•PA and TA can enhance the water resistance and total porosity of MOC cement.•PA and TA can increase the content of 5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O (phase 5) in MOC cement.•PA and TA can decrease the volume ...fraction of small capillary pores of MOC cement.•PA and TA can slow down the hydration rate of MOC cement.•2Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·2H2O is a transitional phase in the formative stage of phase 5.
Magnesium oxychloride (MOC) cement is featured with high early strength, low thermal conductivity and low density, but is not widely applied in construction engineering due to its poor water resistance capability. This research has studied the effect of phosphoric acid and tartaric acid additions on the water resistance of MOC cement pastes, in which also reports the effects on setting time, hydration reactions, compressive strength, phase composition, thermal stability and microstructure. 1 wt% of phosphoric acid and tartaric acid additions can improve the water resistance and reduce thermal stability of MOC cement pastes, which is associated with formation of gel-like 5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O. Moreover, these additions reduce the compressive strength and prolong the setting time of MOC cement pastes, as well as increase the total porosity, the volume fraction of gel pores (<10 nm) and large pores (>100 nm), however, decrease the volume fraction of small capillary pores (10–100 nm) of MOC cement pastes. These effects are caused by both additives but are most pronounced for MOC cement pastes containing phosphoric acid. In addition, 2Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·2H2O is a transitional phase in the formative stage of 5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O in MOC cement.
The increased consumption of livestock, poultry, and fish products in people's diet threatens to drive production toward the use of more and more conventional crops in animal feeds. In this context, ...alleviating the tightening grain crop supply and ensuring the healthy development of animal husbandry through innovations in protein feedstuff production remain considerable challenges.
is a miracle tree species with abundant nutrients, high protein biological value, and good feeding effect. As a new protein feedstuff,
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has great potential in alleviating the feeding crisis. Here, we review available literature regarding the characterization of
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in the field of animal husbandry in terms of nutrient content, digestion, and absorption characteristics, and feeding effects and present current challenges in using
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as animal feed.
Abstract
Motivation
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques have revolutionized the investigation of transcriptomic landscape in individual cells. Recent advancements in spatial ...transcriptomic technologies further enable gene expression profiling and spatial organization mapping of cells simultaneously. Among the technologies, imaging-based methods can offer higher spatial resolutions, while they are limited by either the small number of genes imaged or the low gene detection sensitivity. Although several methods have been proposed for enhancing spatially resolved transcriptomics, inadequate accuracy of gene expression prediction and insufficient ability of cell-population identification still impede the applications of these methods.
Results
We propose stPlus, a reference-based method that leverages information in scRNA-seq data to enhance spatial transcriptomics. Based on an auto-encoder with a carefully tailored loss function, stPlus performs joint embedding and predicts spatial gene expression via a weighted k-nearest-neighbor. stPlus outperforms baseline methods with higher gene-wise and cell-wise Spearman correlation coefficients. We also introduce a clustering-based approach to assess the enhancement performance systematically. Using the data enhanced by stPlus, cell populations can be better identified than using the measured data. The predicted expression of genes unique to scRNA-seq data can also well characterize spatial cell heterogeneity. Besides, stPlus is robust and scalable to datasets of diverse gene detection sensitivity levels, sample sizes and number of spatially measured genes. We anticipate stPlus will facilitate the analysis of spatial transcriptomics.
Availability and implementation
stPlus with detailed documents is freely accessible at http://health.tsinghua.edu.cn/software/stPlus/ and the source code is openly available on https://github.com/xy-chen16/stPlus.
Passing cloud results in rapid changes of irradiance. The intermittency of photovoltaic (PV) power output has drawn serious concern especially for utility-scale PV system. Consequently, power ...ramp-rate control (PRRC) has been introduced to avoid significant PV power fluctuations. PRRC is usually implemented either by curtailing active power output or implementing energy storage system (ESS). However, current active power curtailment cannot deal with the irradiance ramp-down fluctuations, and the high cost of the ESS is still hindering its extensive application. In this paper, two innovative PRRC strategies are presented, which utilize the short-term forecasting. The first solution does not require any ESS, during the power ramp-down event, the PV generation will be curtailed before the actual shading occurs. The second solution requires only one-quarter of the energy capacity of the conventional ESS control strategy. To provide the PV generation forecasts, a dynamic model based on spatio-temporal theory is formulated. The effectiveness of the proposed forecasting model and control strategies have been verified through experiment and case studies.
The development of highly efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is paramount for water splitting associated with the ...storage of clean and renewable energy. Here, this study reports its findings in the development of a nanostructured perovskite oxide as OER/HER bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. Prepared by a facile electrospinning method, SrNb0.1Co0.7Fe0.2O3–δ perovskite nanorods (SNCF‐NRs) display excellent OER and HER activity and stability in an alkaline solution, benefiting from the catalytic nature of perovskites and unique structural features. More importantly, the SNCF‐NR delivers a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of merely ≈1.68 V while maintaining remarkable durability when used as both anodic and cathodic catalysts in an alkaline water electrolyzer. The performance of this bifunctional perovskite material is among the best ever reported for overall water splitting, offering a cost‐effective alternative to noble metal based electrocatalysts.
A novel SrNb0.1Co0.7Fe0.2O3‐δ perovskite nanorod prepared by a facile electrospinning process exhibits excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media, delivering an overall water splitting current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of merely ≈1.68 V while maintaining remarkable durability, which is among the best‐performing overall water splitting electrocatalysts reported so far.
Moringa oleifera is widely cultivated as an important vegetable for human consumption. Moringa contains numerous dietary phytonutrients, including flavonoids, which are secondary plant metabolites ...with health-promoting effects, such as prevention of damage to normal cell DNA and promotion of cancer cell apoptosis, thereby reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Therefore, flavonoids in M. oleifera have attracted great interest as chemotherapeutic modality due to its edible, potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and larger amounts of flavonoids compared with other vegetables and fruit. This review focuses on the findings of current studies of the health-promoting aspects of Moringa and Moringa extract-related flavonoids on NCDs, particularly cancer, diabetes and obesity. According to the available literature, the beneficial effects of bioactive flavonoids in M. oleifera as a future medicinal food are promising but further evidence from human studies, including clinical trials, is required.
Solar forecasting is one of the most promising approaches to address the intermittent photovoltaic (PV) power generation by providing predictions before upcoming ramp events. In this article, a novel ...multistep forecasting (MSF) scheme is proposed for PV power ramp-rate control (PRRC). This method utilizes an ensemble of deep ConvNets without additional time series models (e.g., recurrent neural network (RNN) or long short-term memory) and exogenous variables, thus more suitable for industrial applications. The MSF strategy can make multiple predictions in comparison with a single forecasting point produced by a conventional method while maintaining the same high temporal resolution. Besides, stacked sky images that integrate temporal-spatial information of cloud motions are used to further improve the forecasting performance. The results demonstrate a favorable forecasting accuracy in comparison to the existing forecasting models with the highest skill score of 17.7%. In the PRRC application, the MSF-based PRRC can detect more ramp-rates violations with a higher control rate of 98.9% compared with the conventional forecasting-based control. Thus, the PV generation can be effectively smoothed with less energy curtailment on both clear and cloudy days using the proposed approach.
Hard carbon has been regarded as the most promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost, high reversible capacity, and low working potential. However, the uncertain ...sodium storage mechanism hinders the rational design and synthesis of high‐performance hard carbon anode materials for practical SIBs. During the past decades, tremendous efforts have been put to stimulate the development of hard carbon materials. In this review, we discuss the recent progress of the study on the sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon anodes, and the effective strategies to improve their sodium storage performance have been summarized. It is anticipated that hard carbon anodes with high electrochemical properties will be inspired and fabricated for large‐scale energy storage applications.
Hard carbon electrode materials have been considered as a state‐of‐the‐art anode material for sodium‐ion batteries. However, the uncertain sodium storage mechanism hinders the development of high‐performance hard carbon anode materials for practical application. Herein, the progress in the sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon anodes and the effective strategies to improve their sodium storage performance are summarized. It is anticipated that this article will facilitate a better understanding of the development of hard carbon anode materials.
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•Bacillales, Saccharomycetales were aerobic deterioration sponsors in silage.•Neolamarckia cadamba leaves (NCL) essential oil improved aerobic stability of silage.•NCL essential oil ...inhibited metabolic activities of aerobic deterioration sponsors.•NCL essential oil reduced the relative abundances of aerobic deterioration sponsors.
Silage, an anaerobic fermented feed for animals, is subjected to aerobic deterioration easily due to the activities of undesirable microorganisms. Aerobic deterioration always leads to the reduction of important nutritional components, animal performance and food safety. To better understand aerobic deterioration and the underlying mechanisms of Neolamarckia cadamba leaves (NCL) essential oil, metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metabolome analyses of silage and antimicrobial activity of NCL essential oil were performed. During exposure to air, whole-crop corn silage deteriorated as the temperature, pH value, yeasts and molds counts increased (p < 0.001), while lactic acid, acetic acid contents decreased (p < 0.001). Bacillales, Clostridiales, Saccharomycetales, and Eurotiales were active, which might be responsible for the aerobic deterioration of silage and the change in metabolites. NCL essential oil showed strong antibacterial ability to strains isolated from aerobically deteriorated silage including Candida glabrata, and Niallia circulans by affecting metabolism pathways. The addition of NCL essential oil increased the aerobic stability of whole-crop corn silage by preventing the decrease of acids and increase of temperature, pH value, yeasts and molds counts, and the relative abundances of Eurotiales, Saccharomycetales, Bacillales, and Eubacteriales. Genes related to metabolism including amino acid metabolism were down-regulated in NCL essential oil treatment. Differentially accumulated metabolites annotation indicated that pathways related to metabolism, especially amino acid metabolism were enriched. In summary, NCL essential oil could improve the aerobic stability of whole-crop corn silage by inhibiting metabolism activities, especially the amino acid metabolism of aerobic deterioration sponsors such as Saccharomycetales and Bacillales. This study provides deeper insight, a new target for controlling aerobic deterioration, and a theoretical basis for high-quality silage production.
In accordance with the principle that the cube graph can be obtained by superimposing planes, a multiple-image encryption scheme based on hyperchaotic map and 3D cube is designed in this paper. ...Multiple images are segmented by columns, and a regular cube is obtained by stacking multiple fixed-size planes. Each stacked plane is considered as a stacked plane of the cube along the z-axis direction. Firstly, each tangent plane is rotated by different angles in the counterclockwise direction and then DNA encoded, followed by face swap, row swap, and column swap in turn. Then, the DNA-encoded image cube is subjected to DNA addition with the chaotic cube. Finally, two DNA sequences are randomly selected for DNA mutation. The mutated cube is decoded into a digital cube by DNA and the multiple-image encryption algorithm is completed. Theoretically, the cube used in the encryption process can be infinitely large, which means that the number and the size of 2D images that can be encrypted can be unrestricted. Experimental simulations and performance tests prove that the proposed image encryption scheme is effective and secure.
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