Dehydrocorydaline (DHC) is an alkaloidal component isolated from Rhizoma corydalis. Previous studies have shown that DHC has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects and that it can protect the ...cardiovascular system. However, there are few studies of the antinociceptive effects of DHC in vivo. This study explored the antinociceptive effects and possible mechanisms of DHC in mice using two inflammatory pain models: the acetic acid-induced writhing test and the formalin paw test. The intraperitoneal administration of DHC (3.6, 6 or 10 mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in the acetic acid-induced writhing test and significantly attenuated the formalin-induced pain responses in mice. The antinociceptive effects of DHC were not associated with changes in the locomotor activity or motor responses of animals, and no obvious acute or chronic toxic effects were observed in the mice. Furthermore, the use of naloxone confirmed the involvement of the opioid receptor in the central antinociceptive effects of DHC. DHC reduced formalin-induced paw edema, which indicated that DHC may produce an anti-inflammatory effect in the periphery. In the formalin test, DHC decreased the expression of caspase 6 (CASP6), TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 proteins in the spinal cord. These findings confirm that DHC has antinociceptive effects in mice.
In this article, an improved maximum correntropy unscented Kalman filter (IMCUKF) is proposed for the problem of mutation and non-Gaussian noise in the spacecraft attitude estimation system. The ...IMCUKF proposed in this paper transforms the above problem into a nonlinear regression problem, which is achieved by establishing a robust filter based on the maximum correntropy criterion and adaptively adjusting the prior covariance using an adaptive fading factor. In particular, the IMCUKF uses the Cauchy kernel function instead of the Gaussian kernel function to solve the problem that the maximum correntropy Kalman filter is easy to collapse due to the emergence of singular matrices. In addition, this paper applies the additive quaternion property to derive the Kalman filter gain to satisfy the constraint of quaternion normalization. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm as compared with the existing filtering algorithm with the measurement outliers, state mutations, and non-Gaussian noises.
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have important functions in immune responses against pathogens and in diseases, but mechanisms controlling MAIT cell development and effector lineage ...differentiation remain unclear. Here, we report that IL-2/IL-15 receptor β chain and inducible costimulatory (ICOS) not only serve as lineage-specific markers for IFN-γ-producing MAIT1 and IL-17A-producing MAIT17 cells, but are also important for their differentiation, respectively. Both IL-2 and IL-15 induce mTOR activation, T-bet upregulation, and subsequent MAIT cell, especially MAIT1 cell, expansion. By contrast, IL-1β induces more MAIT17 than MAIT1 cells, while IL-23 alone promotes MAIT17 cell proliferation and survival, but synergizes with IL-1β to induce strong MAIT17 cell expansion in an mTOR-dependent manner. Moreover, mTOR is dispensable for early MAIT cell development, yet pivotal for MAIT cell effector differentiation. Our results thus show that mTORC2 integrates signals from ICOS and IL-1βR/IL-23R to exert a crucial role for MAIT17 differentiation, while the IL-2/IL-15R-mTORC1-T-bet axis ensures MAIT1 differentiation.
Oxidation processes of metallic interconnects are crucial to the operation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and ferritic Fe-Cr alloy is one of the most important metallic interconnect materials. ...Based on the ReaxFF reactive potential, the interaction of O
2
molecules with three types of surfaces (100, 110, 111) of ferritic Fe-Cr alloy has been studied by classical molecular dynamics at constant O
2
concentrations and temperatures. The initial oxidation process is systematically studied according to the analysis of O
2
absorption rate, charge variations, charge distributions, mean squared distributions, and oxidation rate. The results reveal that it is easier and faster for the Cr atoms to lose electrons than for the Fe atoms during the oxidation process. The obtained oxidation rate of Cr atoms is larger and the formation of Cr
2
O
3
takes precedence over that of FeO. And the thickness of oxidation layers of different surfaces could be determined quantitatively. We also find that the high O
2
concentration accelerates the oxidation process and obviously increases the thickness of oxidation layers, while the temperature has a weaker effect on the oxidation process than the O
2
concentration. Moreover, the (110) surface presents the best oxidation resistance compared to the other two surfaces. And the (110) surface is efficient in preventing Fe atoms from being oxidized. Here we explore the initial oxidation process of Fe-Cr alloy and the corresponding results could provide theoretical guides to the related experiments and applications as metallic interconnects.
Based on the ReaxFF reactive potential, the interaction of O
2
molecules with three types of surfaces (100, 110, 111) of ferritic Fe-Cr alloy has been studied by classical molecular dynamics at constant O
2
concentrations and temperatures.
•Monte Carlo sampling method is proposed to solve the correlation between renewable energy sources.•The sampling accuracy of Monte Carlo method is higher than that of empirical formula.•A simplified ...Ls-index is proposed. Ls-index can maintain enough calculation accuracy and reduce calculation time.•This article gives a practical calculation formula for GSA. The practical calculation formula solves the problem that the conditional expectation cannot be solved directly.
The high penetration of renewable energy in power systems significantly increases the difficulty of system modelling. Adequate attention should be paid to the impact of the correlation between renewable energy sources and voltage stability. In this paper, a global sensitivity analysis method is proposed to analyse the sensitivity of correlated renewable energy generation to voltage stability. The established model fully considers the uncertainty of wind speed and solar irradiance. Moreover, the simplified local voltage stability index is used to evaluate voltage stability. The global sensitivity analysis method is used to identify the sensitivity of random factors. In addition, the Monte Carlo method is proposed to calculate Pearson correlation coefficients in different distribution spaces. The Nataf inverse transform is used to sample correlated renewable energy. Finally, the global sensitivity index of renewable energy generations is obtained. Numerical results on the modified IEEE 30-bus system and modified IEEE 118-bus system show that with the enhancement of correlation between renewable energy sources, the sensitivity of renewable energy generations to voltage stability is also increasing.
Cancer recurrence and chemoresistance are the leading causes of death in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients. However, the unique role of the immune environment in tumor progression for ...relapsed chemo-resistant patients remains elusive. In single-cell resolution, we characterized a comprehensive multi-dimensional cellular and immunological atlas from tumor, ascites, and peripheral blood of a chemo-resistant patient at different stages of treatment. Our results highlight a role in recurrence and chemoresistance of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in ascites, including MDSC-like myeloid and hypo-metabolic γδT cells, and of peripheral CD8
+
effector T cells with chemotherapy-induced senescent/exhaustive. Importantly, paired TCR/BCR sequencing demonstrated relative conservation of TCR clonal expansion in hyper-expanded CD8
+
T cells and extensive BCR clonal expansion without usage bias of V(D)J genes after chemotherapy. Thus, our study suggests strategies for ameliorating chemotherapy-induced immune impairment to improve the clinical outcome of HGSOC.
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune chronic liver disease with worldwide increasing morbidity. However, the etiology of PBC is still unclear. Recently, the epithelial-mesenchymal ...transition (EMT) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, were proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of PBC. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify the roles of IL-17A and/or EMT in the onset of PBC. The results showed that the median serum IL-17A level was significantly higher in 29 PBC patients (average course of 40.69 months) than that of 11 healthy controls. The intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (IBECs), the major target of destruction in PBC, underwent EMT in PBC patients. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the protein levels of IL-17A receptor were increased in IBECs and the IL-17A protein was accumulated around the IBECs in the PBC patients. These results imply that the IL-17A-mediated signaling and EMT of intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (IBEC-EMT) are key pathogenic processes of PBC. To study the association between IL-17A and IBECs-EMT, we then examined if IL-17A induced EMT using a human cell line of IBECs (HIBECs). After the treatment with IL-17A for 48 h, HIBECs changed into bipolar cells with a fibroblastic morphology. Additionally, the results of real-time PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that IL-17A up-regulated the expression of a mesenchymal marker vimentin and down-regulated the expression of an epithelial marker E-cadherin in HIBECs in the dose- and time-dependent manners. These results suggest that IL-17A may play an important role in the IBECs-EMT.
Variable-frequency drive (VFD) has been widely used in reverse osmosis desalination. Our purpose is to study how the VFD and pressure regulating valve affect the key parameters of reverse osmosis ...desalination and their action principle through experiments. Firstly, the power frequency is controlled by VFD, and the operating pressure is controlled by pressure regulating valve (needle valve) in the experiment. The feed water passes through the multimedia filter, precision filter and permeable membrane channel in turn, and permeate water and brine enter the fresh water tank and the brine tank respectively. Secondly, through experiments on seawater and brackish water respectively, the water flow rate, product water quality, energy consumption and recovery rate under different operating pressures are obtained when the power frequency is 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 respectively. Finally, combined with the working principle and mathematical model of VFD and high-pressure pump motor, the reason for the experimental results caused by the operation change is explained theoretically. The experimental results verify that for a certain recovery rate, the specific energy consumption required for water production decreases with decreasing power frequency. This provides desalination energy savings but at the expense of permeate production speed.
Unknown measurement disturbances and correlated noise caused by jitter or vibration phenomena during spacecraft operation and the complex external environment are important topics for spacecraft ...attitude estimation. This paper studies the problem of spacecraft attitude estimation for nonlinear systems with multiplicative noises, unknown measurement disturbances and correlated noises. In addition, a two-step prediction framework is used to complete the noise decoupling. This paper aims to design a robust filter that minimizes the upper bound of the prediction error covariance and estimation error covariance in the presence of multiplicative noises, correlated noises and unknown measurement disturbances. The prediction gain and filtering gain of the robust filter are designed to minimize the upper bound. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed filter.
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