to the pseudostem explained a significant amount of the variance in resistance and therefore are likely to play a major role in conferring resistance against this pest. Multiple regression analysis of the different traits indicated that accessions with prostrate panicles having leaf sheath loosely adhered to the pseudostems were found to have significantly less thrips damage, when compared with other panicle and leaf sheath types. However, persistence of flower bract did not have a significant additive effect on imparting resistance against thrips. Metabolomic analysis of the accessions may provide further insight into the existence of supplementary biochemical mechanisms, if any, in imparting resistance. The identified traits and accessions can be exploited in future breeding programmes for developing thrips resistant cardamom varieties.
Novel bioceramics have an intriguing role in implants and prostheses as surface protecting agents. These bioceramics have promising features such as biocompatible, bioactive, and corrosion-resistant ...natures. Among bioceramics, silica glass and its composite unravel its better desirability against corrosion and wear with interfacial bone bonding capability in physiological systems by nucleating calcium phosphates over the surface, thereby enhancing the osteoinductive property. In the current study, SiO2 and ZnO were obtained by processing silica and zinc oxide precursors at low temperature using low thermal volatilization sol-gel method. SiO2, ZnO, and its composite powders were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was used for coating on Ti-6Al-4V for improved coating characteristics. In addition, the effect of additives such as iodine and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on coating limits was also optimized. Thin-film XRD, Optical Microscopy, SEM-EDAX, Raman spectroscopy, and the scratch resistance test characterized the coating. Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies were also carried out to assess corrosion resistance behaviour of the coating. The results showed that the composite coating has greater corrosion resistance than uncoated Ti-6Al-4V. Furthermore, improved mechanical property with better scratch resistance was also observed. These observations showed that composite coating could be useful in biomedical applications.
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•Pure SiO2 and its composite with ZnO were coated on Ti-6Al-4V by EPD using PVP-K30, iodine as additives.•ZnO, an antibacterial, lubricating material acted as a pore plugging for porous SiO2 coating.•10mg of iodine in the composite has produced more corrosion resistance with enhanced adhesion than SiO2 coating.
With the advancement in knowledge of innate immune functioning, toll-like receptors (TLRs) have emerged as potential adjuvant candidates. TLRs are one of the types of pattern recognition receptors ...(PRRs) that sense conserved signature molecules on invading pathogens. Detection of the pathogens via TLRs alerts the immune system of the host and helps in mounting a quick immune response against the invading pathogens. This property of TLR ligands may be exploited for the development of effective prophylactic agents against infectious chicken diseases. In this review the immunostimulatory effects of various TLRs will be discussed as well as their use as adjuvants in combination.
In the past few years, magnetic nano-particles (magnetite) have captured more attention in the field of biomaterial world.Various methods have been adopted for its synthesis,of which a simple, low ...temperature co-precipitation method was selected and adopted.Synthesized iron oxide magnetic nano-particles encounter limitations such as insolubility, aggregation, high reactivity and biodegradation in biological medium. To enhance the magnetic properties with various limitations, functionalization or encapsulation within the shell by way of surface coating has been recently appreciated by medical scientists. Functionalization or coating by silica has more and easily carried out by sol-gel technique. The encapsulated, core magnetite nano-particles are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Hydrodynamic size and compressive strength. The tweaking results from the above various characterization techniques revealed the formation of well-resolved peak intensity with appealing microstructures and particle size distribution with better compressive strength values. On the basis of these observations, we envision that the iron oxide/silica core-shell magnetic nano-particles is an intersting biomaterial for orthopedical applications.
The purpose of this study is to synthesize and characterize nanosized titania (TiO
2
), zinc oxide (ZnO), and its composite coating on Ti-6Al-4V to enhance its corrosion protection behavior in ...Ringer's solution. Nanosized powders of TiO
2
and ZnO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive atomic spectroscopy (SEM-EDAX) analysis. As a result of antibacterial activity, both ZnO and TiO
2
/ZnO have produce remarkable inhibition zone on Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity of composites are due to the combined effect of ZnO on TiO
2
. The adherence and surface uniformity of TiO
2
/ZnO composite film on titanium implant was examined by optical microscopy and Vickers microhardness test. Corrosion resistant behavior of the coating on titanium implant was investigated by tafel polarization and impedance analysis. The composite coatings on Ti-6Al-4V have produced improved corrosion resistance with a pronounced shift in the anodic corrosion potential (E
corr
) with a corresponding less corrosion current density (I
corr
) compared to monophase coating. Similar results have been obtained for impedance analysis which indicated a reduction in double layer capacitance (C
dl
) and with enhancement in charge transfer resistance (R
ct
). These observations suggest improved corrosion resistance property of TiO
2
/ZnO composite coating on Ti-6Al-4V.
The problem of a planar rigid body, with unknown rotational inertia and an unknown input nonlinearity, tracking a desired angular velocity trajectory is addressed using adaptive feedback control. ...First, an adaptive controller is developed for tracking a desired angular velocity command, assuming linearly entering control. Sufficient conditions on the command signal for estimating the inertia are given. To account for an unknown input nonlinearity, a piecewise-linear approximation of the nonlinearity is inverted to obtain improved angular velocity tracking and inertia identification. Finally, a direct adaptive algorithm, incorporating feedback linearization is proposed, and Lyapunov analysis is used to show convergence of the angular velocity and inertia estimate errors. The approach is validated by experimental implementation.
The purpose of this study is to prepare and evaluate the effect of synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) nanoparticles for their biocompatibility on physiological body fluids and the effect of cell ...toxicity to produce osteointegration when used as implantable materials. For the past few decades, the number of researches done to understand the importance of the biocompatibility of bioceramics, metals, and polymers and their effect on clinical settings of biomedical devices has increased. Hence, the total concept of biocompatibility encourages researchers to actively engage in the investigation of the most compatible materials in living systems by analyzing them using suitable physical, chemical, and biological (bioassay) methods. The ceramic material nano TiO
2
was prepared by sol-gel method and analyzed for its functional group and phase formation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the particle size, shape, surface topography, and morphological behavior were analyzed by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. In addition to this, the cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility were determined on MG63 cell lines with varying doses of concentrations such as 1 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, and 100 µg/mL with different time periods such as 24 hours and 48 hours. The results have not shown any toxicity, whereas, it improved the cell viability/proliferation at various concentrations. Hence, these findings indicate that the nano TiO
2
material acts as a good implantable material when used in the biomedical field as a prime surface-modifying agent.
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has tremendous applications in orthopaedics and dentistry fields due to its enhanced biocompatibility and bioactivity. In the present investigation, ethanol-based HAP ...nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared by sol-gel method using calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and triethyl phosphite, without using any additives or chelating agents. The sol-gel-derived HAP NPs were characterised using FT-IR, XRD, TGA-DTA, SEM-EDAX, ICP-OES and TEM analyses. In vitro cytocompatibility assessment of different concentrations of HAP NPs (200-1000 μg/ml) was performed using cultured NIH-3T3 fibroblast cell for 24-48 h. The results indicated that HAP NPs did not have any cytotoxic effects on NIH-3T3 cells. Further to this study, sol-gel-derived HAP sol was coated as triple layers on the Ti-6Al-4V by spin coating technique and the developed coatings were characterised by SEM-EDAX to determine the surface uniformity, chemical composition and thickness. The surface wettability of the coatings was observed by contact angle measurements. In vitro corrosion test was carried out in SBF solution and confirms that triple layer HAP coatings derived at 3000 RPM and sintered at 500 °C for 2 h exhibit higher corrosion resistance behaviour. This in vitro corrosion study predicts the suitability of the coatings for its long-term applications in medical field. In vitro cytocompatible study proves that HAP coatings on Ti-6Al-4V play a significant role in the enhancement of cell viability with prominent cellular response.
Graphical abstract for the sol-gel derived hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and its coatings on Ti-6Al-4V implants.
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