Abstract The arrangement of Chinese characters has a significant impact on the visual effect and information dissemination in graphic design. In traditional Chinese layout, vertical arrangement of ...characters is predominant, but in recent times, there has been a gradual transition towards horizontal arrangement. To compare the influence of different character arrangement forms on visual meaning generation and information dissemination, This study employed an eye-tracking experiment to investigate two common Chinese character layouts in posters—horizontal and vertical, and collected data such as eye-tracking heatmap, pupil diameter and eye-tracking trajectory map. Based on objective eye-tracking data, combined with post-test interviews and questionnaire surveys, it was found that vertical character arrangement in Chinese typography is more effective in attracting visual attention and facilitating the expression and stimulating interest in viewing/reading under the premise of meeting formal requirements, which may provide guidance and inspiration for the practical application of Chinese characters in layout design, advertising design, packaging design, exhibition design, UI design, and other related fields.
Multiteam digital creativity (MTDC) is a new domain of creativity study that fits the new developments of the digital era, thus scholars have called for exploring MTDC in the fine-graining phase. ...This paper responds to this call, and adopts two studies and cross-validation analysis to explore the theoretical framework of the impact factors of MTDC in the transition phase. Study 1 adopts the qualitative analysis method of rooted theory to explore a more comprehensive impact factor and to maximize the new theory's saturation. Study 2 adopts the CL-WG DEMATEL method, one analysis method of group decision-making and optimized concept lattice, which could cross-validation analyze the results of Study 1 and further determine the importance of the factors. The results of the studies indicate that the influencing factors of MTDC are multilevel, and the factors such as the organizational digital climate, team psychological empowerment, individual digital cognition and emotion, and leadership competence have greater impacts on MTDC. This indicates that the transition phase has a unique internal mechanism. This paper constructs a theoretical framework of factors influencing MTDC in the transition phase and provides new theoretical and practical references for how organizations could fully stimulate MTDC in the digital era. In addition, the cross-validated analytical method further enriches the study tools in the domain of organizational behavior.
Many previous studies have indicated that urban adolescents show a higher level of mental health in China compared to rural adolescents. Specifically, girls in rural areas represented a high-risk ...group prior to the 21st century, demonstrating more suicidal behaviour and ideation than those in the urban areas because of the severe gender inequality in rural China. However, because of the urbanisation process and centralised policy to eliminate gender inequality in recent decades, the regional and gender differences in mental health might decrease. This research aimed to probe the gender and regional differences in depressive traits among adolescent students currently in China. We adopted the national survey dataset Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) conducted in 2018. Accordingly, 2173 observations from 10–15-year-old subjects were included. CFPS utilised an eight-item questionnaire to screen individuals’ depressive traits. Two dimensions of depressive traits were confirmed by CFA, namely depressed affect and anhedonia. The measurement invariance tests suggested that the two-factor model was applicable for both males and females and rural and urban students. Based on the extracted values from the CFA model, MANOVA results revealed that, compared to boys, girls experienced more depressed affect. Moreover, rural students demonstrated more anhedonia symptoms. There was no interaction between gender and region. The results suggest that, even though the gender and regional differences are small, being a female and coming from a rural area are still potential risk factors for developing depressive traits among adolescent students in China.
As an innovative design, microgrid teaching has great application prospects in teaching practical skills in sports. In this paper, we constructed a knowledge graph based on sport-themed microgrid ...teaching and updated the knowledge graph with a bottom-up model. In the inference model of the knowledge graph, a gated loop unit is used to make modifications on GNN and unfold a fixed number T of recursions, while time backpropagation is used to compute the gradient to evaluate the students’ sports intensity under the theme-based microgrid teaching. The SSA algorithm improved the ontology rule inference of the core parameters by including sport intensity in the core parameter constraints for the generation of physical education microgram instruction. The RMSE mean of the recommendation algorithm in the optimized optimal sports instruction search was 0.43257 with a standard deviation of 0.05531 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.44149,0.42364. The use of SSA was able to obtain lower RMSE values under the same model of sports and physical activity similarity calculation. By obtaining the optimal sports instruction program, the sports thematic microgrid teaching model was scientifically guided.
Based on multiteam system (MTS) theory and creativity theory, this study explores the influencing factor model of multiteam digital creativity (MTDC) in the action phase through two cross-validation ...studies, filling a theoretical gap and responding to the research call. Study 1 is a qualitative analysis method to fully explore the relevant influencing factors and enhance the theoretical saturation. Study 2 is an optimized DEMATEL method, known as the CL-WG DEMATEL analysis method, which cross-validates the new theoretical model and measures the centrality of the influencing factors. This study finds that the influence factor model of MTDC has eight major factors and distributes in four different levels. Further analysis shows that the three influences (team digital ability, multiteam digital sharing, and organizational digital resource matching) with the highest centrality of impact on MTDC all belong to the collective level, which indicates the uniqueness of the action phase of the performance episodes. The two cross-validation studies enhance the scientific validity of the new theoretical exploration. In addition, Theoretical and practical implications of the results are presented, and future directions for research are discussed.
Chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer poses a great challenge to the survival of patients. During breast cancer treatment, the development of intrinsic and acquired drug resistance tends to ...further induce adverse prognosis, such as metastasis. In recent years, the progress of research on cytokine-modulated tumor microenvironment and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) has shed light on defining the mechanisms of drug resistance gradually. In this review, we have discussed cytokine regulation on breast cancer chemoresistance. Cytokines can affect tumor cell behavior or reprogram tumor niche through specific signaling pathways, thereby regulating the progress of drug resistance. In addition, we summarized the mutually regulatory networks between cytokines and BCSCs in mediating chemoresistance. Cytokines in the tumor microenvironment can regulate the self-renewal and survival of BCSCs in a variety of ways, sequentially promoting chemotherapeutic resistance. Therefore, the combinational treatment of BCSC targeting and cytokine blockade may have a positive effect on the clinical treatment of breast cancer.
Chemotherapeutic resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has brought great challenges to the improvement of patient survival. The mechanisms of taxane chemoresistance in TNBC have not been ...well investigated. Our results illustrated C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) was significantly elevated during taxane-containing chemotherapy in breast cancer patients with nonpathologic complete response. Furthermore, CCL20 promoted the self-renewal and maintenance of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) or breast cancer stem-like cells through protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated activation of p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, significantly increasing the frequency and taxane resistance of BCSCs. Moreover, CCL20-promoted NF-κB activation increased ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1)/multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) expression, leading to the extracellular efflux of taxane. These results suggested that chemotherapy-induced CCL20 mediated chemoresistance via up-regulating ABCB1. In addition, NF-κB activation increased CCL20 expression, forming a positive feedback loop between NF-κB and CCL20 pathways, which provides sustained impetus for chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. Our results suggest that CCL20 can be a novel predictive marker for taxane response, and the blockade of CCL20 or its downstream pathway might reverse the taxane resistance in breast cancer patients.
The recent discovery of memristive devices based on two-dimensional materials have attracted much interest for emerging applications on flexible memory, neuromorphic computing, and so forth. Reducing ...the thickness to a single-layer level would prompt the scaling limit to sub-nanometer. However, monolayer materials based vertical memristive devices generally suffer inferior performance with high operating voltage, large leakage currents, and poor reliability. In this study, an interfacial polymer layer is inserted between the monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and top electrodes, which not only helps to constrain the conducting filament size but also block the formation of excess filaments from the bottom Cu foil. Therefore, the device shows stable bipolar resistive switching behavior with low operating voltage (< 500 mV), large on/off ratio (up to 105), long retention time (> 105 s), and excellent flexibility. It is demonstrated that tunneling conduction is shown in off-state and on-state current conducts via metallic conducting filaments, which are formed by the substitute of metal ions for lattice vacancies in h-BN. This work presents a scalable interface engineering strategy to control the interactions between metal ions and defects in monolayer h-BN films and sheds light on their promising application for large-scale integrated ultrathin flexible memory.
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•Memristive device based on monolayer hexagonal boron nitride is demonstrated.•An interfacial polymer layer is inserted to constrain the conducting filament size and numbers.•The device shows low operating voltage (< 500 mV), large on/off ratio, long retention time, and excellent flexibility.•Tunneling conduction is shown in off-state and on-state current conducts via metallic conducting filaments.
In order to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of environmental factors on the formation of Populus euphratica xylem, this study analysed the anatomical characteristics of Populus euphratica ...xylem and its response to environmental factors using wood anatomy as an example of Populus euphratica in the Yingsu section of the lower Tarim River. The results showed the following: (1) Throughout the growing season, the number of conduits of Populus euphratica in the two sample sites showed a slow increasing trend with the increase in groundwater burial depth, and the total conduit area showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with the increase in groundwater burial depth. The four indices of total, minimum, average, and maximum conduit areas in Populus euphratica xylem increased significantly with increasing temperatures during the growing season. (2) From the principal component analysis, the anatomical parameters of Populus euphratica xylem were found to be positively correlated with the depth of groundwater, average air temperature, maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, surface temperature, relative humidity, and saturated water and air pressure deficit in the two sampling sites The most significant effects were found in the air temperature and depth of the groundwater. (3) The contribution of groundwater level and air temperature to different growth stages of Populus euphratica xylem was different. During the early part of the growing season of Populus euphratica, the air temperature was the main factor influencing the number of xylem conduits and total conduit area. As the growing season entered the middle stage, the air temperature and groundwater together affected the conduit parameters. In the later part of the growing season, groundwater became the most important factor affecting the number of conduits and the total conduit area. (4) The sensitivity analyses yielded a sensitive groundwater burial depth of 5.2 m for changes in the number of conduits in the xylem of the Populus euphratica and 5.9 m for changes in the total conduit area; the sensitive air temperature for the total conduit area in the xylem of the Populus euphratica was 22.0 °C, and the sensitive air temperature for the average conduit area was 18.5 °C. The results of this study can have important theoretical significance for understanding the Populus euphratica forests, as well as ecological water resource management in the lower Tarim River. They also provide scientific basis for the restoration and protection of Populus euphratica forests in the lower Tarim River.
In the digital era, job crafting is critical. However, limited studies concern the antecedent mechanisms of job crafting in the Chinese organizational context. Accordingly, from the perspective of ...power distance (one important variable of organizational values in China context), this study explores the mechanisms underlying the differentiation between the regulatory focus and employees’ job crafting to address this important gap. The empirical study confirms that two dimensions of regulatory focus have opposite effects on employees’ job crafting. Psychological empowerment mediates the relationship between regulatory focus and job crafting. In addition, power distance moderates the relationship between regulatory focus and psychological empowerment, and reflects very different utilities between promotion and prevention focus. Power distance further moderates the mediating process of this study's model. These findings fill the gap in exploring the direct and indirect mechanisms between regulatory focus and job crafting from a two-dimensional complete perspective, recognizing the role of psychological empowerment between personal preferences and job crafting, meanwhile, help organizations with a better understanding of the moderation effect of power distance and guidance for managers to inspire employees to job crafting.
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