There is considerable research on the influence of political partisanship on vaccine acceptance. However, the current study is one of the first to investigate how political identification is related ...to risk and benefit perceptions vis-à-vis vaccines. Based on survey data collected in the United States regarding four different vaccines at three points in time (n = 383 for April-June 2012; n = 364 for March 2020; n = 334 for April-May 2020), Democrats were found to have more positive attitudes toward vaccinations in general and hold more favorable risk and benefit perceptions of pandemic and routine vaccines overall compared to Republicans. However, the onset of a pandemic can serve as an equalizing force and motivate similar risk and benefit perceptions across party lines, but this force can wane quickly when the information environment is politicized. For political partisans who are ideologically oriented to be more hesitant toward vaccines, two conditions can help sustain their favorable vaccine perceptions during a pandemic: (a) when they identify with the governing political party, and (b) when there are consistent reassurances of vaccine safety and effectiveness from their partisan leadership. Given that risk and benefit perceptions were found to be consistently associated with vaccine acceptance across contexts in this study, communication aimed at encouraging vaccinations should always address the risks and benefits of a vaccine in ways that are tailored for individuals with different political affiliations.
Studies linking proactive personality to creativity have primarily taken a future‐oriented perspective, describing a process where individuals assess future opportunities and risks of creative ...endeavors. Complementing this approach, we draw on an attribution theory perspective to delineate how proactive personality relates to employee creativity through the serial mediating effects of job reflective learning—a backward‐looking cognitive process—and activated positive affective states. Job reflective learning captures backward‐looking self‐assessments and the underlying internal causal attributions, and it is differentiated into two valences: job reflective learning from successes and from failures. Based on two separate multi‐wave, multi‐source field studies, our findings consistently show a serial mediation process linking proactive personality to creativity through both valences of job reflective learning and activated positive affective states. Job reflective learning from successes breeds joviality, whereas job reflective learning from failures arouses attentiveness. Joviality and attentiveness—both types of activated positive affective states—in turn promote creativity. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of how proactive employees manifest their proactivity trait into actual creativity through backward‐looking cognitive and affective processes.
Major health behavior change models tend to consider health decisions as primarily resulting from a systematic appraisal of relevant beliefs, such as the perceived benefits and risks of a ...pharmacological intervention. Drawing on research from the disciplines of risk management, communication, and psychology, this study proposed the inclusion of a heuristic route in established theory and tested the direction of influence between heuristic and systematic process variables. Affect and social trust were included as key heuristics in the proposed dual‐mode framework of health decision making. Furthermore, exposure to health‐related coverage on television was considered potentially influential over both heuristic and systematic process variables. To test this framework, data were collected from a national probability sample of 584 adults in the United States in 2012 regarding their decision to vaccinate against a hypothetical avian flu. The results provided some support for the bidirectional influence between heuristic and systematic processing. Affect toward flu vaccination and trust in the Food and Drug Administration were found to be powerful predictors of vaccination intention, enhancing intention both directly and indirectly via certain systematic process variables. The direction of influence between perceived susceptibility and severity, on the one hand, and affect, on the other, is less clear, suggesting the need for further research. Contrary to the opinion of media critics, exposure to televised health coverage was negatively associated with the perceived risks of vaccination. Results from this study carry theoretical and practical implications, and applying this model to the acceptance of different health interventions constitutes an area for future inquiries.
The global COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted personal and work lives and created great uncertainty and stress, especially for frontline health care professionals like doctors and nurses who risk ...personal health while facing increased workloads and new COVID-related tasks. People can passively respond to this disruption, or they can be more active and choose to shape the conditions surrounding their work during the crisis. We designed a multiwave, multisource study examining whether a proactive orientation is a key resource for frontline health care professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing from proactive and conservation of resources theories, we studied a sample of 408 doctors and nurses at a COVID-19 hospital in the locked-down area surrounding Wuhan City, China during the first wave of the virus. Our aim is to examine how personal agency contributes to health care professionals' performance and well-being when combating COVID-19. Proactive personality as a dispositional resource was associated with higher levels of perceived strengths use, a job-related motivational resource. This effect was jointly moderated by routine disruption and perceived organizational support. Proactive personality was indirectly associated with performance and two indicators of well-being (resilience and thriving) through perceived strengths use. More frequent physical exposure to the virus magnified the effects of perceived strengths use on an archival indicator of performance during the first wave of the pandemic.
•Evaluated 17 algorithms for outlier detection in oil/gas production timeseries.•Compared the performance of the 17 algorithms based on 6 different metrics.•Selected the top 8 algorithms based on the ...examination outcome of synthetic data.•Compared the performance of the top 8 techniques on two real datasets.•KNN is a simple yet the top technique that can handle different production trends.
Time-series data have been extensively collected and analyzed in many disciplines, such as stock market, medical diagnosis, meteorology, and oil and gas industry. Numerous data in these disciplines are sequence of observations measured as functions of time, which can be further used for different applications via analytical or data analytics techniques (e.g., to forecast future price, climate change, etc.). However, presence of outliers can cause significant uncertainties to interpretation results; hence, it is essential to remove the outliers accurately and efficiently before conducting any further analysis. A total of 17 techniques that belong to statistical, regression-based, and machine learning (ML) based categories for outlier detection in timeseries are applied to the oil and gas production data analysis. 15 of these methods are utilized for production data analysis for the first time. Two state-of-the-art and high-performance techniques are then selected for data cleaning which require minimum control and time complexity. Moreover, performances of these techniques are evaluated based on several metrics including the accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and Cohen’s Kappa to rank the techniques. Results show that eight unsupervised algorithms outperform the rest of the methods based on the synthetic case study with known outliers. For example, accuracies of the eight shortlisted methods are in the range of 0.83–0.99 with a precision between 0.83 and 0.98, compared to 0.65–0.82 and 0.07–0.77 for the others. In addition, ML-based techniques perform better than statistical techniques. Our experimental results on real field data further indicate that the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Fulford-Blasingame methods are superior to other outlier detection frameworks for outlier detection in production data, followed by four others including density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), and angle-based outlier detection (ABOD). Even though the techniques are examined with oil and gas production data, but the same data cleaning workflow can be used to detect timeseries’ outliers in other disciplines.
•The (meta-)felspathic sandstone was deposited after ∼2.2 Ga, which may related to slab rollback.•These (meta-)sedimentary rocks were probably sourced from multiple regions.•The Paleoproterozoic ...strata have experienced a depositional environment between ca. 2.2–1.81 Ga.
The Paleoproterozoic strata on the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) comprise a relatively intact low-grade (meta-)sedimentary sequence, but whether there are breaks in the sequence and the tectonic setting in which the sequence was deposited are uncertain. In this study, we use zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis to constrain the provenance, depositional age, and depositional environment of the Paleoproterozoic strata, and discuss the likely tectonic setting of sedimentation on the northern margin of the NCC during the Paleoproterozoic. The distribution of detrital zircon ages shows that the lower meta-feldspathic sandstone unit of the Paleoproterozoic sequence was deposited after ca. 2.2 Ga, whereas the maximum depositional age of (meta-)quartz siltstone and quartzites were around 1.89 Ga and at from ca. 1.86 to 1.81 Ga, respectively. Integration of our new U–Pb and Hf isotope data with literature data from other regions of the NCC, allow us to demonstrate that the Paleoproterozoic strata experienced a depositional environment between ca. 2.2–1.81 Ga in an extensional basin system. This suggests that the northern margin of the NCC evolved from an extensional tectonic setting, possibly related to slab rollback. Subsequently, the Paleoproterozoic sequence was affected by a ∼1.8 Ga metamorphic event to form these (meta-)sedimentary rocks in the region.
The shelf-edge and continental slope current off the west coast of Canada has been monitored at a site off West Vancouver Island since 1985. However, observations at this site may not represent the ...characteristics of the shelf-edge and slope current off the entire west coast of Canada. Here, we use along-track satellite altimetry data over six transects to investigate the characteristics of the surface geostrophic currents over the shelf edge and continental slope off the west coast of Canada from 1992 to 2020. It is shown that along-track satellite altimetry is well suited for monitoring longshore and climatic variations of the near-surface shelf-edge and slope currents off the west coast of Canada. It is found that the surface current over the shelf edge and slope has different features from the south to the north. While the surface current is poleward in winter and equatorward in summer off South Vancouver Island, it is poleward year-round off the rest of the west coast of Canada. The seasonal current anomalies show longshore correlation significant at the 95% confidence level, except at the North Haida Gwaii transect. The first empirical orthogonal function mode of the seasonal current anomalies is correlated with the longshore wind anomalies both off South Vancouver Island and off Oregon. However, this first mode is not correlated with either the Niño 3.4 index or the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index, though they often show large episodic events during strong El Niño and La Niña years. Consistent with previous findings, the present study indicates that the surface currents over the shelf edge and continental slope off the west coast of Canada are related to regional and remote longshore wind forcing.
Growing consumption trends put a strain on natural resource availability as the needs of near-term production targets are prioritized over that of long-term sustainability. In our current linear ...economic system, raw materials are transformed into useful products for consumption and subsequently disposed of. To achieve environmental sustainability, a circular economic system should be evaluated with the goal to examine and implement potential recovery pathways for waste products. There has been a growing interest in synthesizing biofuels via pyrolysis to move away from unsustainable and disruptive petroleum supply-chains. This aids in achieving sustainability as the products of pyrolysis can be recovered for a wide range of applications. This pyrolysis byproduct is commonly used for agricultural applications and has been receiving recognition due to emerging research on its implementation for composite materials to provide an alternative to carbon black (petroleum-based). As researchers are recognizing the advantages and uncovering more recovery channels for biocarbon, a comprehensive understanding of the recent developments and challenges is required to critically assess the viability of this product to be used in various industries. Given a lack of reviews drawing attention to the emerging application, this work aims to provide a comprehensive view of the processes involved to transform agricultural products into biocarbon. This review includes discussion of the lignocellulosic feedstock degradation, analysis of the pyrolysis process effects on biocarbon properties, and the emerging novel applications for biocarbon based composite materials.
The availability and abundance of foods in 21st century China have dramatically expanded over the past three decades. Despite the proximity of memories of food insecurity—the intergenerational ...preparation and sharing of meals continue to mark social identity and belonging. This article explores how contemporary Chinese foodways and medicinal recipes connect with past times as well as convey cultural memory. Two case studies will animate this analysis. The first part of the article will examine the Cuisine Museum in Hangzhou where past coexists with present and future as attendees view displays of specific dishes and grand tables followed by consuming sumptuous meals recreated at the adjoining restaurant. The second half will explore the realms of medicinal foods and recipes that reflect longstanding notions of health that are being promoted in contemporary China. Altogether, these arenas suggest that foodscapes, particularly medicinal foods, offer key assemblages of food memory, time, and wellbeing.
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