Deep learning is currently an extremely active research area in machine learning and pattern recognition society. It has gained huge successes in a broad area of applications such as speech ...recognition, computer vision, and natural language processing. With the sheer size of data available today, big data brings big opportunities and transformative potential for various sectors; on the other hand, it also presents unprecedented challenges to harnessing data and information. As the data keeps getting bigger, deep learning is coming to play a key role in providing big data predictive analytics solutions. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of deep learning, and highlight current research efforts and the challenges to big data, as well as the future trends.
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a pivotal reaction in many technologies for renewable energy, such as water splitting, metal–air batteries, and regenerative fuel cells. However, this reaction is ...known to be kinetically sluggish and proceeds at rather high overpotential due to the universal scaling relationship, namely, the adsorption energies of intermediates are linearly correlated and cannot be optimized simultaneously. Several approaches have been proposed to break the scaling relationship by introducing additional active sites; however, positive experimental results are still absent. Herein, a different solution is suggested on the basis of dynamic tridimensional adsorption of the OER intermediates at NiO/NiFe layered double hydroxide intersection, by which the adsorption energy of each intermediate can be adjusted independently, so as to bypass the scaling relationship and achieve high catalytic performance. Experimentally, the OER overpotential is reduced to ≈205 mV at current density of 30 mA cm−2, which represents the best performance achieved by state‐of‐the‐art OER catalysts.
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a key reaction for energy conversion and storage, is kinetically sluggish due to the limits of the scaling relationship. A strategy to bypass the scaling relationship through dynamic tridimensional adsorption of OER intermediates is reported, and OER overpotential is reduced to 205 mV at current density of 30 mA cm−2.
Arabidopsis mutants produced by constitutive overexpression of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system are usually mosaics in the T1 generation. In this study, we used egg cell-specific promoters to ...drive the expression of Cas9 and obtained non-mosaic T1 mutants for multiple target genes with high efficiency. Comparisons of 12 combinations of eight promoters and two terminators found that the efficiency of the egg cell-specific promoter-controlled CRISPR/Cas9 system depended on the presence of a suitable terminator, and the composite promoter generated by fusing two egg cell-specific promoters resulted in much higher efficiency of mutation in the T1 generation compared with the single promoters.
Platelets play important roles in blood clotting, hemostasis and wound repair, while more and more research show that platelets also have significant contributions in the process of inflammation. ...Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Platelet microparticles, which are membrane vesicles shed by activated platelets, are reported to amplify inflammation in Rheumatoid arthritis. Here we show that either platelet-specific deletion of Rac1 (Rac1
−/-
) or Rac1-specific inhibitor NSC23766 dramatically inhibit platelet-derived microparticles formation. As we all know, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model is the most common autoimmune model of rheumatoid arthritis. Interestingly, NSC23766 alleviated the process of collagen-induced arthritis of DBA mice in vivo, including the reduced hind paw thickness and ankle stiffness, the reduction of arthritic scores and incidence of arthritis. Our work also found that NSC23766-treated CIA mouse spleen is less swollen and contains less enlarged white pulp than PBS control. The histological analysis shows that NSC23766-treated but not solvent control improve the cartilage erosion symptom in the joint of CIA mouse. Interestingly, platelet microparticles in the peripheral blood of NSC23766-treated CIA mice were decreased significantly compared with PBS-treated CIA mice. In conclusion, our work demonstrated that Rac1 inhibition alleviates collagen-induced arthritis through the decrease of platelet microparticles' release. In short, Rac1 aggravate the rheumatoid arthritis deterioration through the regulation of platelet microparticles formation.
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO emerges as a potential route of utilizing emitted CO2. Metal‐N‐C hybrid structures have shown unique activities, however, the active centers and reaction ...mechanisms remain unclear because of the ambiguity in true atomic structures for the prepared catalysts. Herein, combining density‐functional theory calculations and experimental studies, the reaction mechanisms for well‐defined metal–N4 sites were explored using metal phthalocyanines as model catalysts. The theoretical calculations reveal that cobalt phthalocyanine exhibits the optimum activity for CO2 reduction to CO because of the moderate *CO binding energy at the Co site, which accommodates the *COOH formation and the *CO desorption. It is further confirmed by experimental studies, where cobalt phthalocyanine delivers the best performance, with a maximal CO Faradaic efficiency reaching 99 %, and maintains stable performance for over 60 hours.
To the “CO2RR”: Metal phthalocyanines (MePcs) with well‐defined metal–N4 structures were used as model catalysts to study the active centers and reaction mechanisms for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Theoretical and experimental studies identify CoPc as the optimum catalyst for the selective electrocatalytic CO2RR to deliver CO. The Co site serves as the active center for achieving a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of up to 99 % with long‐term stability.
Prime editing is a novel and universal CRISPR/Cas-derived precision genome-editing technology that has been recently developed. However, low efficiency of prime editing has been shown in transgenic ...rice lines. We hypothesize that enhancing pegRNA expression could improve prime-editing efficiency. In this report, we describe two strategies for enhancing pegRNA expression. We construct a prime editing vector harboring two pegRNA variants for W542L and S621I double mutations in ZmALS1 and ZmALS2. Compared with previous reports in rice, we achieve much higher prime-editing efficiency in maize. Our results are inspiring and provide a direction for the optimization of plant prime editors.
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have demonstrated great potential as appealing candidates for advanced optoelectronic applications. However, the toxicity of lead and the intrinsic ...instability toward moisture hinder their mass production and commercialization. Herein, to solve such thorny problems, novel lead‐free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite NCs fabricated via a simple hot‐injection method are reported, which exhibit impressive stability in moisture, light, and temperature. Such materials are then applied into photocatalytic CO2 reduction, achieving a total electron consumption of 105 µmol g−1 under AM 1.5G illumination for 6 h. This study offers a reliable avenue for Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite nanocrystals preparation, which holds a great potential in the further photochemical applications.
Stable lead‐free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite nanocrystals with a cubic shape and an average size of 9.5 nm are successfully synthesized via the hot‐injection route, and are employed as photocatalysts to convert CO2 into solar fuels (CO and CH4). This work offers a reliable avenue for Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite nanocrystals preparation, which holds a great potential in the further photochemical applications.
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and noise are the ubiquitous environmental hazards with considerable detrimental effects on the physiological and psychological health of humans. Exploiting efficient ...protective materials that can be extensively used in daily life for simultaneous anti-UVR and noise mitigation will be of crucial importance, but it is still a significant challenge in materials design. Herein, we developed a series of protective textiles for efficient anti-UVR and noise reduction
MOFs nanocrystal-modified cotton textiles. The formation of MOFs@cotton textiles was confirmed by using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The fabricated MOFs@cotton textiles exhibited substantial improvement in the UVR blocking and acoustic absorption properties compared to blank cotton textiles. Therefore, this work provides a good strategy for designing and preparing multifunctional protective textiles.
The long non-coding RNA PVT1 (lncRNA PVT1) has been reported to act as an oncogenic regulator of several cancers. However, its expression and function in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remain largely ...unknown.
In situ hybridization (ISH) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were performed to detect the expression of PVT1 and miR-143 in GBC tissues and cell lines. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were performed to assess the expression of the hexokinase 2 (HK2) protein. The relationships among PVT1, miR-143 and HK2 were evaluated using dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and biotin pull-down assays. The biological functions of PVT1, miR-143 and HK2 in GBC cells were explored with cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU), colony formation, transwell, wound healing and glucose metabolism assays in vitro. For in vivo experiments, a xenograft model was used to investigate the effects of PVT1 and HK2 on GBC.
PVT1 was upregulated in GBC tissues and cells and was positively associated with malignancies and worse overall survival. PVT1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and restrained tumor growth in vivo. Further studies demonstrated that PVT1 positively regulated HK2 expression via its competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity on miR-143. Additionally, HK2 expression and function were positively correlated with PVT1. Furthermore, we observed that the PVT1/miR-143/HK2 axis promoted cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating aerobic glucose metabolism in GBC cells.
The results of our study reveal a potential ceRNA regulatory pathway in which PVT1 modulates HK2 expression by competitively binding to endogenous miR-143 in GBC cells, which may provide new insights into novel molecular therapeutic targets for GBC.
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