There is an emerging potential for digital assessment of depression. In this study, Chinese patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and controls underwent a week of multimodal measurement ...including actigraphy and app-based measures (D-MOMO) to record rest-activity, facial expression, voice, and mood states. Seven machine-learning models (Random Forest RF, Logistic regression LR, Support vector machine SVM, K-Nearest Neighbors KNN, Decision tree DT, Naive Bayes NB, and Artificial Neural Networks ANN) with leave-one-out cross-validation were applied to detect lifetime diagnosis of MDD and non-remission status. Eighty MDD subjects and 76 age- and sex-matched controls completed the actigraphy, while 61 MDD subjects and 47 controls completed the app-based assessment. MDD subjects had lower mobile time (P = 0.006), later sleep midpoint (P = 0.047) and Acrophase (P = 0.024) than controls. For app measurement, MDD subjects had more frequent brow lowering (P = 0.023), less lip corner pulling (P = 0.007), higher pause variability (P = 0.046), more frequent self-reference (P = 0.024) and negative emotion words (P = 0.002), lower articulation rate (P < 0.001) and happiness level (P < 0.001) than controls. With the fusion of all digital modalities, the predictive performance (F1-score) of ANN for a lifetime diagnosis of MDD was 0.81 and 0.70 for non-remission status when combined with the HADS-D item score, respectively. Multimodal digital measurement is a feasible diagnostic tool for depression in Chinese. A combination of multimodal measurement and machine-learning approach has enhanced the performance of digital markers in phenotyping and diagnosis of MDD.
Summary
Background Null mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) cause ichthyosis vulgaris (IV) and predispose to atopic dermatitis (AD). Cohort studies in Europe and Japan have reported an FLG ...mutation carrier frequency of between 14% and 56%, but the prevalent European FLG mutations are rare or absent in Chinese patients with IV and AD.
Objectives To investigate further the spectrum of FLG‐null mutations in Chinese patients and to compare it with that in other populations.
Methods We conducted comprehensive FLG genetic analysis in a discovery cohort of 92 Singaporean Chinese individuals with IV and/or moderate‐to‐severe AD. All detected FLG mutations were then screened in a cohort of 425 patients with AD and 440 normal controls.
Results In total, 22 FLG‐null mutations, of which 14 are novel, were identified in this study; the combined null FLG genotype of 17 mutations detected in cases and controls showed strong association with AD Fisher’s exact test; P = 5·3 × 10−9; odds ratio (OR) 3·3, palmar hyperlinearity (Fisher’s exact test; P = 9·0 × 10−15; OR 5·8), keratosis pilaris (Fisher’s exact test; P = 0·001; OR 4·7) and with increased severity of AD (permutation test; P = 0·0063).
Conclusions This study emphasizes the wider genetic landscape of FLG‐null mutations in Asia that is slowly emerging.
•Uniformly distributed non-coherent nanoprecipitates appeared in FeCoNi (Al)HEAs after high-pressure solidification (HPS).•Short-range ordering structures and the double sluggish diffusion effect ...(DSDE) lead to the nanoprecipitates.•The volume fraction of grain boundary phases is decreased after HPS.•The maximum permeability (μm) increased prominently and the intrinsic coercivity decreased after HPS.
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In this work, we investigated the microstructure and magnetic properties of FeCoNi (Al) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) prepared by high-pressure solidification (HPS). The results show that incoherent nanoprecipitates distributed in uniaxial grain uniformly, which significantly reduces the average magnetic anisotropy of the alloys. The maximum permeability (μm) of alloys increased prominently (i.e. from 47800 to 169000 in FeCoNi alloy and 78000–205000 in FeCoNiAl alloy) and the intrinsic coercivity decreased by 43% in FeCoNiAl alloy after HPS. Nanoprecipitates were related with the double sluggish diffusion effect (DSDE), which is caused by the coupling of high-entropy and high-pressure during solidification process. DSDE not only ensures the retention of short-range ordering (SRO) structures in the liquid metal, but also inhibits the SRO structures’ growth during the solidification process. These SRO structures provide structural conditions to the nanoprecipitates. The molecular dynamics simulation results provide support to the crucial role of DSDE on short-range ordering structures. HPS can effectively reduce the volume fraction of grain boundary precipitates also due to DSDE. Thus, DSDE exhibited the great significance to understand the microstructure of FeCoNi (Al) HEAs by HPS. The perspective also provides a paradigm to enhance the magnetic property of soft magnetic alloys significantly.
Chondrogenic differentiation by mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) is associated with cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and dexamethasone. Extracellular matrix (ECM) also ...regulates the differentiation by MPCs. To define whether ECM plays a functional role in regulation of the chondrogenic differentiation by MPCs, an in vitro model was used. That model exposed to dexamethasone, recombinant human TGF-β1(
rhTGF-β1) and collagens. The results showed that MPCs incorporated with dexamethasone and
rhTGF-β1 increased proliferation and expression of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) after 14 days. Type II collagen enhanced the GAG synthesis, but did not increase alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. When adding dexamethasone and
rhTGF-β1 MPCs increased mRNA expression of Sox9. Incorporation with type II collagen, dexamethasone and
rhTGF-β1, MPCs induced mRNA expression of aggrecan and enhanced levels of type II collagen, and Sox9 mRNA. In contrast, incorporation with type I collagen, dexamethasone and
rhTGF-β1 MPCs reduced levels of aggrecan, and Sox9 mRNA, and showed no type II collagen mRNA. Altogether, these results indicate that type I and II collagen, in addition to the cytokine effect, may play a functional role in regulating of chondrogenic differentiation by MPCs.
Even with the renaissance in gamma-ray burst (GRB) research fostered by the Swift satellite, few bursts have both contemporaneous observations at long wavelengths and exquisite observations at later ...times across the electromagnetic spectrum. We present here contemporaneous imaging with the KAIT robotic optical telescope, dense optical sampling with Lulin, supplemented with infrared data from PAIRITEL and radio to gamma-ray data from the literature. For the first time, we can test the constancy of microphysical parameters in the internal-external shock paradigm and carefully trace the flow of energy from the GRB to the surrounding medium. KAIT data taken 1 minute after the start of GRB 051111 and coinciding with the fading gamma-ray tail of the prompt emission indicate a smooth reinjection of energy into the shock. No color change is apparent in observations beginning 61.5 minutes after the GRB and lasting for the first hour after the burst. There are achromatic flux modulations about the bestfit model at late (t - 10 super(4) s) times, possibly due to variations in the external density. We find that the host galaxy extinction is well fit by a curve similar to that of the Small Magellanic Cloud. Low visual extinction, A sub(V) - 0.2 mag, combined with high column densities determined from the X-ray and optical spectroscopy (N sub(H) > 10 super(21) cm super(-2)), indicate a low dust-to-metals ratio and a possible overabundance of the light metals. An apparent small ratio of total to selective extinction (R sub(V) - 2) argues against dust destruction by the GRB. Time constancy of both the IR/optical/UV spectral energy distribution and the soft X-ray absorption suggests that the absorbing material is not local to the GRB.
We present details of the Automated Radio Telescope Imaging Pipeline (ARTIP) and the results of a sensitive blind search for H i and OH absorbers at z < 0.4 and z < 0.7, respectively. ARTIP is ...written in Python 3.6, extensively uses the Common Astronomy Software Application tools and tasks, and is designed to enable the geographically distributed MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey (MALS) team to collaboratively process large volumes of radio interferometric data. We apply it to the first MALS data set obtained using the 64-dish MeerKAT radio telescope and 32 K channel mode of the correlator. With merely 40 minutes on target, we present the most sensitive spectrum of PKS 1830-211 ever obtained and characterize the known H i (z = 0.19) and OH (z = 0.89) absorbers. We further demonstrate ARTIP's capabilities to handle realistic observing scenarios by applying it to a sample of 72 bright radio sources observed with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) to blindly search for H i and OH absorbers. We estimate the numbers of H i and OH absorbers per unit redshift to be n21(z ∼ 0.18) < 0.14 and nOH(z ∼ 0.40) < 0.12, respectively, and constrain the cold gas covering factor of galaxies at large impact parameters (50 kpc < < 150 kpc) to be less than 0.022. Due to the small redshift path, Δz ∼ 13 for H i with column density >5.4 × 1019 cm−2, the survey has probed only the outskirts of star-forming galaxies at > 30 kpc. MALS with the expected Δz ∼ 103-4 will overcome this limitation and provide stringent constraints on the cold gas fraction of galaxies in diverse environments over 0 < z < 1.5.
Increasing levels of wind energy in modern electrical power system is initiating a need for accurate analysis and estimation of transient stability of wind turbine generation systems. This paper ...investigates the transient behaviors and possible direct methods for transient stability evaluation of a grid-connected wind turbine with squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG). Firstly, by using an equivalent lump mass method, a three-mass wind turbine equivalent model is proposed considering both the blades and the shaft flexibility of the wind turbine drive train system. Combined with the detailed electromagnetic transient models of a SCIG, the transient behaviors of the wind turbine generation system during a three-phase fault are simulated and compared with the traditional models. Secondly, in order to quickly estimate the transient stability limit of the wind turbine generation system, a direct method based on normal form theory is proposed. The transient models of the wind turbine generation system including the flexible drive train model are derived based on the direct transient stability estimation method. A method of critical clearing time (CCT) calculation is developed for the transient stability estimation of the wind turbine generation system. Finally, the CCT at various initial mechanical torques for different dynamical models are calculated and compared with the trial and error method by simulation, when the SCIG stator terminal is subjected to a three-phase short-circuit fault. The results have shown the proposed method and models are correct and valid.
We present an updated all-particle energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays in a wide range from image to image eV using image events collected from 2000 November through 2004 October by the Tibet-III ...air-shower array located 4300 m above sea level (an atmospheric depth of 606 g cm(-2)). The size spectrum exhibits a sharp knee at a corresponding primary energy around 4 PeV. This work uses increased statistics and new simulation calculations for the analysis. We discuss our extensive Monte Carlo calculations and the model dependencies involved in the final result, assuming interaction models QGSJET01c and SIBYLL2.1, and heavy dominant (HD) and proton dominant (PD) primary composition models. Pure proton and pure iron primary models are also examined as extreme cases. A detector simulation was also performed to improve our accuracy in determining the size of the air showers and the energy of the primary particle. We confirmed that the all-particle energy spectra obtained under various plausible model parameters are not significantly different from each other, which was the expected result given the characteristics of the experiment at high altitude, where the air showers of the primary energy around the knee reach near-maximum development, with their features dominated by electromagnetic components, leading to a weak dependence on the interaction model or the primary mass. This is the highest statistical and the best systematics-controlled measurement covering the widest energy range around the knee energy region.
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