Rationale and Aims
Scholars have progressively promoted shared decision making (SDM) as an optimal model of treatment decision making in clinical practice. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether health ...care professionals (a) understand SDM well, (b) believe that SDM is helpful in their daily practice, and (c) are willing to practice SDM during their daily activities. These are crucial research topics; however, such research is still limited. The aim of this study was to apply the knowledge‐attitude‐behavior (KAB) model to probe health care professionals' perceptions of SDM.
Methods
A questionnaire was delivered to health care professionals working in various hospitals in southern Taiwan from 9 November 2018 to 8 January 2019. In addition to KAB constructs, this study explored the barriers to SDM practice and willingness to practice SDM among health care professionals. Predictive variables were subjected to multiple linear regression analysis to investigate health care professionals' views of SDM.
Results
Valid respondents numbered 400, including physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other health care professionals. The characteristics of these health care professionals significantly affected the mean scores of the KAB model. A correlation analyses indicated that the KAB constructs were positively correlated with each other. The top three barriers reported were lack of time (57.50%), lack of knowledge (38.25%), and difficulty of developing patient decision aids (37.75%). Respondents who were willing to practice SDM opined that SDM can provide the best health care for patients (81.62%), can maintain and improve individual clinical expertise (77.38%), and can meet patient and social expectations (48.40%).
Conclusions
Continuous emphasis on education regarding SDM and continuous promotion of a positive attitude of SDM acceptance can influence the behaviour of practicing SDM among health care professionals. Further study is required to assess the SDM practices of various health care professionals in different settings.
Background: Progression of diabetes‐associated periodontal destruction and the roles of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are investigated.
Methods: Diabetes was induced by streptozocotin ...injection, and periodontitis was induced via silk ligature placement with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide injection in 64 Sprague‐Dawley rats for 7 to 21 days. The quality of alveolar bone and attachment loss (AL) were measured by microcomputed tomography and histology. Destruction profiles were evaluated by histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative assessments of inflammatory cells, expression of receptors for AGEs (RAGE), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
Results: Without periodontitis induction, there was no obvious morphologic change in the periodontium, although slight elevations of AGEs and RAGE levels were noted in animals with diabetes. In the group with experimental periodontitis, significant periodontal bone loss was noted in animals both with and without diabetes from day 7, with more progressive bone loss in animals with diabetes during days 14 to 21. Histologically, the disruption of attachment and inflammation were observed from day 7, but subsequently subsided in animals without diabetes. A stronger and more prolonged response with significant AL was observed in animals with diabetes. Stronger inflammation, attenuated and persistent resorptive activity, and weaker proliferating potential were demonstrated by animals with diabetes. AGE deposition and RAGE expression were noted in animals without diabetes but with periodontitis, although levels were considerably elevated in the later stages in animals with diabetes.
Conclusions: Diabetes augments periodontal destruction by reducing the proliferating capability and activating resorptive activities. Presence of the AGE‐RAGE axis without diabetes implies that it is involved in the regulation of inflammation.
Background: Diabetes is known to impair wound healing and deteriorate the periodontal condition. There is limited information about the patterns and events associated with periodontal wound repair. ...In this study, we evaluate the dynamics of periodontal wound repair using micro‐computed tomography (microCT) and immunohistochemistry.
Methods: Thirty‐six male rats were used, and diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. The maxillary first molars were extracted, and a tooth‐associated osseous defect was created in the extraction area. Animals were sacrificed after 7, 14, and 21 days. Volumetry and distribution of bone trabeculae were evaluated by microCT imaging. The patterns of healing and collagen alignment were evaluated by histology. Advanced glycation end‐product (AGE) deposition and expression of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were evaluated by histochemical and immunohistochemical staining.
Results: Diabetic animals demonstrated a significantly reduced bone volume and trabecular number as well as thinner trabeculae and more trabecular separation in osseous defects. The early stage was characterized by significantly reduced cellular proliferation and prolonged active inflammation without evident bone resorption, whereas delayed recovery of collagen realignment, matrix deposition, and bone turnover was noted in later stages. Although AGEs and RAGE were present during healing in diabetes and controls, a stronger and more persistent level of expression was observed in the group with diabetes
Conclusions: Diabetes significantly delayed osseous defect healing by augmenting inflammation, impairing proliferation, and delaying bone resorption. The AGE–RAGE axis can be activated under metabolic disturbance and inflammation.
The success of periodontal regeneration depends on the coordination of early cell proliferation and late cell differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the proliferation or ...differentiation stage predominantly promotes the initiation of periodontal regeneration. Critical-sized periodontal defects were surgically created on rat maxillae and filled with poly-(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-poly-d,l-lactide hybrid microspheres encapsulating platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF, a promoter of mitogenesis), simvastatin (a promoter of osteogenic differentiation), or bovine serum albumin (a control). The encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release profiles of the microspheres were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The maxillae were harvested after 10 or 14 days and assessed by micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry for regeneration efficacy and cell viability. The rapid release of PDGF was observed within the first week, whereas a slow release profile was noted for simvastatin. The PDGF-treated specimens demonstrated a significantly higher bone volume fraction compared with bovine serum albumin- (p < 0.05) or simvastatin-treated (p < 0.05) specimens at day 14. Histologically, active bone formation originating from the defect borders was noted in both the PDGF- and the simvastatin-treated specimens, and functionally aligned periodontal ligament fiber insertion was only observed in the PDGF-treated specimens. The significant promotion of mitogenesis by PDGF treatment was also noted at day 14 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, increased mitogenesis or osteogenic differentiation may stimulate osteogenesis, and the upregulation of mitogenesis by PDGF appears to play a role in the initiation of periodontal regeneration.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been used as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for various research and diagnostic purposes, such as the detection of ...neuroinflammation and blood-brain-barrier integrity. As the central resident macrophage-like cells, microglia are responsible for managing foreign agents invading the CNS. The present study investigated the direct effect of IONPs on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by murine microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Primary murine microglial cells were pretreated with IONPs (1-50 μg Fe/mL) for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 24 h. Confocal microscopy is used to visualize the intracellular IONP distribution and secretory lysosomes after staining with LysoTracker and Rab27a, respectively. The production of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was quantified by ELISA. The activity of IL-1β converting enzyme (ICE) and TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) was measured by fluorescent microplate assay using specific substrates. The lysosomal number, alkalinity, permeability and cathepsin B activity were determined by flow cytometry with ectodermal dysplasia-1, lysosensor and acridine orange staining, and using cathepsin B specific substrate, respectively.
Confocal imaging revealed that IONPs were markedly engulfed by microglia. Exposure to IONPs attenuated the production of IL-1β, but not TNF-α. Concordantly, the activity of ICE, but not the TACE, was suppressed in IONP-treated cells. Mechanistic studies showed that IONPs accumulated in lysosomes and the number of lysosomes was increased in IONP-treated cells. In addition, exposure to IONPs increased lysosomal permeability and alkalinity, but decreased the activity of cathepsin B, a secretory lysosomal enzyme involved in the activation of ICE.
Our results demonstrated a contrasting effect of IONPs on the production of IL-1β and TNF-α by LPS-stimulated microglia, in which the attenuation of IL-1β by IONPs was mediated by inhibiting the secretory lysosomal pathway of cytokine processing.
Abstract The amniotic membrane (AM) has been widely used in the field of tissue engineering because of the favorable biological properties for scaffolding material. However, little is known about the ...effects of an acellular AM matrix on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, it was found that both basement membrane side and collagenous stroma side of the acellular AM matrix were capable of providing a preferential environment for driving the osteogenic differentiation of human dental apical papilla cells (APCs) with proven stem cell characteristics. Acellular AM matrix potentiated the induction effect of osteogenic supplements (OS) such as ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone and enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of APCs, as seen by increased core-binding factor alpha 1 (Cbfa-1) phosphorylation, alkaline phosphatase activity, mRNA expression of osteogenic marker genes, and mineralized matrix deposition. Even in the absence of soluble OS, acellular AM matrix also could exert the substrate-induced effect on initiating APCs’ differentiation. Especially, the collagenous stroma side was more effective than the basement membrane side. Moreover, the AM-induced effect was significantly inhibited by U0126, an inhibitor of extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling. Taken together, the osteogenic differentiation promoting effect on APCs is AM-specific, which provides potential applications of acellular AM matrix in bone/tooth tissue engineering.
碩士
國立體育大學
體育研究所
103
This study aimed to explore the effects of experiencing program on service team. Using a quai-experience design (i.e., one-group pretest-posttest design) this study recruited 30 ...staff from Fu-Jen Catholic University and trained them with an outward bound program. This study intended to examine its effects on participants’ learning effects and their learning perceptions and found following results：
1. Outward Bound Program enhance the benefits of collaboration, diversity and learning-based for the service learning team.
3. Outward Bound Program certainly improve those aspects of significant differences in duration and intensity, link to curriculum, partnerships, meaningful service, youth voice, diversity, reflection, and progress monitoring.
Based on the results, Outward Bound Program can indeed effectively enhance a service-learning team positive effect. This study has made recommendations of service-learning as a reference implementation of curriculum planning for future research and for
碩士
中原大學
建築研究所
100
The study aims to explore how the utilization of potted plants in the outdoor odd space of the early intervention institution can produce impacts on toddlers with special needs in ...the respects of communication, emotions, and social inclination. Adopting both quantitative and qualitative methods, with an emphasis on action research coupled with the aid of literature exploration interviewing skills and a scale for evaluation, the current study includes instructional activities and observation into the scope of research.
The research subjects are mainly the day-care toddlers with developmental delays or special symptoms, aged between 3 to 6, of the Taipei Po Ai Development Center (a social welfare institution)(台北市博愛發展中心). Under the premised of not affecting normal course conditions, 3 students are willing to take part in the activity. Hence this activity was specifically designed for the 3 students, with the duration of the program lasting from October 2010 till January 2012, totaling at 16 wee
PDF
