•Stressor-strain-outcome (SSO) framework was utilised to understand media fatigue.•Relationship between psychosocial well-being and social media fatigue was examined.•Repeated cross-sectional surveys ...(N = 1554, 1144) with adolescents were utilised.•Compulsive social media use positively predicted tendency to experience fatigue.•Social media fatigue was linked to high anxiety and depression among adolescents.•Compulsive media use mediates between fear of missing out and social media fatigue.
The constant development of online social media features and related services has constantly attracted and increased the number of social media users. But, at the same time, a myriad of users have deviated themselves, temporarily or permanently, from social media use due to social media fatigue. Scholars have investigated different antecedents and consequences of social media fatigue. However, empirical relationships between psychosocial wellbeing and social media fatigue are currently not known. To bridge this gap, the current study utilises the stressor-strain-outcome framework (SSO) to examine whether psychosocial wellbeing measures, such as compulsive media use and fear of missing out, trigger fatigue and, furthermore, whether social media fatigue results in anxiety and depression. The study utilised repeated cross-sectional methodology whereby two waves of data (N = 1554, 1144) were collected to test the research model with adolescent social media users in India. The study findings suggest that compulsive media use significantly triggered social media fatigue, which later result in elevated anxiety and depression. Fear of missing out indirectly predicted social media fatigue through mediation of compulsive social media use. The theoretical and practical implications, limitations of the present study and agenda for future studies are presented and discussed.
•Continuation and purchase intentions were examined in a mobile instant messaging (MIM) context.•The uses and gratification (U&G) theory was utilized as a theoretical lens.•The relationships between ...MIM U&Gs, continuation, and purchase intentions were examined.•Cross-sectional data involving 309 MIM users from Japan were utilized.•Exposure U&G was positively associated with purchase intentions towards virtual goods.•Entertainment and affection U&Gs were positively associated with continuation intentions.
Few literature studies have investigated the relationships between different uses and gratifications (U&Gs) of mobile instant messaging (MIM) apps, continuation, and purchase intentions. To address this gap, the researchers aimed to examine the influence of the content, social, process, and technology U&Gs of MIM on continuation intentions toward MIMs, and purchase intentions toward virtual goods available on MIMs. A comprehensive research model was developed based on the U&G theory, which was tested using cross-sectional data from 309 Japanese MIM users. The study considered six different U&Gs of MIM as independent variables and purchase intentions towards stickers and continuation intentions towards MIM as dependent variables. The study results suggest that exposure U&G has a significant positive association with MIM sticker purchase intentions. The entertainment and affection U&G are positively associated with continuation intentions towards MIM use. The study contributes to the literature by investigating U&Gs that motivate MIM users to have both positive purchase intentions toward virtual goods, such as stickers, and continuation intentions toward MIMs. The study has significant theoretical and practical implications for both researchers and practitioners who are interested in virtual goods, the virtual economy, MIM apps, social media, new media, and the service economy.
Indonesia and many other developing countries have a vast youth population, yet limited facilities for physics learning. The major purposes of this study are to develop low-cost, technology-enhanced ...physical and virtual laboratories and to investigate their effects on various learning objectives, including conceptual understanding, inquiry performance, scientific inquiry self-efficacy, and enjoyment. The virtual laboratory (VL) used the physics education technology to simulate a pendulum, while the physical laboratory (PL) was a technology-enhanced physical laboratory utilizing the Camera Stopwatch and Smart Tools applications. In this quasiexperimental design, a total of 68 secondary school students in Indonesia were randomly assigned to the PL and VL settings. The participants conducted the pendulum experiment guided by an inquiry worksheet along with pre- and postconceptual tests, scientific inquiry self-efficacy, and enjoyment questionnaires. The result revealed that the guided inquiry-based VL was as effective as the PL for simple concepts, but was more effective for improving difficult concepts and scientific inquiry self-efficacy. Nevertheless, the PL group performed better on crucial inquiry activities, that is, planning, experimenting, and further improvement of the experiment. Moreover, both the PL and VL significantly promoted enjoyment. It was concluded that the PL and VL were successful for achieving different learning objectives.
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as senile dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of AD have not yet been elucidated. We examined common ...differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from different AD tissue microarray datasets by meta-analysis and screened the AD-associated genes from the common DEGs using GCBI. Then we studied the gene expression network using the STRING database and identified the hub genes using Cytoscape. Furthermore, we analyzed the microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the AD-associated genes, and then identified feed-forward loops. Finally, we performed SNP analysis of the AD-associated genes. Our results identified 207 common DEGs, of which 57 have previously been reported to be associated with AD. The common DEG expression network identified eight hub genes, all of which were previously known to be associated with AD. Further study of the regulatory miRNAs associated with the AD-associated genes and other genes specific to neurodegenerative diseases revealed 65 AD-associated miRNAs. Analysis of the miRNA associated transcription factor-miRNA-gene-gene associated TF (mTF-miRNA-gene-gTF) network around the AD-associated genes revealed 131 feed-forward loops (FFLs). Among them, one important FFL was found between the gene
, hsa-miR-27a, and the transcription factor MYC. Furthermore, SNP analysis of the AD-associated genes identified 173 SNPs, and also found a role in AD for miRNAs specific to other neurodegenerative diseases, including hsa-miR-34c, hsa-miR-212, hsa-miR-34a, and hsa-miR-7. The regulatory network constructed in this study describes the mechanism of cell regulation in AD, in which miRNAs and lncRNAs can be considered AD regulatory factors.
Plants initiate immunity by cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which perceive non-self molecules. PRRs are predominantly receptor serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) kinases that are ...evolutionarily related to animal interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)/Pelle-soluble kinases. However, how the activity of these receptor kinases is modulated remains poorly understood. We report that the Arabidopsis PRR chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (CERK1) is autophosphorylated in unstimulated cells at tyrosine428 (Tyr428), a modification that is required for CERK1 activation upon binding to the fungal cell wall component chitin. Upon chitin activation, CERK1 recruits the CERK1-interacting protein phosphatase 1 (CIPP1), a predicted Ser/Thr phosphatase, to dephosphorylate Tyr428 and dampen CERK1 signaling. CIPP1 subsequently dissociates from Tyr428-dephosphorylated CERK1, allowing CERK1 to regain Tyr428 autophosphorylation and return to a standby state. This work sheds light onto plant chitin signaling and shows that a receptor kinase and phosphatase can coordinately regulate signal transduction of a receptor kinase through a phosphorylation cycle.
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•Tyr428 autophosphorylation is required for chitin-triggered CERK1 activation•Phosphatase CIPP1 is recruited to dephosphorylate Tyr428 of CERK1 by chitin•CIPP1 dissociates from Tyr428-dephosphorylated CERK1•CERK1 regains Tyr428 phosphorylation to be ready for the next cycle of activation
Plants initiate immunity by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that perceive non-self molecules, but how these PRRs are regulated remains poorly understood. Liu et al. show that a plant receptor kinase and phosphatase coordinate the Tyr phosphorylation cycle of the PRR, CERK1, to regulate its activation in response to fungal chitin.
Polymer shells prepared by the microencapsulation technique with perfect sphericity and defect-free surface finish are demanded in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. The sphericity and ...surface finish are some of the hardest specifications to fulfill. Driven by the need to improve qualities of the polymer shells to meet the critical specifications, the effects of fluorobenzene (FB) mass transfer rate on sphericity and surface finish were investigated and the mechanisms of the effects of FB mass transfer on sphericity and surface finish of poly-α-methylstyrene (PAMS) were also discussed. The sphericity and surface finish of the PAMS shells are greatly improved by decreasing the FB mass transfer rate. The calculative frequency of the final shells with an out-of-round (
δ
OOR
) of less than 2 μm increases from 30% to 80%, while the power spectra density (PSD) plot gets closer to the specification of the national ignition facility (NIF). The tracking experiments show that the curing process is extended and the percolation transition is also postponed by decreasing the FB mass transfer rate. Therefore, the interfacial tension can work sufficiently, helping make double droplets become spherical, since the double droplets' stay in the liquid state is effectively extended. Moreover, the Marangoni instabilities at the O-W2 boundary are also restrained by controlling the mass transfer, due to the diffusivity of FB being slowed down. Both the results and methods presented in this work provide a more in-depth understanding of the curing process and the mass transfer, to the benefit of fabricating polymer shells with high sphericity and defect-free surface finish used in ICF experiments.
Polymer shells prepared by the microencapsulation technique with perfect sphericity and defect-free surface finish are demanded in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments.
Solving clinical problems requires an individual to apply not only domain-specific medical knowledge and cognitive skills for reasoning, but also to be consciously aware of, monitor, and evaluate ...their thinking processes (i.e., metacognition). The purpose of this study was to map critical metacognitive dimensions of clinical problem solving and to explore the structural relationships among them, which may help frame a conceptual framework and better pedagogy for effective intervention. A context-specific inventory was adapted and modified from a domain-general instrument to capture essential metacognitive skills for learning and solving clinical problems. This inventory was administered to 72 undergraduate medical students to survey their capabilities in five dimensions: knowledge of cognition, objectives, problem representation, monitoring, and evaluation. The interplay among these dimensions was further examined using partial least squares structural equation modeling.
Our findings revealed that the medical students fell short of some expert-like, metacognitive, and regulatory competence, even after receiving years of medical education and on-site training. In particular, they did not know when a holistic understanding of a problem had been reached. Many of them often do not have a set of clear diagnostic procedures in mind, nor do they concurrently monitor their thinking during diagnostic reasoning. Moreover, their lack of self-improving approaches seemed to worsen their learning. Finally, the structural equation model indicated that knowledge of cognition and objectives significantly predicted problem representation, suggesting that medical learners' knowledge of and goals for learning are influential in framing the clinical problems at hand. A significant linear prediction path was observed from problem representation, monitoring, to evaluation, signifying a possible sequenced process of clinical problem solving. Metacognitive-based instruction can help improve clinical problem-solving skills and awareness of potential biases or errors.
This study examined the difference in adults' pronunciation performance with peer feedback and individual practice when using an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. The same ASR software was ...used in both the comparison (n = 31) and the experimental group (n = 33) for 12 weeks. The participants were working adults in Taiwan. During the weekly lesson, the participants dictated a text to the ASR software, Speechnotes, on its website and then practiced misidentified words by themselves (the comparison group) or with feedback from team members (the experimental group). Learners' pronunciation was measured in reading aloud and spontaneous conversation tasks before and after the treatment. Participants' satisfaction and perceptions of the ease of use of the software were also assessed at the end of the course. The results revealed a significant difference in the two groups' pronunciation post-tests, suggesting that peer feedback is more effective than individual practice for the correction of pronunciation. The experimental group was more satisfied than the comparison group with the software. However, no differences in accentedness or perception of ease of use were evident. The findings, ASR software implementation challenges, and implications for adult language learning are discussed.
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