Like the previous edition in 2008, this book examines the historical and politico-economic context in which Chinese law has developed and transformed, focusing on the underlying factors and ...justifications for the changes. It attempts to sketch the main trends in legal modernisation in China, offering an outline of the principal features of contemporary Chinese law and a clearer understanding of its nature from a developmental perspective. It provides comprehensive coverage of topics: 'legal culture' and modern law reform, constitutional law, legal institutions, law-making, administrative law, criminal law, criminal procedure law, civil law, property, family law, contracts, torts, law on business entities, securities, bankruptcy, intellectual property, law on foreign investment and trade, Chinese investment overseas, dispute settlement and implementation of law. Fully revised, updated and considerably expanded, this edition of Chinese Law: Context and Transformation is a valuable and important resource for researchers, policy-makers and teachers alike.
The connection mode of the direct current (DC) power distribution system and the alternating current (AC) system is the foundation of system design, and it is also one of key technologies of the DC ...power distribution network. Based on the topology structure, grounding method, main equipment parameters, load parameters and system control protection strategy of the DC power distribution system, this paper establishes the system simulation model in the case of configuring the connection transformer and not configuring the connection transformer. Simulation results show that, when no connecting transformer is installed, the interaction between AC and DC systems will be great when faults occur, and the cost of converter valves and DC reactors will be increased. When connecting transformers are installed, the interaction between AC and DC systems can be effectively isolated, and the operation reliability of the system will be greatly improved while the cost is saved. Therefore, it is recommended to configure an independent connection transformer in the DC distribution system.
Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter indicating crop growth. At present, spectral technology has developed into a popular means for LAI monitoring, which can provide accurate estimation ...results by constructing a model with crop spectral information and a ground LAI value. Spectral range and data type may affect the performance of the model, but few studies have compared the estimation accuracy of crop LAI using different spectral sensors, especially in ramie. In this study, we compared the potential to estimate the ramie LAI of a hyperspectral sensor with a multispectral sensor. A handheld hyperspectral sensor and an airborne multispectral sensor were used to collect spectral data from multiple growth stages, and then four machine learning algorithms were used to construct the LAI estimation model. The results showed that the R2 of the hyperspectral model was 0.702, while the R2 of the multispectral model was 0.816. The cropped hyperspectral data was less sensitive to LAI than the multispectral data with the same spectral band, due to the result of radiation area and data type. The accuracy of the ramie LAI estimation model constructed with all stage data was improved (R2 = 0.828). In conclusion, the airborne multi-spectrometer is more suitable for monitoring ramie LAI in the field.
As an effective carrier of distributed generation, a microgrid is an effective way to ensure that distributed power can be reasonably utilized. However, due to the property of line impedance and ...other factors in a microgrid, reactive power supplied by distributed generation units cannot be shared rationally. To efficiently improve reactive power sharing, this paper proposes a reactive power-voltage control strategy based on adaptive virtual impedance. This method changes the voltage reference value by adding an adaptive term based on the traditional virtual impedance. Meanwhile, a voltage recovery mechanism was used to compensate the decline of distributed generation (DG) output voltage in the process. MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental results show that the proposed controller can effectively improve the steady state performance of the active and reactive power sharing. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy were verified.
It is shown that the flag‐transitive, point‐primitive automorphism groups of 2‐(
v
,
k
,
λ
) $(v,k,\lambda )$ designs with λ $\lambda $ prime must be of affine type or almost simple type.
As an effective method to analyze complex catalytic reaction networks, microkinetic modeling is gaining increasing popularity in the catalytic activity evaluation and rational design of heterogeneous ...catalysts. An automated simulator with stable and reliable performance is especially useful and in great request. Here we introduce the CATKINAS package developed for large‐scale microkinetic modeling and analysis. Featuring with a multilevel solver and a multifunctional analyzer, CATKINAS can provide both accurate solutions and various quantitative and automatic analysis for a wide range of catalytic systems. The structure and the basic workflow are overviewed with the multilevel solver particularly illustrated. Also, we take the CO methanation reaction as an example to illustrate the application and efficiency of the CATKINAS package.
CATKINAS is a high‐performance catalytic microkinetic analysis software aimed for large‐scale mechanism auto‐analysis and catalyst screening. The software consists of a user‐friendly input module, a multilevel solver, and a multidimensional analyzer. Parallel processing and machine learning acceleration are also implemented to ensure fast and robust solving process. CATKINAS can be used for solving, analyzing, and visualizing microkinetic simulations of various catalytic systems and greatly facilitate the rational design of heterogeneous catalysts.
Induced designs and fixed points Chen, Jianfu; Zhou, Shenglin
Discrete mathematics,
March 2021, 2021-03-00, Letnik:
344, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Let D be a 2-(v,k,1) design and H be an automorphism group of D. This paper studies the induced design on the fixed points of H, denoted by FixH. We extend the work of A.R. Camina and J. Siemons and ...we also state that if there is an induced design on FixH, then |FixH|≤r in most cases, where r is the number of blocks containing a given point. Moreover, for a given k0, there exist only finitely many designs admitting an induced design on FixH with |FixH|>r and block size k0.
This paper comprehensively examines the present roles of the CPC in the various aspects of law and legal reform and the mechanisms through which Party leadership is exercised. It will argue that, ...although the recent assertive stand on Party leadership reflects the Xi-Li confidence in asserting China's own model of governance, the current practice essentially brings out the Party from the shadows and suggests a tighter relationship between the Party and the State for the foreseeable future.
This paper considers unrelated parallel machine scheduling involving machine usage costs, in addition to classic job completion time-related costs. The usage cost of each machine is made up of a ...fixed usage cost and a variable usage cost proportional to the total processing time of the jobs assigned to it. These features model many practical situations where machine usage costs include, for example, rental fees when the machines are not owned but rented. To tackle this problem, four mathematical models based on the Shortest Weighted Processing Time (SWPT) rule are introduced. Additionally, the problem is formulated into a set-partitioning model, for which a branch-and-price algorithm is proposed with an appropriate branching strategy. This facilitates the development of an efficient pseudo-polynomial dynamic programming algorithm and a polynomial-time heuristic to solve the pricing problem. Extensive numerical experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed branch-and-price algorithm over the four SWPT-based mathematical formulations and an existing branch-and-price algorithm designed for a special case. Notably, it can optimally solve instances involving up to 225 jobs and 15 machines within one hour. Moreover, statistical analyses reveal that the proposed polynomial-time heuristic significantly reduces the computation time, and the mathematical model based on the contribution of every job to the total weighted completion time exhibits the best overall performance.
•A branch-and-price algorithm is proposed and shown to be efficient by experiments.•An appropriate branching strategy contributes very much to the efficiency.•An efficient polynomial heuristic is proposed to solve the pricing problem.•The pricing problem is shown to be solvable in pseudo-polynomial time.•Four mathematical models are proposed from different perspectives.
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