Abstract
Transition metal oxides are promising candidates for the next generation of spintronic devices due to their fascinating properties that can be effectively engineered by strain, defects, and ...microstructure. An excellent example can be found in ferroelastic LaCoO
3
with paramagnetism in bulk. In contrast, unexpected ferromagnetism is observed in tensile-strained LaCoO
3
films, however, its origin remains controversial. Here we simultaneously reveal the formation of ordered oxygen vacancies and previously unreported long-range suppression of CoO
6
octahedral rotations throughout LaCoO
3
films. Supported by density functional theory calculations, we find that the strong modification of Co 3
d
-O 2
p
hybridization associated with the increase of both Co-O-Co bond angle and Co-O bond length weakens the crystal-field splitting and facilitates an ordered high-spin state of Co ions, inducing an emergent ferromagnetic-insulating state. Our work provides unique insights into underlying mechanisms driving the ferromagnetic-insulating state in tensile-strained ferroelastic LaCoO
3
films while suggesting potential applications toward low-power spintronic devices.
Two-phase (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95)0.5/(Zr0.92Y0.08O1.96)0.5 (GDC/YSZ) nanocomposite thin films with vertically aligned structure are grown as the electrolyte for thin film solid oxide fuel cells (TFSOFCs). ...X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results confirm that GDC and YSZ grow as separated, high crystallinity nanocolumns with tunable column width on both single crystal and polycrystalline anode substrates. Impedance measurements demonstrate ∼50% enhancement in ionic conductivity compared to pure single-crystal-like GDC thin film. The enhanced properties in the GDC/YSZ vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) system may be attributed to two-phase strain coupling and the fast ionic transport rate along the vertical interfaces. The VAN is applied in thin film SOFC as a part of the electrolyte in the single cells. The overall power density increases more than 40% compared with that of the cells without VAN electrolyte. This work demonstrates the first VAN nanostructured electrolyte with the essential vertical ion-transport channels. The new VAN electrolyte provides superior out-of-plane ionic conductivity compared to those single phase electrolytes as well as the nanolayered electrolytes.
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•YSZ/GDC VAN electrolyte is achieved with tunable vertical grain boundary densities.•This electrolyte provides superior out-of-plane ionic conductivity.•The enhancements come from vertically aligned interfaces or vertical strain.•The power output of fuel cells significantly increases by applying VAN electrolyte.
The Pearl River Estuary is in the geometric center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which is one of the main battlefields to drive the high-quality development of China’s economy. This ...paper uses seven sets of typical satellite images in Pearl River Estuary for nearly half a century (from 1973 to 2021) to analyze the changes of coastline and sea reclamation. The results show that from 1973 to 2021, the total length of the coastline of the Pearl River Estuary increased from 240.09 km to 416.00 km, and that of the continental coastline from 186.87 km to 246.21 km (but the length of natural coastline in the continental coastline decreased from 136.91 km to 15.17 km). In the same period, the total reclamation area of the Pearl River Estuary increased by 28,256.06 ha. Before 2012, the growth rate of reclamation was generally fast. After 2012, the reclamation in China has entered a period of reflection. With reclamation was strictly controlled in the new era, only the previously approved reclamation projects and national major projects have been guaranteed, which makes the average annual growth rate of the coastline length and the reclamation area in the region show a significant downward trend. The reclamation in early days was largely for agriculture and pond culture purposes, but is shifting to transportation, industrial development, and urban construction in recent decades. This study scientifically analyzes the coastline and reclamation changes of the Pearl River Estuary in the past half century, which has a very important reference value for the next step to formulate marine ecological protection and restoration strategies, and construct a new pattern of marine space development and protection.
In order to consolidate the effect of classroom teaching and broaden students’ thinking, stimulate students’ interest in learning, avoid forgetting more and more, so that students actively explore ...knowledge. The author proposes an adaptive memory model based on Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve theory. Firstly, the relationship between the mathematical equation of memory curve and Ebbinghaus forgetting curve theory is introduced. Select the forgetting curve fitting function, and then define the adaptive memory model, the software divides the user’s initial cognition of words into three types: cognition, vagueness, and ignorance, the average memory times of these three types of content are counted separately, finally, the average memory times of the three types of content are comprehensively averaged, finally, a comparative experiment is carried out based on the intelligent memory model of the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve. The results show that while not affecting the memory effect, using the intelligent memory model, the number of memories is reduced by 37.12% compared with the New Oriental memory method, using the adaptive memory model reduces the number of memories by 43.35% compared to the New Oriental memory method. The experimental results show, the adaptive memory model further saves 6.31% of memory times compared to the intelligent memory model, not only has good adaptability to each user’s memory situation, it also further improves memory efficiency. From this it can be seen that, university ideological and political learning model based on the mathematical equation of statistical memory curve: The adaptive memory model has certain reliability and feasibility.
Primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) mainly comprises mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma as well as other subtypes of lymphoma. Different phenotypes of PPL demonstrate various ...high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) features. We aimed to evaluate the value of HRCT in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PPL, especially between MALT lymphoma and non-MALT lymphoma and the correlation between CT and pathological features.
We performed a retrospective analysis on 72 patients with PPL confirmed by pathology between 2007 and 2016. We compared the CT characteristics and correlation with pathological findings between MALT lymphoma and non-MALT lymphoma groups.
All 72 patients with PPL were classified into two groups: low-grade MALT lymphoma (MALToma) (56/72) and high-grade non-MALT lymphoma (non-MALToma) (16/72). The latter group consisted of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (8/72), Hodgkin's lymphoma (3/72), T-cell lymphoma (4/72), and intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (1/72). A total of 168 lesions were analyzed, including 57 cases with multiple lesions and 15 cases with single lesion. The manifestation of four distribution patterns: nodular or mass-like involvement pattern, diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) pattern, pneumonia-like consolidative pattern and mixed pattern was not significantly different between MALToma and non-MALToma (all P>0.05). Signs of air bronchogram and CT angiogram occurred significantly more often in individuals with MALToma group than those with non-MALToma (75%
25%, P=0.001; 64.3%
12.5%, P<0.001; respectively). Conversely, the halo sign presented more often in non-MALToma than in MALToma patients (19%
63.6%, P=0.02). In addition, the butterfly sign was only observed in four patients with MALToma.
HRCT imaging phenotypes were beneficial in the diagnosis of PPL. Solitary or multifocal nodules/masses and consolidation were the most common imaging patterns. The air bronchogram sign, CT angiogram sign, halo sign, and butterfly sign could be potential to help to differentiate MALToma from non-MALToma.
Postauricular injection as a local therapy has been confirmed to be effective for inner ear diseases. However, the mechanism for the drugs entering the inner ears remains unknown. This study aims to ...compare the distribution of dexamethasone by intramuscular injection with that by postauricular injection, and explore the pathway of the drugs entering the inner ears.
An
optical imaging system was used to conduct a time course observation to compare the distribution of dexamethasone by intramuscular injection with that by postauricular injection in male guinea pigs. The drug availability in the tympanic mucosa, tympanum, endolymphatic sac, and cochlea was observed by a confocal laser scanning microscope.
The local fluorescent intensity by postauricular injection was significantly higher in the inner ears, and lower in partial peripheral organs, than that by the intramuscular injection. The drug metabolism by postauricular injection exhibited an obviously sustained release effect in the inner ears. Drugs by postauricular injection might enter the endolymphatic sac through the posterior auricular artery and occipital artery, as well as the connections of the mastoid emissary vein, sigmoid sinus and endolymphatic sac.
More drugs concentrated in the inner ear for longer therapeutic time and less systemic delivery implied more effective and less risk of side effects through postauricular injection than intramuscular injection safer for the treatment of inner ear diseases.
The abnormal activation of BRD4 accelerates the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), developing more precise therapeutics to intervene BRD4 promise to be an excellent opportunity to avoid ...current limitations of chemotherapy in clinic. Herein, a range of small-molecule PROTACs with the privileged 8-methyl-pyrrolo1,2-apyrazin-1(2H)-one scaffold were rationally designed, which harbored different carbon or ethylenedioxy chains to degrade BRD4 mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRBN. Among them, the most potential B24 exhibited remarkable BRD4 degradation and excellent anti-proliferative activities in MV4-11 cells, with values of DC50 and IC50 for 0.75 nmol/L and 0.4 nmol/L, respectively, which were better than the BRD4 inhibitor (+)-JQ-1. Notably, this compound could time-dependently degrade the target protein in the BRD4-, CRBN-, and proteasome-dependent manner. Besides, B24 dramatically decreased the level of proto-oncogene c-Myc, and induced cell apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, down-regulating Bcl-2 and up-regulating Bax to amplify apoptotic effectors. This proof-of-concept study also highlighted the feasibility of BRD4-based PROTACs as a more powerful strategy against AML.
Emerging protein degraders offered great opportunities to fulfill unmet medical needs of AML from drug discovery point of view, novel PROTACs with diverse linkers were rationally designed to degrade BRD4 by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Detailed SAR analysis resulted in compound B24 as a superior BRD4 PROTAC that exhibited remarkable BRD4 degradation efficacy and excellent anti-proliferative activities in MV4-11 cells, which was expected to enrich chemical tools in the field of AML therapy. Display omitted
There is an urgent need for novel effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Oncolytic viruses (OVs) not only directly lyse malignant cells, but also induce potent antitumour immune ...responses. The potency and precise mechanisms of antitumour immune activation by attenuated measles virus remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the potency of the measles virus vaccine strain Edmonston (MV-Edm) in improving adoptive CD8
NKG2D
cells for HCC treatment. We show that MV-Edm-infected HCC enhanced the antitumour activity of CD8
NKG2D
cells, mediated by at least three distinct mechanisms. First, MV-Edm infection compelled HCC cells to express the specific NKG2D ligands MICA/B, which may contribute to the activation of CD8
NKG2D
cells. Second, MV-Edm-infected HCC cells stimulated CD8
NKG2D
cells to express high level of FasL resulting in enhanced induction of apoptosis. Third, intratumoural administration of MV-Edm enhanced infiltration of intravenously injected CD8
NKG2D
cells. Moreover, we found that MV-Edm and adoptive CD8
NKG2D
cells, either administered alone or combined, upregulated the immune suppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in HCC. Elimination of IDO1 by fludarabine enhanced antitumour responses. Taken together, our data provide a novel and clinically relevant strategy for treatment of HCC.
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