•The lattice mismatch and strain engineering are discussed in VAN.•Interfacial couplings are investigated in the vertical direction.•The enhanced and tunable functionalities have been achieved and ...reviewed.•Future directions and outlook for this field are proposed.
Very recently, vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) thin films have served as an intriguing platform to obtain significant insights of the fundamental physics and achieve novel functionalities for potential technological applications. In this review article, we have investigated the lattice mismatch and vertical interfacial coupling in representative VAN systems for probing strain engineering in the vertical direction. Systematic studies of ferroelectricity, low field magnetoresistance and magnetoelectric coupling in VAN architectures have been reviewed and compared. The enhancement and tunability of the physical properties are attributed to the effective strain-, phase- and interface- couplings in VAN films. In the end, important and promising research directions in this field are proposed, including understanding the growth mechanisms of VAN structures, and creating more effective couplings for enhanced functionalities and ultimate device applications.
N-α-acetyltransferase D (NatD) mediates N-α-terminal acetylation (Nt-acetylation) of histone H4 known to be involved in cell growth. Here we report that NatD promotes the migratory and invasive ...capabilities of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Depletion of NatD suppresses the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung cancer cells by directly repressing the expression of transcription factor Slug, a key regulator of EMT. We found that Nt-acetylation of histone H4 antagonizes histone H4 serine 1 phosphorylation (H4S1ph), and that downregulation of Nt-acetylation of histone H4 facilitates CK2α binding to histone H4 in lung cancer cells, resulting in increased H4S1ph and epigenetic reprogramming to suppress Slug transcription to inhibit EMT. Importantly, NatD is commonly upregulated in primary human lung cancer tissues where its expression level correlates with Slug expression, enhanced invasiveness, and poor clinical outcomes. These findings indicate that NatD is a crucial epigenetic modulator of cell invasion during lung cancer progression.NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.
Because of limited information of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs), the objective aimed to describe clinical parameters, management and treatment results of SLCTs.
We retrospectively reviewed 15 ...cases with SLCTs, who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between 2009 and 2020. Data of clinical parameters and treatment was studied.
The age ranged 25-69 years. Elevated testosterone was observed in 4 patients. FIGO-stage: 14 were at Ia(10 moderately differentiated, 3 poorly differentiated, 5 retiform pattern).1 was at Ic. Patients with retiform pattern were more likely to exhibit endocrine function (p = 0.019, w = 0.61) and tumor diameter was significantly bigger in no endocrine function (p = 0.012, d = 1.52). All patients received surgical treatment. 8 received postoperative chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 66 months (20-112 months). 1 patient relapsed within 36 months and received cytoreductive surgery. She survived without disease after recurrence treatment. Of 5 patients who performed fertility sparing surgeries with the desire of childbirth, 3 had full-term pregnancy and 1 experienced a miscarriage. Another one has not tried to conceive.
The prognosis of SLCTs is good. Our data showed patients with retiform pattern were more likely to exhibit endocrine function. The diameter of tumor was significantly bigger in no endocrine function. Conservative surgery is the preferred option for patients with the desire of fertility at stage Ia. Postoperative chemotherapy is advised to cases with high-risk factors, but the most effective chemotherapy regimen is still uncertain.
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Tin phosphides are attractive anode materials for ultrafast lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their ultrahigh Li-ion diffusion capability and large theoretical-specific ...capacity. However, difficulties in synthesis and large size enabling electrochemical irreversibility impede their applications. Herein, an in situ catalytic phosphorization strategy is developed to synthesize SnP/CoP hetero-nanocrystals within reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-coated carbon frameworks, in which the SnP relative formation energy is significantly decreased according to density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The optimized hybrids exhibit ultrafast charge/discharge capability (260 mA·h·g−1 at 50 A·g−1) without capacity fading (645 mA·h·g−1 at 2 A·g−1) through 1500 cycles. The lithiation/delithiation mechanism is disclosed, showing that the 4.0 nm sized SnP/CoP nanocrystals possess a very high reversibility and that the previously formed metallic Co of CoP at a relatively high potential accelerates the subsequent reaction kinetics of SnP, hence endowing them with ultrafast charge/discharge capability, which is further verified by the relative dynamic current density distributions according to the finite element analysis.
The ability to control nanoparticle size, concentration, and distribution in epitaxial nanocomposite films has been a formidable challenge in the synthesis of nanostructured composite materials. ...Here, a novel 3D super‐nanocomposite (3D‐sNC) architecture is successfully demonstrated by integrating superlattice and vertically aligned nanocomposite structures. In the 3D‐sNC architecture, the feature size and distribution of the nanocylinders such as the height/lateral dimension and the vertical/lateral spacing of nanocylinders can be precisely controlled. The microstructure parameters such as nanocylinder height and spacing modulated interfacial area control the lattice strain, which further tunes the magnetotransport property. These results demonstrate that 3D‐sNC is a simple and yet effective architecture to achieve controlled functionalities via the precise control of nanocylinder size, spacing, concentration, and distribution. Such a 3D‐sNC structure can be used to design advanced nanostructures with desired physical properties for a variety of material systems.
A 3D super‐nanocomposite is achieved by incorporating vertically aligned nanocomposites into a multilayer/superlattice architecture. The dimension and vertical/lateral spacings of nanocylinders can be precisely controlled. The controlled microstructure provides a unique pathway to design lattice strain as well as desired functional properties.
We utilize polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) in consort with
ab initio
based density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study magnetoelectric coupling at the interface of a ferroelectric ...PbZr
0.2
Ti
0.8
O
3
(PZT) and magnetic La
0.67
Sr
0.33
MnO
3
(LSMO) heterostructure grown on a Nb-doped SrTiO
3
(001) substrate. Functional device working conditions are mimicked by gating the heterostructure with a Pt top electrode to apply an external electric field, which alters the magnitude and switches the direction of the ferroelectric (FE) polarization, across the PZT layer. PNR results show that the gated PZT/LSMO exhibits interfacial magnetic phase modulation attributed to ferromagnetic (FM) to A-antiferromagnetic (A-AF) phase transitions resulting from hole accumulation. When the net FE polarization points towards the interface (positive), the interface doesn't undergo a magnetic phase transition and retains its global FM ordered state. In addition to changes in the interfacial magnetic ordering, the global magnetization of LSMO increases while switching the polarization from positive to negative and decreases
vice versa
. DFT calculations indicate that this enhanced magnetization also correlates with an out of plane tensile strain, whereas the suppressed magnetization for positive polarization is attributed to out of plane compressive strain. These calculations also show the coexistence of FM and A-AF phases at zero out of plane strain. Charge modulations throughout the LSMO layer appear to be unaffected by strain, suggesting that these charge mediated effects do not significantly change the global magnetization. Our PNR results and DFT calculations are in consort to verify that the interfacial magnetic modulations are due to co-action of strain and charge mediated effects with the strain and charge effects dominant at different length scale.
We utilize polarized neutron reflectometry in consort with
ab initio
based density functional theory calculations to study interface magnetoelectric coupling across a ferroelectric PbZr
0.2
Ti
0.8
O
3
and magnetic La
0.67
Sr
0.33
MnO
3
heterostructure.
Functionalized 3D nanographenes with controlled electronic properties have been synthesized through a multistep organic synthesis method and are further used as promising anode materials for ...lithium‐ion batteries, exhibiting a much increased capacity (up to 950 mAh g−1), three times higher than that of the graphite anode (372 mAh g−1).
Perovskite offers a framework that boasts various functionalities and physical properties of interest such as ferroelectricity, magnetic orderings, multiferroicity, superconductivity, semiconductor, ...and optoelectronic properties owing to their rich compositional diversity. These properties are also uniquely tied to their crystal distortion which is directly affected by lattice strain. Therefore, many important properties of perovskite can be further tuned through strain engineering which can be accomplished by chemical doping or simply element substitution, interface engineering in epitaxial thin films, and special architectures such as nanocomposites. In this review, we focus on and highlight the structure-property relationships of perovskite metal oxide films and elucidate the principles to manipulate the functionalities through different modalities of strain engineering approaches.
Introduction
To assess the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both following the primary surgery on the progression‐free survival and 5‐year overall survival in patients with stage ...I/II uterine carcinosarcoma.
Methods
A preliminary investigation was conducted using PubMed and Embase databases to identify relevant studies published up to March, 2020. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by Revman 5.3 software to analysis outcomes.
Results
Six retrospective cohort studies were involved in the analysis, including 1516 patients in observation group, 956 patients in chemotherapy group, 750 patients in radiotherapy group, and 1082 patients in raidochemotherapy group. The results indicated that chemotherapy alone (HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.38–0.91, p < 0.05) and radiochemotherapy (HR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.24–0.53, p < 0.001) were associated with improved progression‐free survival in patients. Similarly, pooled results suggested chemotherapy (HR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.34–0.71, p < 0.001) and radiochemotherapy (HR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.29–0.72, p < 0.001) promoted the 5‐year overall survival compared with observation. However, radiotherapy alone had no statistical significance in improving progression‐free survival (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.49–1.29, p = 0.36) and 5‐year overall survival (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.38–1.12, p = 0.12).
Discussion
Chemotherapy and radiochemotherapy appeared to be prognostic beneficial to early‐stage uterine carcinosarcoma.
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